241 lines
33 KiB
XML
241 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="8F76FB6A686C142C4DCA9AE2008DDCBB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3955.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac08f47a-d395-406a-8461-b1a65d65fc38" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244417" ID-ZooBank="B4E21D99-203B-4818-904E-BBA145E5CD33" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461052425946" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva, Fernando A. B. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando" docDate="2015" docId="03D8893BB171CC342390F9DE4872F9F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03955p520.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3955 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphengium Harold 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="507" masterDocId="FFE1F143B170CC362307FFA14A72FFA5" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Aphengium Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini)" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1698579553482" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D834AFE883A71B88ED56F19D94E636B6">A revision of the genus Aphengium Harold, 1868 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54F24BCACBE29A6A7FA17077AD7175EB">Silva, Fernando A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A88351D3B76B0D7C5124AA18DB174CAD">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="663059183424D0358A836ED5DCBE2036">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="32C1AAA7C748A7834CB414443723115C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="512A9B2AEAB2035C5B50409D9FAC2596" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="92C984D49D3C97DAB8CD17B134ACD465">3955</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D8893BB171CC342390F9DE4872F9F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122142" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8893BB171CC342390F9DE4872F9F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8893BB171CC342390F9DE4872F9F5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">
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<subSubSection id="C36B6BA6B171CC372390F9DE4BA7F93F" box="[151,469,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE382DB171CC372390F9DE4BA7F93F" blockId="1.[151,469,1663,1690]" box="[151,469,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">
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<heading id="D0868F41B171CC372390F9DE4BA7F93F" bold="true" box="[151,469,1663,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB171CC372390F9DE4BA7F93F" ID-CoL="62D9J" authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,469,1663,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB171CC372390F9DE4BA7F93F" bold="true" box="[151,469,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB171CC372390F9DE4B55F93C" bold="true" box="[151,295,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">Aphengium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC372228F9214BA7F93F" author="Harold" box="[303,469,1664,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Harold, E. (1868) Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 3, 80 - 87." type="journal article" year="1868">Harold, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6BA6B171CC372390F9694E6AF8EF" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCE382DB171CC372390F9694E6AF8EF" blockId="1.[151,1436,1736,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB611F03B171CC372390F9694E6AF8EF" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB171CC372390F9694BCDF97B" ID-CoL="62D9J" authority="Harold 1868: 82" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,447,1736,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB171CC372390F9694B7FF97B" box="[151,269,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">Aphengium</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC372213F9694BCDF97B" author="Harold" box="[276,447,1736,1758]" page="82" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC372213F9694BE9F97B" author="Harold" box="[276,411,1736,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Harold, E. (1868) Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 3, 80 - 87." type="journal article" year="1868">Harold 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 82
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC3721B6F9694905F97B" author="Harold" box="[689,887,1736,1758]" page="1001" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1869">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC3721B6F969494AF97B" author="Harold" box="[689,824,1736,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Harold, E. (1869) Scarabaeidae. In: Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. (Eds.), Catalogus Coleopterorum Hucusque Descriptorum Synonymicus et Systematicus. Vol. 4. E. H. Gummi, Munich, pp. 979 - 1346." type="book" year="1869">Harold 1869</bibRefCitation>
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: 1001
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalogue);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC372706F9684EEFF97B" author="Bates" box="[1025,1181,1736,1758]" page="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC372706F9684E0BF97B" author="Bates" box="[1025,1145,1736,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Bates, H. W. (1887) Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 432 pp." type="book" year="1887">Bates 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 42
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</treatmentCitation>
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(taxonomic comments);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC3723C0F94D4BC1F8A7" author="Waterhouse" box="[199,435,1772,1794]" page="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1890">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC3723C0F94D4BF3F8A7" author="Waterhouse" box="[199,385,1772,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1890) Descriptions of new species of Pedaria, with observations on allied Scarabaeidae The Annals and Magazine of natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 6, 374 - 380." type="journal article" year="1890">Waterhouse 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: 379
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</treatmentCitation>
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(taxonomic comments);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC3721BBF94D492EF8A7" author="Gillet" box="[700,860,1772,1794]" page="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC3721BBF94D4945F8A7" author="Gillet" box="[700,823,1772,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. (1911) Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. W Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1911">Gillet 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 49
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalogue);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC3720EEF94D4EACF8A7" author="Blackwelder" box="[1001,1246,1772,1794]" page="203" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1944">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC3720EEF94D4EDEF8A7" author="Blackwelder" box="[1001,1196,1772,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
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: 203
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD01E3CB171CC372663F94D4B40F883" author="Cook" page="631" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE045DCB171CC372663F94D4A8DF883" author="Cook" pageId="1" pageNumber="506" refString="Cook, J. (1998) A revision of the Neotropical genus Bdelyrus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 130, 631 - 689. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 130631 - 5" type="journal article" year="1998">Cook 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 631
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</treatmentCitation>
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(taxonomic comments); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 186, 190 (checklist); Vaz-de-Mello 2008: 12, 13 (systematic position); Vaz-de-Mello
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB171CC3722C1F8944B81F8EF" box="[454,499,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="506">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011: 4, 13, 21, 28, 36, 43, 49 (identification keys).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6BA6B172CC342390FF36495FFF15" box="[151,813,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCE382DB172CC342390FF36495FFF15" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" box="[151,813,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342390FF364B5CFF15" bold="true" box="[151,302,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
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<typeStatus id="54CA868FB172CC342390FF364AA1FF15" box="[151,211,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC34223AFF3948F9FF15" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" box="[317,651,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidum">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC34223AFF394843FF15" box="[317,561,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Aphengium sordidum</emphasis>
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Harold
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6BA6B172CC3423C0FF1D4E36FEE5" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCE382DB172CC3423C0FF1D4E36FEE5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3423C0FF1D4B4FFF70" bold="true" box="[199,317,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Pronotum (especially at sides) and elytra densely pilose, with long setae. Last abdominal sternite expanded and crowding out other sternites along midline; other sternites visible only laterally (Fig. 3). Hypomera deeply excavated anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC34218BFEA548A8FEB9" box="[652,730,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,195,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,195,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hypomera of Aphengium sordidum Harold; FIGURE 2. Metatibia of A. ibateguara sp. nov.; FIGURE 3. Male abdominal ventrites of A. ibateguara sp. nov.; FIGURE 4. Pygidium of A. sordidum; FIGURE. 5. Male protibial spur of A. sordidum; FIGURE 6. Female protibial spur of A. sordidum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244418/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Profemur lacking trochantofemoral anterior pit. These characters distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC34229FFE894868FEE5" box="[408,538,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC34229FFE894868FEE5" box="[408,538,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Aphengium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from all other New World
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<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342056FE86499AFEE5" box="[849,1000,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
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genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6BA6B172CC3423C0FEED4872F9F5" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCE382DB172CC3423C0FEED4E8BFB05" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
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||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3423C0FEED4B26FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,340,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342263FEED4BD3FEC0" bold="true" box="[356,417,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Body</emphasis>
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. Oval to elongate-oval (viewed dorsally). Dorsal surface with foveiform punctures and dense setae.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342228FECE4BF1FE2D" bold="true" box="[303,387,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Colour</emphasis>
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. Black or reddish brown, matte or with silky sheen.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342702FECE4E2EFE2D" bold="true" box="[1029,1116,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Length</emphasis>
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. Small (
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<quantity id="4C8995C8B172CC3427C1FECE4F4FFE2D" box="[1222,1341,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
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).
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342653FECE4FE7FE2D" bold="true" box="[1364,1429,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Head</emphasis>
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. Clypeus bidentate; clypeal teeth separated by either a narrow or broad emargination (
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<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342761FE354E97FE09" box="[1126,1253,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,207,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Aphengium sordidum Harold; 7. Male (dorsal view); 8. Female (dorsal view); 9. Male head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 10. Female head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 11. Male pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion); 12. Female pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
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). Medial part of clypeal surface concave. Margin between clypeal teeth and clypeogenal suture almost straight. Margin of gena strongly curved outward, with a groove along its margin. Clypeogenal suture distinct. Frontoclypeal carina inconspicuous. Eyes comma-shaped in dorsal view; interocular width at least 12 times the eye width (
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<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342637FE5E4AC5FD98" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,209,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1422,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Aphengium cupreum Shipp; 13. Male (dorsal view); 14. Female (dorsal view); 15. Male head; 16. Female head; 17. Male pronotum; 18. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244420/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 15– 16</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3423CAFD854B3AFD98" bold="true" box="[205,328,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Pronotum</emphasis>
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. Convex. Foveiform punctures variable according to species, dense or sparse. Punctures larger and closer on lateral and posterior portions of pronotum. Lateral pronotal impressions with a small rounded tubercle, poorly differentiated from surrounding surface. Posteromedian pronotal fossae absent.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3427EAFDCD4F30FD20" bold="true" box="[1261,1346,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Elytra.</emphasis>
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Lateral margins slightly curved outwards. Elytral striae narrow, carinate margins close and almost contiguous. Interstriae flattened, with foveiform punctures surrounded by microgranulation. Pseudepipleural carina complete, visible for entire length of epipleuron.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3421DDFD76492AFD55" bold="true" box="[730,856,727,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Pygidium almost horizontal and rounded at apex (Figs. 3–4), completely emarginated, visible in ventral view; emargination bounded internally by a groove.
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<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342390FCBE4AA2FC9D" bold="true" box="[151,208,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Profemur lacking trochantofemoral anterior pit. Meso and metafemur emarginated along its anterior margin. Protibia subtriangular, flat, with three external teeth; apical internal angle straight; margin of apical tooth continuous (not forming angle) with apical truncation. External margin of protibia lacking denticles between its base and the basal tooth. Meso and metatibia strongly widened at apex, subtriangular (Fig. 2). Length of basal metatarsomere subequal to that of following two tarsomeres combined (Fig. 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC34261CFC0E4B00FC48" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Female clypeal teeth more triangular, longer and more acute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC34273EFC754EEBFC49" box="[1081,1177,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,207,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Aphengium sordidum Harold; 7. Male (dorsal view); 8. Female (dorsal view); 9. Male head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 10. Female head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 11. Male pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion); 12. Female pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3427A2FC754EB6FC48" box="[1189,1220,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,209,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1422,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Aphengium cupreum Shipp; 13. Male (dorsal view); 14. Female (dorsal view); 15. Male head; 16. Female head; 17. Male pronotum; 18. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244420/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3427C8FC754E9CFC49" box="[1231,1262,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,198,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1414,186,1923]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Aphengium ibateguara sp. nov.; 19. Male (dorsal view); 20. Female (dorsal view); 21. Male head; 22. Female head; 23. Male pronotum; 24. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3427FDFC754F6AFC49" box="[1274,1304,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[162,1424,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Aphengium curtum sp. nov.; 25. Male (dorsal view); 26. Female (dorsal view); 27. Male head; 28. Female head; 29. Male pronotum (arrow shows anterolateral portion of pronotum with a longitudinal and sleek callus); 30. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">28</figureCitation>
|
||
) than those of males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC34220FFC564B2AFBB5" box="[264,344,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,207,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Aphengium sordidum Harold; 7. Male (dorsal view); 8. Female (dorsal view); 9. Male head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 10. Female head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 11. Male pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion); 12. Female pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342262FC564BF6FBB5" box="[357,388,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,209,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1422,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Aphengium cupreum Shipp; 13. Male (dorsal view); 14. Female (dorsal view); 15. Male head; 16. Female head; 17. Male pronotum; 18. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244420/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342297FC594BDDFBB5" box="[400,431,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,198,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1414,186,1923]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Aphengium ibateguara sp. nov.; 19. Male (dorsal view); 20. Female (dorsal view); 21. Male head; 22. Female head; 23. Male pronotum; 24. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244421/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3422BDFC594BA8FBB5" box="[442,474,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[162,1424,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Aphengium curtum sp. nov.; 25. Male (dorsal view); 26. Female (dorsal view); 27. Male head; 28. Female head; 29. Male pronotum (arrow shows anterolateral portion of pronotum with a longitudinal and sleek callus); 30. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protibial spur spiniform and conical in females (Fig. 6). Male protibial spur wider, spatuliform (Fig. 5). Anterior angle of pronotum more acute in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3420E7FBBD4E33FB91" box="[992,1089,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[171,1409,207,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Aphengium sordidum Harold; 7. Male (dorsal view); 8. Female (dorsal view); 9. Male head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 10. Female head (arrow shows foveiform punctures along midline); 11. Male pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion); 12. Female pronotum (arrow shows punctures on central portion)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342749FBBD4E1FFB91" box="[1102,1133,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,209,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1422,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 18. Aphengium cupreum Shipp; 13. Male (dorsal view); 14. Female (dorsal view); 15. Male head; 16. Female head; 17. Male pronotum; 18. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244420/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC34277DFBBD4EE9FB91" box="[1146,1179,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[162,1424,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Aphengium curtum sp. nov.; 25. Male (dorsal view); 26. Female (dorsal view); 27. Male head; 28. Female head; 29. Male pronotum (arrow shows anterolateral portion of pronotum with a longitudinal and sleek callus); 30. Female pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differences between the sexes in the head and pronotum punctures vary according to species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3420F8FB9E4E06FBFD" bold="true" box="[1023,1140,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Aedeagus</emphasis>
