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<document id="A611E54CD18278EAAF0DA1E9F21EEFB5" ID-CLB-Dataset="22317" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.52" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6540f8d-3339-4120-a443-0ff7abecd6c8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814424" ID-ZooBank="4FFA63DB-C2AC-4732-9D28-B5B007F28F5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588882417983" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña-Santiago, Reyes, Ciobanu, Marcel &amp; Abolafia, Joaquin" docDate="2013" docId="03A6D2333232FF83FD887672FDC652F0" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-52.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pungentus silvestris" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF9FAA4B3239FF8EFFCA724AFFD15516" masterDocTitle="Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698838976842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="01DD11039D3BB81907470628FA3B64D2">Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A97BA4B9FE32CA3F900C63D38893E8D1">Peña-Santiago, Reyes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DEFE1248629248367F9E7D45DA65775C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE3232FF85FD887672FC205147" box="[578,1009,1079,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FD887672FC205147" blockId="11.[578,1009,1079,1141]" box="[578,1009,1079,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0F8D4493232FF85FD887672FC205147" box="[578,1009,1079,1106]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FD887672FC205147" authority="(de Man, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[578,1009,1079,1106]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FD887672FCE55144" bold="true" box="[578,820,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pungentus silvestris</emphasis>
(de 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FCA27672FC385147" author="Man J. G. de" box="[872,1001,1079,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="439 - 464" refId="ref7796" refString="Man J. G. de. 1912. Helminthologische Beitrage. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Jena 15: 439 - 464." type="journal article" year="1912">Man, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FD187610FCB85162" blockId="11.[578,1009,1079,1141]" box="[722,873,1114,1141]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="13347FA03232FF85FD187610FCC75163" box="[722,790,1114,1141]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[251,1358,269,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[225,1377,244,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian Pungentus species. – A-C. Pungentus clavatus Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1979. – D-H. Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950). – I-K. Pungentus marietani Altherr, 1950. – L-N. Pungentus silvestris Coomans &amp; Geraert, 1962. – A, D, I, L. ♀, anterior region in lateral median view. B, E, J, M. ♀, genital system. C, G, K, N. ♀, posterior body region. F. ♂, posterior body region. H. ♀, caudal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814426/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1</figureCitation>
L-N, 6
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<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF7776ECFDB651A9" blockId="11.[189,615,1189,1216]" box="[189,615,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F440B3232FF85FF7776ECFDB651A9" box="[189,615,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAE45343232FF85FF7776ECFE2A51A9" author="Goodey T." box="[189,507,1189,1216]" page="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1943">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63232FF85FF7776ECFE2A51A9" authority="Goodey, 1943: 6" authorityName="Goodey" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1943" box="[189,507,1189,1216]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF7776ECFEFE51D6" box="[189,303,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. thornei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43232FF85FEFC76EFFE2A51A9" author="Goodey T." box="[310,507,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="6 - 9" refId="ref7603" refString="Goodey T. 1943. Pungentus thornei n. sp., a new dorylaimid nematode from soil. Journal of Helminthology 20: 6 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 00034830" type="journal article" year="1943">Goodey, 1943: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1-6.
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<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF7776ADFEE75017" blockId="11.[189,310,1255,1281]" box="[189,310,1255,1281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF7776ADFEE75017" bold="true" box="[189,310,1255,1281]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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This species is characterized by the length of its body (
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), the lip region being offset by a constriction and 12-18 μm wide, an odontostyle being 30-38 μm long and 2.3-2.7 times lip region width or 1.7-1.9% of total body length, neck length of 366-507 μm, a pharyngeal expansion 160-247 μm long or 46-56% of total neck length, a mono-opisthodelphic female genital system, a uterus being a simple tube 
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long or 2.1-2.7 times the body diameter, 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FC9777E9FCBE50AA" box="[861,879,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V</emphasis>
= 39-46, and the female tail rounded (26-34 μm, 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF38778CFF2E50C9" box="[242,255,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c</emphasis>
= 43-90, 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FEB8778CFE5850F6" box="[370,393,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c’</emphasis>
= 0.7-1.0).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF77744DFE7B5337" bold="true" box="[189,426,1543,1569]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF77747CFC395359" blockId="11.[189,1000,1589,1616]" box="[189,1000,1589,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Twenty females from two locations, in various states of preservation.</paragraph>
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<heading id="D0F8D4493232FF85FF77743DFE505387" bold="true" box="[189,385,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF77743DFE505387" bold="true" box="[189,385,1655,1681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Morphometrics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF7774ECFE9D53D6" blockId="11.[189,332,1701,1728]" box="[189,332,1701,1728]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
See 
<tableCitation id="C68D569E3232FF85FF2474EFFE9753D6" box="[238,326,1701,1728]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@2.[189,1401,350,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of Iberian populations of the genus Pungentus Thorne &amp; Swanger, 1936. Measurements in μm (except L, in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF7774ADFE9F5217" blockId="11.[189,334,1767,1793]" box="[189,334,1767,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0F8D4493232FF85FF7774ADFE9F5217" bold="true" box="[189,334,1767,1793]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF7774ADFE9F5217" bold="true" box="[189,334,1767,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253232FF85FF20755CFE945226" blockId="11.[189,1399,1814,2016]" box="[234,325,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373232FF85FF20755CFE945226" bold="true" box="[234,325,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Slender nematodes of medium size, 
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long. Habitus after fixation ventrally curved, especially in posterior body region, C- or G-shaped. Body cylindrical, tapering towards the anterior end. Cuticle three-layered, 2.0-3.0 μm in anterior region, 2.5-3.0 μm at mid-body and 6.0-8.0 μm on dorsal side of tail; its outer layer with very fine transverse striations and intermediate layer distinctly thicker than inner and outer ones. Lateral chord 
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wide or occupying one-fifth to one-fourth (19-24%) of mid-body diameter, very granular but lacking any differentiation. Lateral pores obscure in the specimens examined; ventral pores well perceptible (
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) along the entire body. Lip region offset by constriction, 2.1-2.6 times as wide as high and 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FC8C7319FCB8547A" box="[838,873,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ca.</emphasis>
one-third (29-35%) of body diameter at neck base. Lips mostly amalgamated and rounded; labial and cephalic papillae distinct, but not especially protruding above cephalic contour. Amphid fovea cup-shaped, opening at level of cephalic constriction, occupying 8-9 μm or about three-fifths (55-62%) of lip region diameter. Cheilostome almost cylindrical, its walls distinctly thicker and sclerotized at the anterior half; perioral refractive dots or platelets very prominent. Odontostyle 12.2-14.8 times as long as wide, 2.1-2.4 times longer than lip region diameter or 1.7-1.9% of total body length; aperture 4.0-5.5 μm long or 13-18% of its length. Odontophore rodlike, hardly shorter (0.9 times) than odontostyle. Guiding ring double, located at 21-23 μm or 1.6 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx enlarging gradually; basal expansion 7.3-9.6 times as long as wide and 4.4-5.6 times the corresponding body diameter long, occupying about one-half (48-56%) of total neck length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei located as follows: DO = 48-52, DN = 50-54, S 
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N 
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= 71, S 
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N 
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=?, S 
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N = 88-89. Nerve ring at 124-160 μm from anterior end or 31-37% of total neck length. Cardia rounded conoid, 13-18 x 14-17 μm. Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic. Anterior branch reduced to a very short pre-vulval, uterine sac 8-17 μm long or less than half (0.2-0.4 times) the body diameter. Posterior branch well developed, 176-498 μm long: ovary 98-240 μm long, with oocytes first in two or more rows, then in one row; oviduct 75-122 μm long, or 1.7-2.3 times the body diameter, consisting of a slender portion with prismatic cells and a moderately developed 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FA8871CCFEF156D4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pars dilatata.</emphasis>
Sphincter distinct between oviduct and uterus. Uterus apparently a simple tube 
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long or 2.1-2.7 times the body diameter. Vagina extending inwards 23-27 μm or about one-half (50-58%) of body diameter; 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FEBD71A5FDE1511F" box="[375,560,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pars proximalis</emphasis>
almost as long as wide, 14-17 x 12-14 μm, with convergent walls and enveloped by weak circular musculature; 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FD6A7659FC83513A" box="[672,850,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pars refringens</emphasis>
with two weakly sclerotized pieces, 3.5-4.0 x 5 μm, and with a combined width of about 9-10 μm; 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FCC6767CFC4D5159" box="[780,924,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pars distalis</emphasis>
3.0-3.5 μm long. Vulva a pre-equatorial, short transverse slit, preceded by a depression of the body surface. A prevulval, gland-like structure (‘paravulva’) present in one specimen (
<figureCitation id="13347FA03234FF83FD417631FD0F5180" box="[651,734,1147,1174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,337,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,336,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Pungentus silvestris (de Man, 1912) (♀, LM). A-C. Anterior region in median lateral view. D. Lip region in surface lateral view. E, I. Vagina and pre-vulval uterine sac. F-G: Posterior genital branch. H. Pharyngeal expansion. J. Caudal region. (Scale bars: A-E, I, J = 10 µm; F-H = 50 µm)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814436/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
). Prerectum 3.1-3.7, rectum 0.8-1.2 anal body diameters long. Tail short and rounded. Caudal pores two pairs, one sublateral, another subdorsal, at the middle of the tail.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7033AD3235FF82FF777529FB3352D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814436/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1891,1917]" targetBox="[189,1398,337,1849]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BB063253235FF82FF777529FB3352D2" blockId="12.[189,1399,1891,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FF777529FEDD526B" bold="true" box="[189,268,1891,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63235FF82FEDE752EFD13526B" authority="(de Man, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[276,706,1891,1918]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FEDE752EFDD0526B" box="[276,513,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pungentus silvestris</emphasis>
(de 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43235FF82FDF2752EFD6B526B" author="Man J. G. de" box="[568,698,1891,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="439 - 464" refId="ref7796" refString="Man J. G. de. 1912. Helminthologische Beitrage. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Jena 15: 439 - 464." type="journal article" year="1912">Man, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(♀, LM). 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FC8A7529FCA5526B" bold="true" box="[832,884,1891,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A-C</emphasis>
. Anterior region in median lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FA907529FABE526B" bold="true" box="[1370,1391,1891,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
. Lip region in surface lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FD8175CDFD8E52B7" bold="true" box="[587,607,1927,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FDA675CDFDA652B7" bold="true" box="[620,631,1927,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
. Vagina and pre-vulval uterine sac. 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FBD275CCFB9A52B6" bold="true" box="[1048,1099,1926,1952]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F-G</emphasis>
: Posterior genital branch. 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FF7775E0FF0552D2" bold="true" box="[189,212,1962,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
. Pharyngeal expansion. 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373235FF82FE3975E0FDD352D2" bold="true" box="[499,514,1962,1988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
. Caudal region. (Scale bars: A-E, I, J = 10 µm; F-H = 50 µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF207749FEFB500B" blockId="13.[189,317,1283,1345]" box="[234,298,1283,1309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FF207749FEFB500B" bold="true" box="[234,298,1283,1309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF77776DFEEC5056" blockId="13.[189,317,1283,1345]" box="[189,317,1318,1345]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Not found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3234FF83FF777722FC2B532B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF777722FE875094" blockId="13.[189,342,1384,1410]" box="[189,342,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0F8D4493234FF83FF777722FE875094" bold="true" box="[189,342,1384,1410]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FF777722FE875094" bold="true" box="[189,342,1384,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF7777DCFC2B532B" blockId="13.[189,1399,1430,1598]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
This species has been collected from two locations in the southern Iberian Peninsula: the province of Jaén, Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park, near the road to the Segura river source (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23234FF83FAE277F0FF0350E1" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="38.283333">38°17’ N</geoCoordinate>
- 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23234FF83FF227797FE9C50E1" box="[232,333,1501,1527]" degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-2.65">2°39’ W</geoCoordinate>
), in association with pine forest; and the province of 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FC7B7797FBC650E1" box="[945,1047,1501,1527]" name="Grenada" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Granada</collectingCountry>
, Sierra Nevada National Park, near the road from Capileira to Veleta (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23234FF83FD53744AFCD6530C" box="[665,775,1536,1563]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="36.95">36°57’ N</geoCoordinate>
- 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B05E23234FF83FCEF744AFC5D530C" box="[805,908,1536,1562]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="-3.35">3°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
), in a pine forest and among herbaceous plants where the dominant species was 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FD467469FC27532B" authority="Miller, 1768" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[652,1014,1571,1597]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xanthorrhoeaceae" genus="Asphodelus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albus">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FD467469FC8B532B" box="[652,858,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Asphodelus albus</emphasis>
Miller, 1768
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3234FF83FF77742FFDC652F0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF77742FFEFE5369" blockId="13.[189,303,1637,1663]" box="[189,303,1637,1663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0F8D4493234FF83FF77742FFEFE5369" bold="true" box="[189,303,1637,1663]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FF77742FFEFE5369" bold="true" box="[189,303,1637,1663]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF7774D9FAA653E5" blockId="13.[189,1399,1683,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The present description fits those available from the literature. It agrees especially well with the redescription of the species by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FDD474FCFCBB53C7" author="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E." box="[542,874,1718,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref7507" refString="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E. 1962. Some species of Dorylaimoidea found in Belgium. Nematologica 8: 233 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1962">Coomans &amp; Geraert (1962)</bibRefCitation>
. These authors regarded 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FB5D74FDFF2953E2" authority="Goodey, 1943" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1943" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FB5D74FDFADA53C6" box="[1175,1291,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. thornei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FADE74FCFF2953E2" author="Goodey T." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 9" refId="ref7603" refString="Goodey T. 1943. Pungentus thornei n. sp., a new dorylaimid nematode from soil. Journal of Helminthology 20: 6 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 00034830" type="journal article" year="1943">Goodey, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FDC47490FD4353E2" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[526,658,1754,1780]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FDC47490FD4353E2" box="[526,658,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an action that seems to be totally justified and herein accepted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB063253234FF83FF777556FDC652F0" blockId="13.[189,1399,1819,2022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FF777556FE775223" baseAuthorityName="de Man" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[189,422,1819,1845]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FF777556FE775223" box="[189,422,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pungentus silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be a cosmopolitan species. It has been reported from many European countries such as 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FED67574FE50524E" box="[284,385,1854,1880]" name="Belgium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FE5B7574FD19524F" author="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E." box="[401,712,1854,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref7507" refString="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E. 1962. Some species of Dorylaimoidea found in Belgium. Nematologica 8: 233 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1962">Coomans &amp; Geraert 1962</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FD177574FC93524E" box="[733,834,1854,1880]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FC917574FBF8524E" author="Ilieva Z. I &amp; Iliev I. L. &amp; Georgieva S. S." box="[859,1065,1854,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref7699" refString="Ilieva Z. I, Iliev I. L. &amp; Georgieva S. S. 1993. Description of the male of Pungentus silvestris (de Man, 1912) Coomans et Geraert, 1962 (Nordidae: Nematoda) from Bulgaria. Nematologia Mediterranea 21: 211 - 214." type="journal article" year="1993">
Ilieva 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FC627575FC32524E" box="[936,995,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FBF57574FB7D524E" box="[1087,1196,1854,1880]" name="Denmark" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FB777574FA80524E" author="Yeates G. W." box="[1213,1361,1854,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="178 - 189" refId="ref8339" refString="Yeates G. W. 1972. Nematoda of a Danish beech forest. Oikos 23: 178 - 189." type="journal article" year="1972">Yeates 1972</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FF777528FEE1526D" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1943" box="[189,304,1889,1915]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FF777528FEE1526D" box="[189,304,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. thornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FE837528FE67526A" box="[329,438,1890,1916]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FE0D752BFDB2526D" author="Altherr E." box="[455,611,1889,1915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="247 - 320" refId="ref7211" refString="Altherr E. 1968. Nematodes de la nappe phreatique du reseau fluvial de la Saale (Thuringe) et psammiques du Lac Stechlin (Brandebourg du nord). Limnologica (Berlin) 6: 247 - 320." type="journal article" year="1968">Altherr 1968</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FD5B7528FCD5526D" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1943" box="[657,772,1889,1915]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FD5B7528FCD5526D" box="[657,772,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. thornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FCD4752BFC85526D" box="[798,852,1889,1915]" name="Italy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FCAE752BFB89526A" author="Marinari A. &amp; Vinciguerra M. T. &amp; Vovlas N. &amp; Zullini A." box="[868,1112,1889,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref7818" refString="Marinari A., Vinciguerra M. T., Vovlas N. &amp; Zullini A. 1980. Nematodi delle brughiere piemontesi. Quaderni sulla &quot; Struttura delle zoocenosi terrestri &quot;. La brughiera pedemontana. III. C. N. R. AQ / I / 116: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="1980">
Marinari 
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FC1F7528FBC0526D" box="[981,1041,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FBA4752BFB6E526D" box="[1134,1215,1889,1915]" name="Poland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Poland</collectingCountry>
(Winiszewska- Slipinska 1987), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FE4675CFFE0B5289" box="[396,474,1925,1951]" name="Russia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FE2675CFFC525289" author="Skarbilovich T. S. &amp; Ovsjukova I. N." box="[492,899,1925,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="122 - 125" refId="ref8003" refString="Skarbilovich T. S. &amp; Ovsjukova I. N. 1989. Nematodi rastenii i pochv chukotki. Bulletin Vsesosyolo ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni instituta gelmintologii im. K. I. Skriabina 50: 122 - 125." type="journal article" year="1989">Skarbilovich &amp; Ovsjukova 1989</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FC5675CFFC0E5289" box="[924,991,1925,1951]" name="Spain" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FC3B75CFFAFF5289" author="Monreal J. I. &amp; Campoy A." box="[1009,1326,1925,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref7873" refString="Monreal J. I. &amp; Campoy A. 1982. Estudio faunistico del macizo de Quinto Real. VI. Nematodos (Nematoda). Publicaciones de Biologia de la Universidad de Navarra, Serie Zoologica 8: 51 pp." type="book" year="1982">Monreal &amp; Campoy 1982</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FAAB75CFFEC352D4" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1943" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FAAB75CFFEC352D4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. thornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FEE275E2FE3852D4" box="[296,489,1960,1986]" name="Netherlands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(de 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FDD375E2FD4352D4" author="Man J. G. de" box="[537,658,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="439 - 464" refId="ref7796" refString="Man J. G. de. 1912. Helminthologische Beitrage. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Jena 15: 439 - 464." type="journal article" year="1912">Man 1912</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FD5675E2FC1952D4" author="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E." box="[668,968,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref7507" refString="Coomans A. &amp; Geraert E. 1962. Some species of Dorylaimoidea found in Belgium. Nematologica 8: 233 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1962">Coomans &amp; Geraert 1962</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FC1875E2FBA452D4" author="Bongers T." box="[978,1141,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref7415" refString="Bongers T. 1988. De nematoden van Nederland. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht." type="book" year="1988">Bongers 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53234FF83FB7875E2FAA652D4" box="[1202,1399,1960,1986]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43234FF83FF0F7581FEB952F3" author="Goodey T." box="[197,360,1995,2021]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 9" refId="ref7603" refString="Goodey T. 1943. Pungentus thornei n. sp., a new dorylaimid nematode from soil. Journal of Helminthology 20: 6 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 00034830" type="journal article" year="1943">Goodey 1943</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63234FF83FE5E7586FDD752F3" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1943" box="[404,518,1995,2021]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thornei">
<emphasis id="B97BBF373234FF83FE5E7586FDD752F3" box="[404,518,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. thornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>