treatments-xml/data/03/8D/91/038D9122FFA7FFB727F7BFC91CC0FD8F.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<document id="5987DAB01ED6B74251001F0B8AC1EA20" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4093.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f3bf67e-288b-4e6d-8819-878a6852c8be" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264159" ID-ZooBank="A88B7833-D381-468C-A230-A2CD6FF6611A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458854112847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chatzidimitriou, Evangelia, Simonato, Mauro, Watson, Gillian W., Martinez-Sañudo, Isabel, Tanaka, Hirotaka, Zhao, Jing &amp; Pellizzari, Giuseppina" docDate="2016" docId="038D9122FFA7FFB727F7BFC91CC0FD8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4093.4.5.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4093 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phenacoccus defectus Ferris 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="541" masterDocId="FFB4E95AFFA6FFB52760BA631870FFB2" masterDocTitle="Are Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) distinct species?" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="539" pageNumber="540" updateTime="1698186157335" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9EE9C4FABD96568618ADD9D504D8BED3">Are Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) distinct species?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8DA409F6DC8269BA6632C7F0990B4D7">Chatzidimitriou, Evangelia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78D4940500BDACCB90E58805017A99CE">Simonato, Mauro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2A5B8AB17BAC5ABDB93488A615DE41D">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA7A1C8561CB145B788C13DD64884DA4">Martinez-Sañudo, Isabel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5FA160C336E51E521633CA335177737">Tanaka, Hirotaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="325DC94F3B3AF5A214DCA68E01437529">Zhao, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF89FE08D38EB69939A6AB8E7DAAC4CA">Pellizzari, Giuseppina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0F9635B5B81AB2FD2987211EA9CEA695">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D9122FFA7FFB727F7BFC91CC0FD8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6063198" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119290684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6063198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D9122FFA7FFB727F7BFC91CC0FD8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D9122FFA7FFB727F7BFC91CC0FD8F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<subSubSection id="C33E73BFFFA7FFB427F7BFC91DF2F950" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA7FFB427F7BFC91A4EFA77" blockId="1.[151,574,1450,1477]" box="[151,574,1450,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<heading id="D0D39758FFA7FFB427F7BFC91A4EFA77" bold="true" box="[151,574,1450,1477]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB427F7BFC91A4EFA77" ID-CoL="4G28G" authority="Ferris, 1950" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,574,1450,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB427F7BFC91A4EFA77" bold="true" box="[151,574,1450,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB427F7BFC919D1FA76" bold="true" box="[151,417,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Phenacoccus defectus</emphasis>
Ferris, 1950
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA7FFB427F7BF921DF2F950" blockId="1.[151,1436,1521,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB427F7BF9219E1F9BB" box="[151,401,1521,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB427F7BF9219E1F9BB" box="[151,401,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Phenacoccus defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from specimens collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB424C7BF921D0AF9B8" box="[935,1402,1521,1546]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eriophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertiflorum">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB424C7BF921C91F9BB" box="[935,1249,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Eriophyllum confertiflorum</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
in California, Santa Clara County, Permanente Creek (Ferris 1950). Permanente Creek is just
<quantity id="4CDC8DD1FFA7FFB423D6BC751D50F99C" box="[1206,1312,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1499008" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" unit="mi" value="3.2">3.2 miles</quantity>
from Palo Alto, the
<typeStatus id="549F9E96FFA7FFB4279EBC59195EF9E0" box="[254,302,1594,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB426CDBC591A78F9E3" box="[429,520,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">P. s o l an i</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB4257ABC5A1B60F9E3" box="[538,784,1593,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB4257ABC5A1B60F9E3" box="[538,784,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Phenacoccus defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was subsequently recorded from several other localities in California (McKenzie 1967) and
<collectingCountry id="F33360A4FFA7FFB4256EBC3E1A13F9C4" box="[526,611,1629,1654]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Williams and Granara de Willink 1992). The first European record of
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB422E7BC3D1883F92B" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB422E7BC3D1883F92B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">P. defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was from
<collectingCountry id="F33360A4FFA7FFB4260FBCE11A74F928" box="[367,516,1665,1690]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
in 1997, indoors, on
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB4259BBCE21B1CF92B" box="[763,876,1665,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB4259BBCE21B1CF92B" box="[763,876,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Echeveria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other succulent plants (Malumphy 1997). In 2006 it was recorded from southern
<collectingCountry id="F33360A4FFA7FFB4252EBCC51AEAF90F" box="[590,666,1702,1725]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">France</collectingCountry>
(Germain &amp; Matile Ferrero 2006) and from 2009 onward,
<collectingCountry id="F33360A4FFA7FFB42209BCC61DECF90C" box="[1385,1436,1701,1726]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Italy</collectingCountry>
(Pellizzari &amp; Porcelli 2013). In 2012 it was reported from the Ryukyu Islands of
<collectingCountry id="F33360A4FFA7FFB42340BCA91C10F953" box="[1056,1120,1738,1761]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Tanaka &amp; Uesato 2012).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA7FFB427A7BC8E1B04F808" blockId="1.[151,1436,1521,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB427A7BC8E19B7F8B7" box="[199,455,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB427A7BC8E19B7F8B7" box="[199,455,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Phenacoccus defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develops on plants belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB424C1BC8D1C6FF8B4" box="[929,1055,1774,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42352BC8E1C9EF8B4" box="[1074,1262,1773,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chenopodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chenopodiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42263BC8E1DE8F8B4" box="[1283,1432,1773,1798]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB427F7BD721930F898" box="[151,320,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42633BD7219CEF898" box="[339,446,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB426B0BD721AE2F898" box="[464,658,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrophyllaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hydrophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB425C5BD721B51F898" box="[677,801,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42453BD711BFFF89B" box="[819,911,1810,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB424B4BD721D03F898" authority="Garcia et al. 2016" authorityName="Garcia et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[980,1395,1809,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Polygonaceae (García
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42380BD711D50F89B" box="[1248,1312,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
2016)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB427F7BD56195CF8FC" box="[151,300,1845,1870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
, it has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42533BD551B5DF8FF" box="[595,813,1845,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Aeonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42533BD551B5DF8FF" box="[595,813,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Aeonium arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB4245FBD561CD9F8FF" box="[831,1193,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB4245FBD561C5AF8FF" box="[831,1066,1845,1869]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mactridae" genus="Crassula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="portulacea">Crassula portulacea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42358BD561CD9F8FF" box="[1080,1193,1845,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Echeveria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42384BD551D03F8FF" box="[1252,1395,1846,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="craigiana">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42384BD551D03F8FF" box="[1252,1395,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">E. craigiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB422E4BD551960F8C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB422E4BD551960F8C3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">E. longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42640BD3919F6F8C3" box="[288,390,1881,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42640BD3919F6F8C3" box="[288,390,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">E. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB426F7BD391A54F8C3" box="[407,548,1882,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB426F7BD391A54F8C3" box="[407,548,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">E. recurvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42554BD391AA1F8C3" box="[564,721,1881,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Echeveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42554BD391AA1F8C3" box="[564,721,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">E. sessiliflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB42581BD3A1BFCF8C3" box="[737,908,1881,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Sedum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmeri">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB42581BD3A1BFCF8C3" box="[737,908,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Sedum palmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA7FFB424A8BD391CBCF8C3" box="[968,1228,1882,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Sempervivum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorum">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA7FFB424A8BD391CBCF8C3" box="[968,1228,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Sempervivum tectorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(McKenzie 1967; Williams &amp; Granara da Willink 1992; Malumphy 1997; Pellizzari &amp; Porcelli 2013). The species is parthenogenetic and ovoviviparous (Malumphy 1997; Pellizzari &amp; Porcelli 2013).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA4FFB727A7BAF41915FF4A" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
Comparison of the host ranges of
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB7253EBAFA1AB2FF02" box="[606,706,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB7253EBAFA1AB2FF02" box="[606,706,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. solani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB72463BAFA1B0FFF02" box="[771,895,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB72463BAFA1B0FFF02" box="[771,895,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that they share the same host families (including
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB72670BADF19D4FF67" box="[272,420,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Ji &amp; Suh 2012) except for
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB72583BADF1BD5FF67" box="[739,933,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrophyllaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hydrophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
, on which only
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB72335BADE1CB8FF66" box="[1109,1224,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. d ef e ct us</emphasis>
has been recorded (McKenzie 1967).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA4FFB727A7BB671D61FE47" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
The aim of this study was to examine whether
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB72596BB661B00FEAE" box="[758,880,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB72596BB661B00FEAE" box="[758,880,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB724CFBB661C60FEAE" box="[943,1040,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. s ol an i</emphasis>
are distinct species, and if so, to discover a reliable means of separating them. A morphological analysis of adult females of the two species was performed to see whether these nominal species form separate populations, and to identify any consistent morphological differences between them. Williams &amp; Granara de Willink (1992) used circulus size and shape, and the number of antennal segments to help separate
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB725A4BBF61B24FE1E" box="[708,852,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solenopsis">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB725A4BBF61B24FE1E" box="[708,852,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. solenopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB724F7BBF61B86FE1E" box="[919,1014,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB724F7BBF61B86FE1E" box="[919,1014,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. solani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Hodgson
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB723FABBF61CA2FE1E" box="[1178,1234,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) found that both these characters were too variable to be reliable for diagnosis. Neither of these unreliable characters have been used in the past to distinguish between
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB7252EBBBE1AB6FE46" box="[590,710,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB7252EBBBE1AB6FE46" box="[590,710,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB7259CBBBE1B13FE46" box="[764,867,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB7259CBBBE1B2EFE46" box="[764,862,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">P. solani</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
so they were not used in this analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B2034FFA4FFB727A7B8631CC0FD8F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
A molecular analysis using the mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S genes was carried out on specimens from different parts of the world to determine whether
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB725A0B8461B47FD8E" box="[704,823,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defectus">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB725A0B8461B47FD8E" box="[704,823,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. defectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C245BB7FFA4FFB7240DB8461BBDFD8E" box="[877,973,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Phenacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solani">
<emphasis id="B950FC26FFA4FFB7240DB8461BBDFD8E" box="[877,973,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">P. solani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>