|
||
. Parameres symmetrical, short or elongate, simple, without ornamentation or setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342030FBC549B6FBD9" box="[823,964,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 34" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1136,1158]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,193,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1436,193,1115]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 34. Aedeagus of Aphengium; 31. A. sordidum (arrow shows dorsal margin of parameres curved inward at its apical third); 32. A. cupreum; 33. A. ibateguara sp. nov.; 34. A. curtum sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244423/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 31–34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) sigmoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC342204FB264BE2FB05" box="[259,400,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 36" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[217,1390,211,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[196,1390,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 36. Superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) of Aphengium; 35. A. sordidum; 36. A. cupreum; Figures 37 – 40. Fronto-lateral peripheral sclerite (FLP) of Aphengium; 37. A. sordidum; 38. A. cupreum; 39. A. ibateguara sp. nov.; 40. A. curtum sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Figs. 35–36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fronto-lateral peripheral sclerite (FLP) with irregular shape (Figs. 37–40).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE382DB172CC3423C0FB0D4F65FA39" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3423C0FB0D4875FB60" bold="true" box="[199,519,1196,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC34219DFB0D496EFB61" box="[666,796,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC34219DFB0D496EFB61" box="[666,796,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Aphengium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabit wet forests, particularly at lower altitudes and mainly in coastal parts of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. However, each species appears to be distributed within one defined region of Atlantic rainforest, with three distribution gaps between them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A24A8B172CC3427FDFB554F27FAA9" box="[1274,1365,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,201,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[167,1419,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 41. Known distribution of Aphengium Harold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244425/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). The northern gap includes the coastal region located between the São Francisco river and the Todos os Santos bay, separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342213FA9D4BC0FAF1" box="[276,434,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibateguara" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342213FA9D4BC0FAF1" box="[276,434,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. ibateguara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2365944B172CC3422BDFA9D4867FAF1" box="[442,533,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3422BDFA9D487DFAF0" bold="true" box="[442,527,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342149FA9D48B2FAF1" box="[590,704,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342149FA9D48B2FAF1" box="[590,704,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. curtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2365944B172CC3421C0FA9D496EFAF0" box="[711,796,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3421C0FA9D496EFAF0" bold="true" box="[711,796,1340,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.. The central gap includes the area between the mouths of the Pardo and Mucuri rivers, separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342196FAC14976FADD" box="[657,772,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342196FAC14976FADD" box="[657,772,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. curtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2365944B172CC34200AFAFE4919FADD" box="[781,875,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC34200AFAFE4919FADD" bold="true" box="[781,875,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC3420A0FAC14E5EFADD" box="[935,1068,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3420A0FAC14E5EFADD" box="[935,1068,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. cupreum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The southern gap includes the region between the Paraíba do Sul river and Guanabara bay, separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC3420CCFA254E3CFA39" box="[971,1102,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC3420CCFA254E3CFA39" box="[971,1102,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. cupreum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342782FA254F62FA39" box="[1157,1296,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342782FA254F62FA39" box="[1157,1296,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">A. sordidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE382DB172CC3423C0FA094872F9F5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">
|
||
So far, extensive sampling in some lower elevation parts of the Atlantic forest located within these gaps have not produced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7143AEB172CC342273FA6D4B84FA41" box="[372,502,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphengium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905E43FB172CC342273FA6D4B84FA41" box="[372,502,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="507">Aphengium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We examined dung beetles from Sapiranga forest reserve in the first gap. In the second gap numerous field trips have been made to Porto Seguro and neighboring areas. Finally, in the third gap there are historical collections of dung beetles from the São Fidélis region but no recent extensive collecting in lower altitude forest fragments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |