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<document id="9E40007A9F6FE496D09823170097C49B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis &amp; Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF1C60EFF2A63A3FE40E947" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus elegans Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="76AA1ADD691BEF3BF0D4F3468A6EB390" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9C8CDC809ABBC788E93ACC0D6D421570">
<mods:title id="28EA1D375F18B88BDC8EEB73052C429B">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="70CC2C194C33C422458963CE198D6C45" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A190AF162813BE46E17570BE7CD40729">
<mods:roleTerm id="DEC394B540E2C917A7B6F65D5DF37966">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="29AB2721EEEE14063DFAD8D162C97206">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="83C15FBF4285EAC9D615AEB4821FDEEF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CED472F472D852ED47B26D081AE48C43">
<mods:roleTerm id="E6952BDF5E40B13685670F9EF5CC1677">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="50B118204FA1322441D2ED31B58FFE90">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A9D8B40047C9FB48B6C65A99B9525E64">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A73FBF7B3CFB7D4005BE7CD09C0DF0C2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="1D83A51C1E0B988A9613ADBA4AECDFE1">
<mods:title id="FEFC63A3E9B9A9862AA8A3E123FC127C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ACE2BBCDD636FA45260BA192ADB07E78">
<mods:date id="47DC7BD957F78B1999474C203F025DFB">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E5D2A297D2479CF646DF701B5F3C0250" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B419BC0CDF3DEB0AB8A3E3DCBBB76604">2774</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="165D4A0868030B37E46EEDA851148E0E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C3D343393997FF46A0F00F45CCBD3FF9">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BDA2B38F5D6A9AFC590ADCD63AB9915C">47</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BA845104409A0570017E9142CB125B14">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4D1468189F94464351D46688D970A914" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B49DB973F6581A0A6C754CA688ED5BE" type="GBIF-Dataset">a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F70D1373B90D401EC1AABEE0F2BE1E0D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="08FE9ECBFE90E1F9CD7DBFC5C79C2213" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A487F3FFF1C60EFF2A63A3FE40E947" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF1C60EFF2A63A3FE40E947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF1C60EFF2A63A3FE40E947" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF2A63A3FCE6EEC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF2A63A3FC95EEA6" blockId="3.[151,837,1187,1246]" box="[151,822,1187,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0FA8189FFF1C608FF2A63A3FC95EEA6" bold="true" box="[151,822,1187,1214]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A63A3FC95EEA6" bold="true" box="[151,822,1187,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF2A63A3FD72EEA6" authority="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" box="[151,721,1187,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A63A3FECAEEA5" bold="true" box="[151,361,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus elegans</emphasis>
Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFF1C608FD6563A4FC95EEA6" box="[728,822,1187,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF2A63C1FCE6EEC5" blockId="3.[151,837,1187,1246]" box="[151,837,1222,1246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF1C608FF2263C1FF4AEEC5" box="[159,233,1222,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 3B, 5J, 6B, 8A,10F, 13A, 15A, 16A, 17B, 18A–B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF2A620DFD8CED02" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF2A620DFD7EEFE2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1289,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A620DFEE6EF39" bold="true" box="[151,325,1289,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FF2A620DFF71EF39" box="[151,210,1290,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FEF0620EFE16EF3A" box="[333,437,1289,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
̩ (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF1C608FE5F620EFD91EF3A" box="[482,562,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans, female. (B) Synergus elegans, male. (C) Synergus laticephalus, female. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus, female (E) Synergus ramoni, male. (F) Synergus ramoni, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276894/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FB18620EFB46EF3A" box="[1189,1253,1289,1313]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF1C608FB48620EFAECEF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1269,1359,1289,1313]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNCN</collectionCode>
), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2095).
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FE1B6229FD83EF5D" box="[422,544,1326,1350]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Chiriquí, Boquete, El Salto,
<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF1C608FCDB622AFBB0EF5E" box="[870,1043,1325,1349]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="8.792245">8º 47' 32.08” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF1C608FBA3622AFB7DEF5E" box="[1054,1246,1325,1349]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-82.4603">82º 27' 37.09” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FB55622AFAE5EF5E" box="[1256,1350,1325,1349]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4309999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1431.0">1,431 m</quantity>
; ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF2A6256FCE1EF72" authority="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,834,1361,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castroviejoi">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF2A6256FE13EF72" box="[151,432,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amphibolips castroviejoi</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010
</taxonomicName>
on twigs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FC696255FAC5EF72" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[980,1382,1361,1385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FC696255FB09EF72" box="[980,1194,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
Née (Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, gall collected
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FEB96272FED7EF96" box="[260,372,1397,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-05-07">07.v.2008</date>
, E. Medianero leg.
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FDEF6271FD60EF95" box="[594,707,1398,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 33, 7̩, same data as
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FC756272FB8DEF96" box="[968,1070,1397,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 13, 1̩, same data as
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FA8E6272FA3BEF96" box="[1331,1432,1397,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, except for being collected at the road to Volcancito,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FD61629EFC99EFAA" box="[732,826,1433,1457]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.404" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1404.0">1,404 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FCFB629EFC10EFAA" box="[838,947,1433,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-01-31">31.i.2008</date>
. Ten
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FC53629DFBFAEFA9" box="[1006,1113,1434,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF1C608FB18629EFB5FEFAA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1189,1276,1433,1457]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNCN</collectionCode>
, one male and one female
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FEA762B9FED9EFCD" box="[282,378,1470,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FCC662BAFC77EFCE" box="[891,980,1469,1493]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF1C608FC5E62BAFB94EFCE" box="[995,1079,1469,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MEUP</collectionCode>
). 1̩
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FBC962B9FB77EFCD" box="[1140,1236,1470,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of the
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF1C608FA9962B9FAF7EFCD" box="[1316,1364,1470,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
series was dissected for SEM observation (in the
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF1C608FDC562E6FD72EFE2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[632,721,1505,1529]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A6102FD8CED02" blockId="3.[151,1437,1289,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Additional non-type material: 43, 8̩, ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD616102FAF0EC06" authority="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2010" box="[732,1363,1541,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aliciae">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD616102FC1DEC06" box="[732,958,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amphibolips aliciae</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FA3C6101FED6EC5A" authority="Boquete" authorityName="Boquete" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FA3C6101FEA4EC5A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. salicifolia</emphasis>
, Boquete
</taxonomicName>
, road to Volcancito,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FDE4612EFD64EC5A" box="[601,711,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-01-25">25.i.2009</date>
; 1̩, same data, collected
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FC56612EFBF4EC5A" box="[1003,1111,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-01-12">12.i.2008</date>
. 13,7̩, ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FAB3612EFD05EC7E" authority="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicifoliae">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FAB3612EFEB0EC7E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amphibolips salicifoliae</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2010
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD6E6149FBA6EC7E" authority="Volcan Baru" authorityName="Volcan Baru" box="[723,1029,1613,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD6E6149FCC4EC7E" box="[723,871,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. salicifolia</emphasis>
, Volcan Baru
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FBAF614AFBD2EC7E" box="[1042,1137,1613,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2070.0">2,070 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FBC2614AFB4FEC7E" box="[1151,1260,1613,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-01-28">28.i.2009</date>
; ex gall
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FAF36149FF13EC92" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FAF36149FA3FEC7E" box="[1358,1436,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
., on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF566175FD96EC92" authority="Volcan Baru" authorityName="Volcan Baru" box="[235,565,1649,1673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF566175FE35EC92" box="[235,406,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. bumelioides</emphasis>
, Volcán Barú
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FDFF6176FD01EC92" box="[578,674,1649,1673]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0789999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3079.0">3,079 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FD0D6176FC80EC92" box="[688,803,1649,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-10-23">23.x.2008</date>
. 23, 4̩, ex gall unidentified genus on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FB576175FE8BECB6" authority="Volcan Baru" authorityName="Volcan Baru" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FB576175FA37EC92" box="[1258,1428,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. bumelioides</emphasis>
, Volcán Barú
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FE856192FE38ECB6" box="[312,411,1685,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0789999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3079.0">3,079 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FE166192FDBDECB6" box="[427,542,1685,1709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-10-23">23.x.2008</date>
. 23, 4̩, ex gall
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD496192FC0AECB6" box="[756,937,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD496192FC26ECB6" box="[756,901,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disholcaspis</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
. on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FC5F6191FA85ECB6" authority="Renacimiento" authorityName="Renacimiento" box="[994,1318,1685,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FC5F6191FBD7ECB6" box="[994,1140,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. lancifolia</emphasis>
, Renacimiento
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FA886192FA34ECB6" box="[1333,1431,1685,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1270.0">1,270 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FF2A61BEFEA7ECCA" box="[151,260,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2009-01-22">22.i.2009</date>
. 5̩, ex gall unidentified genus on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD2B61BDFC7CECCA" authority="Volcan Baru" authorityName="Volcan Baru" box="[662,991,1721,1745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD2B61BDFCE2ECCA" box="[662,833,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. bumelioides</emphasis>
, Volcán Barú
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FC5661BEFB3BECCA" box="[1003,1176,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1,800–2,000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FB1861BEFABBECCA" box="[1189,1304,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-10-23">23.x.2008</date>
. 33,4̩, ex gall
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A61DAFED4ECEE" box="[199,375,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FF7A61DAFEFBECEE" box="[199,344,1757,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disholcaspis</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
., Volcán Barú,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF1C608FD9E61DAFD6EECEE" box="[547,717,1757,1781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1,800–2,000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FD6461DAFCE6ECEE" box="[729,837,1757,1781]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-01-30">30.i.2008</date>
. 13, 4̩, ex gall of an unidentified genus on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FA8461D9FE3EED02" authority="Boquete, Palmira" authorityName="Boquete, Palmira" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FA8461D9FF69ED02" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Q. lancifolia</emphasis>
, Boquete, Palmira
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF1C608FE156006FD88ED02" box="[424,555,1793,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2008-07-19">19.vii.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C608FF7A6022FC09ED26" box="[199,938,1829,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C608FF7A6022FC09ED26" blockId="3.[151,1437,1289,2033]" box="[199,938,1829,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A6022FEE4ED26" box="[199,327,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A6022FEE3ED25" bold="true" box="[199,320,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Named after the elegant, polished aspect of this wasp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF1C60FFF7A604EFBF4EBEF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF1C60FFF7A604EFE28EB7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1289,2033]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FF7A604EFE59ED79" bold="true" box="[199,506,1865,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
Together with
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD0F604DFC0AED7A" box="[690,937,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticephalus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD0F604DFC0AED7A" box="[690,937,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus laticephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFF1C608FC0E604DFC51ED7A" box="[947,1010,1866,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FBBC604DFBD7ED7A" box="[1025,1140,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FBBC604DFBD7ED7A" box="[1025,1140,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a distinctive group that is readily distinguished from the remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF1C608FD136069FCB7ED9E" box="[686,788,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF1C608FD136069FCB7ED9E" box="[686,788,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Synergus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF1C608FC126069FBA8ED9E" box="[943,1035,1902,1925]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Panama</collectingCountry>
. Their main distinguishing morphological features are as follows: head transverse-trapezoid, frontal carinae absent, horizontal sculpture of the mesopleuron not extended into the speculum, scutellum margined laterally and posterodorsally, coriarious sculpture on the mesoscutum, notauli narrow and widely separated posteriorly, scutellar foveae quadrangular and shallow; basal tooth of the metatarsal claws short, radial cell short and wide, ambiguously closed, and apical setae of the hypopigial spine extending far beyond the apex. Of the known Nearctic species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF6C60FFBFD67BAFB12EACF" box="[1088,1201,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFBFD67BAFB12EACF" box="[1088,1201,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF6C60FFA9367BAFE39EAEC" authority="Beutenmuller" authorityName="Beutenmuller" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanopsidis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFA9367BAFF45EAE3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. castanopsidis</emphasis>
(Beutenmüller)
</taxonomicName>
in some characters, such as the smaller extension of the horizontal sculpture of mesopleuron (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B14FFF6C60FFF776603FDB5EB07" author="Pujade-Villar" box="[202,534,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Melika, G. (2005) Synergus castanopsidis (Beutenmuller, 1918) and Synergus mexicanus Gillette, 1896, two conflictive cynipid inquilines species from America (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 37, 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="2005">Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika 2005</bibRefCitation>
), but differs in many other characters, such as the total absence of frontal carinae and the radial cell being ambiguously closed. We have also seen undescribed materials from
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF6C60FFB0C6620FAA5EB24" box="[1201,1286,295,319]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mexico</collectingCountry>
belonging to this distinctive group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A6677FBF4EBEF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF6C60FFF7A6677FE28EB93" box="[199,395,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFF7A6677FE28EB93" box="[199,395,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Synergus elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species that is common, highly generalist with regard to host gall preferences, and displays a high degree of morphological variability. Variation is related to its coloration, the visibility of the median mesoscutal impression, the ratio of F1/F2, and characters of the forewing venation. It remains possible that more than one cryptic species could be involved under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF6C60FFC9066DAFC3DEBEF" box="[813,926,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFC9066DAFC3DEBEF" box="[813,926,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as here defined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF6C60EFF7A66F8FAB7E844" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A66F8FD43E90F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFF7A66F8FEFAE803" bold="true" box="[199,345,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</emphasis>
Body length (measured from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the metasoma)
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF6C60FFF5F6523FEE5E827" box="[226,326,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.96">1.96 mm</quantity>
(range 1.66–2.22; N = 9) for females;
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF6C60FFD4B6523FCF9E827" box="[758,858,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.76">1.76 mm</quantity>
(range 1.34–1.90; N = 4) for males. Head predominantly yellowish or orange, frons and vertex medially, the entire occiput, clypeus medially and teeth of mandibles black; lateral areas of face and genae yellow-red. Mesosoma and metasoma of female shining black, except for a rufous coloration on the lateral and basal areas of the metasoma; tegulae yellow. Antenna and legs entirely yellowish, excepting metacoxae with brownish or blackish coloration more or less extended. Forewing hyaline, with yellow pale veins. Male with similar coloration to female but black coloration on face extended only on the ocelar triangle, and is also less extended on the metacoxae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A6427FCDEEEDF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF6C60FFF7A6427FEBDE923" bold="true" box="[199,286,800,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female</emphasis>
. Head in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFD9F6418FDC7E92C" box="[546,612,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1413,1436]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,196,1391]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1392]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head dorsal view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus laticephalus. (D) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276879/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) 2.1 times wider than long. Gena not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.5 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by about 2 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFE186460FE45E964" box="[421,486,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A) wide, trapezoid, 1.4 times wider than high, genae straight, not expanded. Face weakly pubescent. Face with marked, regular, irradiating carinae from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; the carinae are present laterally but lacking dorsomedially on the face. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, slightly sinuate, not projecting over mandibles (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFC6964D3FBB5E9F7" box="[980,1046,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Anterior tentorial pits visible; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal lines indistinct. Malar space 0.6 times height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye 1.1 times width of antennal socket including rim. Frons delicately coriarious, not punctuate, without visible frontal carinae (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFB476347FAE6EE43" box="[1274,1349,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 3B). Vertex and occiput, dorsally and laterally coriarious, without rugae or punctures. Gula relatively long; distance between occipital foramen and oral foramen slightly longer than the height of the occipital foramen. Hypostomal sulci meeting at dorsal part of gula, close to the occipital foramen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A63D7FEFBEF2B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFEEA63D7FE36EEF3" box="[343,405,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Mandibles strong, exposed; right mandible with three teeth; left with two teeth. Cardo of maxilla visible, maxillary stipes about 1.5 times longer than wide. Maxillary palp five-segmented. Labial palp three-segmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A623BFC94EFFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Antenna with 14 segments (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFDB8623BFDE9EF4F" box="[517,586,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
J); flagellum not broadening towards apex; with relatively long, erect setae and placodeal sensilla visible on flagellar segments F6–F12. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 26:17.5:33.5:26:25:23:20.5:18:16:15.5:15:15:14:23; Pedicel 1.7 as long as wide; F1 1.3 times as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 2.5 times longer than wide, 1.6 times as long as F11. Placodeal sensillae on F8–F11 disposed in one single row of 2–4 visible sensillae in each flagellomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A62F6FAB5ED6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Mesosoma. Pronotum with sparse short pubescence. Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally = 0.25. Pronotal plate (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFEFE6113FE26EC37" box="[323,389,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A) indistinct dorsally; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, without a lateral pronotal carina. Lateral surface of pronotum with coriarious sculpture. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFC02613FFBA7EC4B" box="[959,1028,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A) with weak alutaceous-imbricate sculpture. Notauli shallowly impressed and narrow, posteriorly not wider than transscutal fissure; faint in anterior one third, not strongly converging posteriorly, widely separated at meeting with the trasscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression very faint or completely absent, sometimes indicated as a shallow median depression. Anteroadmedian signa virtually invisible. Scutellar foveae superficial, shallowly impressed, the shape is more or less quadrangular, their anterior margins straight and laterally forming and angle about 90° contra the transscutal fissure; posterior margins indistinct. Scutellum with alutaceous-imbricate sculpture; dorsal surface with a distinct sharp margin posteriorly and posterolaterally (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFD116033FD52ED57" box="[684,753,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A, 10F). Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFBBE6033FBF5ED57" box="[1027,1110,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F) with longitudinal, regular striae relatively weak, the interspaces smooth, the sculpture not extended into the speculum (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF6C60FFB18605FFB54ED6B" box="[1189,1271,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF6C60FFF7A607BFD46EDC7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus meeting posterior margin of mesopectus at about 2/3 of height of metapectal-propodeal complex. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel. Median propodeal areas smooth and pubescent. Nucha dorsally sulcate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A679FFDAEEACF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Legs. Tarsal claw (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFE206790FE4EEAB4" box="[413,493,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A) with base produced into a secondary acute tooth relatively short, measuring less than 1/2 of length of apical tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A67D8FA9BEB24" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFEFF67D8FE37EAEC" box="[322,404,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B). Slightly longer than body. Radial cell 2.4 times longer than wide. R1 depigmented along marginal cell, the radial cell appearing ambiguously closed (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFCEB6603FC0FEB07" box="[854,940,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B); areolet indistinct; vein Rs+M invisible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a moderately long fringe of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A664AFDE7EBEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFEF6664BFE38EB7F" box="[331,411,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A). As long as head plus mesosoma. First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally and laterally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, without micropunctures, covering almost the entire metasoma; anteromedian area only with a row of 5-7 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine clearly extended beyond attachment of lateral flap (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFD3D66B0FD73EBD4" box="[640,720,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hypopygium ventral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus luteus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus mesoamericanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276891/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A); lateral setae of hypopigial spine long and sparse spaced; apical setae projected beyond apex spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A6507FAB7E844" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A6507FEA7E803" bold="true" box="[199,260,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFEAF66F8FEC7E80C" box="[274,356,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans, female. (B) Synergus elegans, male. (C) Synergus laticephalus, female. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus, female (E) Synergus ramoni, male. (F) Synergus ramoni, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276894/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
B). Similar to female except as follows: Antenna 15-segmented; F1 weakly curvate and excavate medially, slightly expanded apically (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF7C60EFD826523FD27E827" box="[575,644,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Placodeal sensillae present on flagellomeres 2-13, arranged in one row of 2-5 sensillae. Relative length of antennomeres: 25:20:36:27:25:24:21:20:20:19:17:17:16:16:22.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF7A656CFEC0E8BC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A656CFEC0E8BC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A656CFEC3E89F" bold="true" box="[199,352,619,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
Chiriquí region of
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF7C60EFD86656AFD34E89F" box="[571,663,621,644]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
, near
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF7C60EFD67656BFCFBE89F" box="[730,856,620,644]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, from an altitude of
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF7C60EFB82656BFB38E89F" box="[1087,1179,620,644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1200.0">1,200 m</quantity>
near Boquete to
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF7C60EFAE0656BFF0EE8BC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
in Volcan Barú.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF7C60EFF7A65B4FE40E947" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF7C60EFF7A65B4FE40E947" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF7A65B4FE84E8D7" bold="true" box="[199,295,691,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology.</emphasis>
This new species is a generalist inquiline attacking a wide array of cynipid galls from different genera. Our data indicated that it is very common in galls of the three Panamanian species of
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFB1E65DFFA94E8EB" box="[1187,1335,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFB1E65DFFA90E8EB" box="[1187,1331,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amphibolips</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and it is also a frequent inquiline in galls of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFD2A65FBFC8BE90F" box="[663,808,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFD2A65FBFC8BE90F" box="[663,808,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFC8865FAFC20E90F" box="[821,899,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFC8865FAFC20E90F" box="[821,899,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cynips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other Panamanian cynipid genera. The host galls are detachable. The host plants of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFD356427FD45E92C" box="[648,742,800,823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFD356427FD45E92C" box="[648,742,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section attacked by the host gall inductor belong to both the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFF2A6442FF56E947" box="[151,245,837,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFF2A6442FF56E947" box="[151,245,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF7C60EFE966443FED8E947" box="[299,379,836,860]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Ulvaceae" genus="Lobata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ulvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF7C60EFE966443FED8E947" box="[299,379,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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