117 lines
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117 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="19952F6755F3CDCE8319380704A31FDD" ID-CLB-Dataset="2869" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab021" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9ad2cd5f-60d4-4c02-819f-fea89dda74f7" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799206" ID-ZooBank="A93B7D7A-1F8E-4E59-B86D-67814E01F797" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640158773547" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shiganova, Tamara A. & Abyzova, Galina A." docDate="2022" docId="03A38E58FFABAB395C843A912215B24E" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab021.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Beroe BROWNE 1756" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="FF9AF620FFADAB3F5F2B3B55270AB74E" masterDocTitle="Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1699472940828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4BE6AFC8FCBE1E1B8C8BDD826B75D30C">Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="061D8BF1FC5EAB93B2571A35F788E96E">Shiganova, Tamara A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="319EEECE9E6C5EE91BD9201CFBAD5655">Abyzova, Galina A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="83DAF18FB360870D95EA17E60D12ADCA">
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<mods:date id="FE63C21EFC0A4BE063E0B08FB4CD911C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3302C401CD30BB0EBC06AC278D0C005">2021-08-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9593326C6E951A54121E6B33BC054924">194</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A38E58FFABAB395C843A912215B24E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191711119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5799210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38E58FFABAB395C843A912215B24E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38E58FFABAB395C843A912215B24E" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFABAB395C843A912200B693" box="[943,1290,452,477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFABAB395C843A912200B693" blockId="6.[943,1290,452,477]" box="[943,1290,452,477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">
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<heading id="D0FD8822FFABAB395C843A912200B693" box="[943,1290,452,477]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" reason="2">
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GENUS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395B273A902200B693" ID-CoL="7NQPN" authority="BROWNE, 1756" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[1036,1290,452,477]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395B273A902350B692" box="[1036,1114,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">BEROE</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395B4A3A912200B693" author="Browne P" box="[1121,1290,452,477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" refId="ref14791" refString="Browne P. 1756. The civil and natural history of Jamaica. London: printed for the author and sold by L. T. Osborne and J. Shipton, The author, 490." type="book" year="1756">BROWNE, 1756</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106CC5FFABAB395C023AB92215B24E" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB53F4EFFABAB395C023AB92215B24E" blockId="6.[809,1426,492,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">
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Representatives of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395B193AB92392B54C" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1074,1176,492,514]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Beroida</taxonomicName>
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and Cydipida are presumed to be the most primitive species among the Ctenophora because of the absence of a transmission stage, like true larva, which exist in the Orders
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395C02393223C1B533" authority=", Cestida and Platyctenida" authorityName="Cestida and Platyctenida" box="[809,1227,615,637]" class="Tentaculata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="order">Lobata, Cestida and Platyctenida</taxonomicName>
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(Aggasiz, 1865;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395C0239D324FCB5D2" author="Greve W & Stockner J & Fulton J" box="[809,1014,646,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="251 - 258" refId="ref15921" refString="Greve W, Stockner J, Fulton J. 1976. Towards a theory of speciation in Beroe. In: Mackie GO, ed. Coelenterate ecology and behavior. New York: Springer, 251 - 258." type="book chapter" year="1976">
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Greve
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395C5D39D324BAB5D5" box="[886,944,646,667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1976
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395B2F39D323A5B5D5" author="Harbison GR" box="[1028,1199,645,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="78 - 100" refId="ref16074" refString="Harbison GR. 1985. On the classification and evolution of the Ctenophora. In: Conway Morris S, ed. Origins and relationships of lower invertebrates. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 78 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1985">Harbison 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395B9639D32288B5D5" author="Podar M & Haddock SH & Sogin ML & Harbison GR" box="[1213,1410,646,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="218 - 230" refId="ref18282" refString="Podar M, Haddock SH, Sogin ML, Harbison GR. 2001. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the phylum Ctenophora using 18 S rRNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21: 218 - 230." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Podar
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395A2239D32249B5D5" box="[1289,1347,646,667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The phylogeny of ctenophores is still controversial and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395C7539962341B597" author="Simion P & Bekkouche N & Jager M & Queinnec E & Manuel M" box="[862,1099,707,729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="102 - 114" refId="ref19286" refString="Simion P, Bekkouche N, Jager M, Queinnec E, Manuel M. 2015. Exploring the potential of small RNA subunit and ITS sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Ctenophora. Zoology 118: 102 - 114." type="journal article" year="2015">
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Simion
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395C90399124FDB596" box="[955,1015,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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have suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395A643991229BB597" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[1359,1425,708,729]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395A643991229BB597" box="[1359,1425,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">Beroe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is perhaps not monophyletic. All representatives of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395C0238542460B458" authorityName="BROWNE" authorityYear="1756" box="[809,874,769,790]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395C0238542460B458" box="[809,874,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">Beroe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have an oval or conical body shape beginning from the aboral part and a wide-flaring mouth with a large stomodeum. They have eight meridional and two paragastral canals that originate from the funnel and extend down to the middle of the broad sides of the body. Inside the mouth of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395B9A38CF2204B4FE" authorityName="Eschscholtz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1201,1294,922,944]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Beroida</taxonomicName>
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, macrocilia are located. They are finger-shaped, compound, ciliary organelles (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395C9B38822354B4A3" author="Horridge GA" box="[944,1118,983,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="351 - 364" refId="ref16241" refString="Horridge GA. 1965. Macrocilia with numerous shafts from the lips of the ctenophore Beroe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 162: 351 - 364." type="journal article" year="1965">Horridge, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395B4038822281B4A2" author="Harbison GR & Madin LP" box="[1131,1419,983,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="707 - 715" refId="ref16138" refString="Harbison GR, Madin LP. 1982. Ctenophora. In: Parker SP, ed. Synopsis and classification of living organisms, 1. New York: McGraw-Hill, 707 - 715." type="book chapter" year="1982">Harbison & Madin, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395C0238A324BFB345" author="Tamm SL" box="[809,949,1014,1035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="266 - 358" refId="ref19477" refString="Tamm SL. 1982. Ctenophores. In: Shelton GG, ed. Electrical conduction and behaviour in simple invertebrates. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 266 - 358." type="book chapter" year="1982">Tamm, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). A single macrocilium contains hundreds or thousands (depending on the species) of hexagonally packed 9 + 2 axonemes, organized into many parallel rows (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395C443F072364B329" author="Tamm SL & Tamm S" box="[879,1134,1106,1127]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="79 - 89" refId="ref19509" refString="Tamm SL, Tamm S. 1993. Diversity of macrociliary size, tooth patterns, and distribution in Beroe (Ctenophora). Zoomorphology 113: 79 - 89." type="journal article" year="1993">Tamm & Tamm, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). Most
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395BEC3F072269B326" box="[1223,1379,1106,1128]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395BEC3F07220DB329" box="[1223,1287,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">Beroe</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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are pink, especially along the meridional canals and comb-rows. All
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A44CDFFABAB395CF63FC52373B3EB" box="[989,1145,1167,1189]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B97EE35CFFABAB395CF63FC52314B3EB" box="[989,1054,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="303">Beroe</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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are highly luminescent and flashing with blue-green light along the comb rows. Most of them are simultaneous hermaphrodites, capable of self-fertilization (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B42BFFFABAB395B4C3FBE2205B24E" author="Mianzan HW" box="[1127,1295,1259,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="303" pagination="561 - 573" refId="ref17318" refString="Mianzan HW. 1999. Ctenophora. In: Boltovskoy D, ed. South Atlantic zooplankton. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 561 - 573." type="book chapter" year="1999">Mianzan, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |