treatments-xml/data/03/8D/1B/038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4.xml

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<mods:title id="211FCFE6C4AE3EF208E47AC8A418C681">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0D31D721361FF86FED7FBAA35CBFD24" bold="true" box="[264,931,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1361FF86FED7FBAA35CBFD24" ID-CoL="3SLXT" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,931,1044,1070]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura" subGenus="Biannulata">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FED7FBAA35CBFD24" bold="true" box="[264,931,1044,1070]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FED7FBAA34D8FD24" bold="true" box="[264,688,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Latrunculia (Biannulata) kaikoura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1361FF86FD67FBAA35CBFD24" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[696,931,1044,1070]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FCFFFBAA353CFD24" bold="true" box="[800,852,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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(Figs 6F, 7, 10C, 10D; 
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&amp; 
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51361FF86FD42FB8934C4FD5B" box="[669,684,1079,1105]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1361FF86FED7FB3934A0FD97" ID-CoL="3SLXT" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,712,1158,1182]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FED7FB393783FD94" box="[264,491,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Latrunculia kaikoura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1361FF86FE2DFB3834A0FD97" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[498,712,1158,1182]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FD92FB393414FD94" box="[589,636,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
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, PG. 166, 
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1361FF86FCEFFB383518FD97" box="[816,880,1158,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIG. 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="549F14BC1361FF86FED7FB703712FDE2" box="[264,378,1230,1256]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
Not examined, 
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FD41FB6E34B6FDED" box="[670,734,1232,1255]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
H­797 (97 
<specimenCode id="DB8202651361FF86FC8BFB6E35F7FDED" box="[852,927,1232,1255]" collectionCode="KK" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">KK3­1</specimenCode>
), Niwa collection.
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</paragraph>
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Additional 
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material.
</emphasis>
Not examined, 
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P­1265 (97 
<specimenCode id="DB8202651361FF86FBECFB463214FC05" box="[1075,1148,1272,1295]" collectionCode="KK" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">KK1­1</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FB4BFB4632BCFC05" box="[1172,1236,1272,1295]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FB01FB463451FC3F" collectionCode="KK" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="KK2-4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
P­1266 (97 
<specimenCode id="DB8202651361FF86FEF3FAA03711FC3F" box="[300,377,1310,1333]" collectionCode="KK" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">KK2­4</specimenCode>
), Niwa collection
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1361FF86FEE7FAFA3512FFB8" blockId="63.[264,1323,1230,1875]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FEE7FAFA3413FC54" bold="true" box="[312,635,1348,1374]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FD5DFAF832B6FC57" box="[642,1246,1350,1373]" collectionCode="NZOI" location="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FD5DFAF834A9FC57" box="[642,705,1350,1373]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
stn W452 (cross ref. 
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56) unidentified sponge in
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<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FB3AFAF83343FC57" box="[1253,1323,1350,1373]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection, 
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; 
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, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FD02FAD03531FC8F" box="[733,857,1388,1414]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="120.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1361FF86FD02FAD03531FC8F" box="[733,857,1388,1414]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="120.0">120–180 m</elevation>
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, collected on the 
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<collectingDate id="EFDE75361361FF86FBCBFAD032F9FC8F" box="[1044,1169,1390,1413]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1995-02-22">22/02/1995</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FB7DFAD03578FCDA" collectingDate="1960-12" collectionCode="NZNM" collectorName="James Graham" country="New Zealand" elevation="90" location="Ts" municipality="North" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="POR 567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Otago">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FB7DFAD03298FC8F" box="[1186,1264,1390,1413]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB8202651361FF86FB28FAD03758FCA1" collectionCode="NZNM" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">POR 567</specimenCode>
(cross ref. 
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99) unidentified sponge in NZM collection, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641361FF86FC41FA2A35B4FCA1" box="[926,988,1428,1451]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">North</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49E064FC1361FF86FC3CFA2A324FFCA1" box="[995,1063,1428,1451]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Otago</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1361FF86FBEDFA2A32ACFCA1" box="[1074,1220,1428,1451]" name="New Zealand" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FAD0FA2A3777FCDA" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="90.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1361FF86FAD0FA2A3777FCDA" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81361FF86FE69FA07343FFCDA" box="[438,599,1465,1488]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">James Graham</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF9A8CDE1361FF86FDBCFA073578FCDA" box="[611,784,1465,1488]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1960-12">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361361FF86FDBCFA073578FCDA" box="[611,784,1465,1488]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1960-12">December 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FCC3FA073401FF11" collectionCode="NZNM" collectorName="C. Morrish &amp; B. King" country="New Zealand" elevation="156" latitude="-47.368168" location="Ts" longLatPrecision="63" longitude="169.19167" municipality="Ibukimaru" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="POR 566" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FCC3FA073502FCDA" box="[796,874,1465,1488]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB8202651361FF86FCADFA0735BEFCDA" box="[882,982,1465,1488]" collectionCode="NZNM" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">POR 566</specimenCode>
(cross ref. 
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100) unidentified sponge in NZM collection, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1361FF86FD18FA603537FCFF" box="[711,863,1502,1525]" name="New Zealand" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FBDFFA6032EAFCFF" box="[1024,1154,1502,1525]" degrees="169" direction="east" minutes="11.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="92" value="169.19167">169º 11.5'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FB05FA60334EFCFF" box="[1242,1318,1502,1525]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="156.0">
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</quantity>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81361FF86FE50F9BA346BFF11" box="[399,515,1540,1563]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. Morrish</collectorName>
/ 
<collectorName id="26D1CFC81361FF86FDCEF9BA3401FF11" box="[529,617,1540,1563]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">B. King</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FDA7F9BA32B7FF11" box="[632,1247,1540,1563]" collectionCode="NZOI" country="New Zealand" location="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FDA7F9BA34D0FF11" box="[632,696,1540,1563]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
stn D196 (cross ref. 
<location id="8EFBFCC51361FF86FC4AF9BA35C6FF11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4:8EFBFCC51361FF86FC4AF9BA35C6FF11" box="[917,942,1540,1563]" country="New Zealand" name="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ts</location>
54.1) unidentified sponge in
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FB3AF9BA327DFF4A" collectingDate="1964-01-23" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="110" latitude="-50.916668" longLatPrecision="1093" longitude="166.35" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FB3AF9BA3343FF11" box="[1253,1323,1540,1563]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FEA0F99737B1FF4A" box="[383,473,1577,1600]" degrees="50" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="-50.916668">50º 55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FE39F997342FFF4A" box="[486,583,1577,1600]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="166.35">166º21'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FD49F99734B3FF4A" box="[662,731,1577,1600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="110.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1361FF86FD49F99734B3FF4A" box="[662,731,1577,1600]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected on the 
<date id="FF9A8CDE1361FF86FC47F997327DFF4A" box="[920,1045,1577,1600]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-23">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361361FF86FC47F997327DFF4A" box="[920,1045,1577,1600]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-23">23/01/1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FBF9F9973417FF6F" collectionCode="NZOI" country="New Zealand" location="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FBF9F997320EFF4A" box="[1062,1126,1577,1600]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
stn D194.2 (cross ref. 
<location id="8EFBFCC51361FF86FEECF9F03724FF6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4:8EFBFCC51361FF86FEECF9F03724FF6F" box="[307,332,1614,1637]" country="New Zealand" name="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ts</location>
53.1) unidentified sponge in
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FD59F9F037C5FF81" collectingDate="1964-01-22" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="95" latitude="-50.733334" longLatPrecision="1094" longitude="166.35" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FD59F9F034A3FF6F" box="[646,715,1614,1637]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FC96F9F035CCFF6F" box="[841,932,1614,1637]" degrees="50" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="-50.733334">50º 44'S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FC70F9F03270FF6F" box="[943,1048,1614,1637]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="166.35">166º 21'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FBBAF9F032F5FF6F" box="[1125,1181,1614,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="95.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1361FF86FBBAF9F032F5FF6F" box="[1125,1181,1614,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected on the 
<date id="FF9A8CDE1361FF86FEEEF9CA37C5FF81" box="[305,429,1652,1675]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-22">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361361FF86FEEEF9CA37C5FF81" box="[305,429,1652,1675]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-22">22/01/1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FE1EF9CA3252FF81" box="[449,1082,1652,1675]" collectionCode="NZOI" country="New Zealand" location="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FE1EF9CA3469FF81" box="[449,513,1652,1675]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/chf3-57df" name="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NZOI</collectionCode>
stn D196 (cross ref. 
<location id="8EFBFCC51361FF86FD37F9CA3569FF81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4:8EFBFCC51361FF86FD37F9CA3569FF81" box="[744,769,1652,1675]" country="New Zealand" name="Ts" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ts</location>
54.2) unidentified sponge in
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431361FF86FB9DF9CA351EFFB8" collectingDate="1964-01-23" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="110" latitude="-50.916668" longLatPrecision="1093" longitude="166.35" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3532DB1361FF86FB9DF9CA32EFFF81" box="[1090,1159,1652,1675]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
collection, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FAD7F9CA3751FFB8" degrees="50" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="-50.916668">50º 55'S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91361FF86FE9BF92537C5FFB8" box="[324,429,1691,1714]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="166.35">166º 21'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1361FF86FE25F9253457FFB8" box="[506,575,1691,1714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="110.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D1361FF86FE25F9253457FFB8" box="[506,575,1691,1714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, collected on the 
<date id="FF9A8CDE1361FF86FD26F925351EFFB8" box="[761,886,1691,1714]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-23">
<collectingDate id="EFDE75361361FF86FD26F925351EFFB8" box="[761,886,1691,1714]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1964-01-23">23/01/1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951361FFF9FEE7F97F324EFAD4" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1361FFF9FEE7F97F354EFA34" blockId="63.[264,1323,1230,1875]" lastBlockId="64.[264,1323,284,1758]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B950760C1361FF86FEE7F97F37DFFFD1" bold="true" box="[312,439,1729,1755]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small to massive, ovo­semispherical sponges with large cylindrical­shaped oscules at the apex, and with numerous volcano or mushroom­shaped areolate porefields with the apex truncated and covered by a fleshy poral membrane (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1361FF86FBD5F8AF321FFE21" box="[1034,1143,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="60.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-232@60.[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al. 2002; B. Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Gross morphology of Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057842/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
). Colour in life green; in preservative dark brown. Styles are hastate and slightly sinuous, 361 (327–384) x 7 (7) m, n=20 [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC131EFFF9FE2BFEA2340CF83C" box="[500,612,284,310]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
351 (278–423) x 6 (3–9) m, n=20 (after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FBA3FEA23722F854" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FB3BFEA23374F83F" box="[1252,1308,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
)]. Anisodiscorhabds (Fig. 6F), have an expanded furcate manubrium. There is also no basal whorl of spines present above the manubrium as characteristic for this subgenus. The median whorl is midway between the manubrium and the subsidiary whorl and the whorls are deeply notched along the rim and divided into four segments, each segment possessing denticulate margins of 4–5 spines. The spines of the apical whorl are slanted upwards ending in a crown­like tuft of acute spined projections. The whorls are microspined, 37 (36–41) x 5 (5) m, n=20 [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC131EFFF9FCDDFD8A351AFB44" box="[770,882,564,590]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
34 (27–44) x 5 (2–8) m, n=20 (after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FED7FDE23791FB7C" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[264,505,604,630]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FEB3FDE237C8FB7F" box="[364,416,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2002
</bibRefCitation>
)]. The choanosomal skeleton consists of a dense, irregular polygonalmeshed reticulation and may form meshes that are often oval in the 
<typeStatus id="549F14BC131EFFF9FBE9FD3A32F4FB94" box="[1078,1180,644,670]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B131EFFF9FB71FD3A3373FB94" box="[1198,1307,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="60.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-232@60.[271,1315,729,1567]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 10. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al. 2002; B. Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Gross morphology of Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al. 2002." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057842/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). The surface of the ectosome and choanocyte chambers is lined with an erect layer of single discorhabds. Beneath the discorhabds in the ectosome is a thick paratangential layer of densely interlocking megascleres, approximately 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB131EFFF9FCBFFD4235AAFA1C" box="[864,962,764,790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
deep (
<figureCitation id="131FB69B131EFFF9FBC4FD4232F7FA1C" box="[1051,1183,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1577,1601]" captionTargetBox="[267,1320,973,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-284@10.[260,1328,969,1538]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) species. Distributions of 1) Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 2) L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 3) L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy, 4) L. biformis Kirkpatrick, 5) Latrunculia basilis Kirkpatrick, 6) L. brevis Ridley and Dendy, 7) Latrunculia palmata Lévi, 8) Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent, 9) Latrunculia crenulata Lévi, 10) Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita, 11) Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 12) Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al., 13) Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al., 14) Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057830/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 2.27C</figureCitation>
) [
<typeStatus id="549F14BC131EFFF9FB65FD423342FA1C" box="[1210,1322,764,790]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CDC07FB131EFFF9FED7FC9A37F6FA34" box="[264,414,804,830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="100.0">100–300 m</quantity>
deep (after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FDF5FC9A357AFA34" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[554,786,804,830]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD51FC9A34AAFA37" box="[654,706,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E131EFFF9FEE7FCF23579FABC" blockId="64.[264,1323,284,1758]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA043131EFFF9FEE7FCF2344DFA84" country="New Zealand" elevation="15" location="Off" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EFBFCC5131EFFF9FEE7FCF23708FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4:8EFBFCC5131EFFF9FEE7FCF23708FA6C" box="[312,352,844,870]" country="New Zealand" name="Off" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Off</location>
the 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E131EFFF9FE4DFCF23447FA6C" box="[402,559,844,870]" name="New Zealand" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
coastline the species are found on vertical walls, mostly in shade between 
<elevation id="00094D2D131EFFF9FEAEFCCA344DFA84" box="[369,549,884,910]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
<quantity id="4CDC07FB131EFFF9FEAEFCCA37B1FA84" box="[369,473,884,910]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA043131EFFF9FDEEFCCA3579FABC" country="New Zealand" county="Depth" elevation="95" location="The" municipality="There" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EFBFCC5131EFFF9FDEEFCCA3436FA84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081361FFF9FED7FBAA373CFFD4:8EFBFCC5131EFFF9FDEEFCCA3436FA84" box="[561,606,884,910]" country="New Zealand" county="Depth" municipality="There" name="The" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">The</location>
species was dredge from deeper water. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF3064131EFFF9FBEDFCCA321EFA84" box="[1074,1142,884,910]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">There</collectingMunicipality>
is no record of the substratum 
<typeStatus id="549F14BC131EFFF9FE64FC223799FABC" box="[443,497,924,950]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCounty id="62FAD292131EFFF9FE23FC22342CFABC" box="[508,580,924,950]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Depth</collectingCounty>
range 
<quantity id="4CDC07FB131EFFF9FD4CFC223565FABC" box="[659,781,924,950]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="00094D2D131EFFF9FD4CFC223565FABC" box="[659,781,924,950]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="10.0">10–180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E131EFFF9FEE7FC7A324EFAD4" blockId="64.[264,1323,284,1758]" box="[312,1062,964,990]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FEE7FC7A340DFAD4" bold="true" box="[312,613,964,990]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131FB69B131EFFF9FDAAFC7A34D3FAD4" box="[629,699,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E131EFFF9FD04FC7A351FFAD4" box="[731,887,964,990]" name="New Zealand" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(South Island)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EF995131EFFF9FEE7FC52373CFFD4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E131EFFF9FEE7FC52373CFFD4" blockId="64.[264,1323,284,1758]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FEE7FC5237D9FD0C" bold="true" box="[312,433,1004,1030]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FDBEFC523537FD0C" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[609,863,1004,1030]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD18FC523495FD0F" box="[711,765,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
, this species is very similar in growth form to 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FEBAFBAA3469FD27" box="[357,513,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaakaariki">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FEBAFBAA3469FD27" box="[357,513,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaakaariki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FDE6FBAA3566FD27" box="[569,782,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wellingtonensis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FDE6FBAA3566FD27" box="[569,782,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. wellingtonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FC56FBAA3267FD27" box="[905,1039,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FC56FBAA3267FD27" box="[905,1039,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaikoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be smaller in diameter. The acanthodiscorhabds differ slightly from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FBD0FB8232C7FD5F" box="[1039,1199,1084,1109]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaakaariki">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FBD0FB8232C7FD5F" box="[1039,1199,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaakaariki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having smooth instead of rough spines, and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FCD9FBDA35B6FD77" box="[774,990,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wellingtonensis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FCD9FBDA35B6FD77" box="[774,990,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. wellingtonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being more ornamented, especially in the structure of the manubrium (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FCF2FB323272FDAC" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[813,1050,1164,1190]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FC4BFB3235A2FDAF" box="[916,970,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FBF0FB323342FDAC" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[1071,1322,1164,1190]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FB49FB3232A4FDAF" box="[1174,1228,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
also separated these species from one another on the basis of morphometric genetic differences (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FE44FB62341EFDFC" author="Miller, K. &amp; Alverez, B. &amp; Battershill, C. N. P. &amp; Parthasarathy, H." box="[411,630,1244,1270]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="235 - 250" refId="ref36473" refString="Miller, K., Alverez, B., Battershill, C. N. P. and Parthasarathy, H. (2001) Genetic, morphological and chemical divergence in the sponge genus Latrunculia (Porifera: Demospongiae). Marine Biology, 139, 235 - 250." type="journal article" year="2001">
Miller 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FE2FFB62344EFDFF" box="[496,550,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FD52FB6235E3FDFC" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[653,907,1244,1270]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD2BFB623541FDFF" box="[756,809,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
, described the apical crown of the anisodiscorhabd, as found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FDA5FABA356FFC17" box="[634,775,1284,1309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FDA5FABA356FFC17" box="[634,775,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaikoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in having a small apical prolongation and suggested that this species is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FCE1FA9232B3FC4C" authority="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" box="[830,1243,1324,1350]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FCE1FA9235D4FC4F" box="[830,956,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. apicalis</emphasis>
Ridley and Dendy. The
</taxonomicName>
apical prolongation in 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FE18FAEA342DFC67" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" box="[455,581,1364,1389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FE18FAEA342DFC67" box="[455,581,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FD5EFAEA356BFC67" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1903" box="[641,771,1364,1389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD5EFAEA356BFC67" box="[641,771,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique and develops as an extension in the center region of the crown that is made up of acute spines. The apical prolongation of the spines of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FEA7FA1A3797FCB7" box="[376,511,1444,1469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FEA7FA1A3797FCB7" box="[376,511,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaikoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is due to the structure of the apical crown, in that the acute spines are oblong (a character that is evident in many 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FC96FA723251FCEC" box="[841,1081,1484,1510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FC96FA7235BBFCEF" box="[841,979,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Latrunculia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
) and therefore not homologous to the apical prolongations as found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FCBCFA4A35B6FF07" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" box="[867,990,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FCBCFA4A35B6FF07" box="[867,990,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FBCAFA4A32FDFF07" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1903" box="[1045,1173,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FBCAFA4A32FDFF07" box="[1045,1173,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. biformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The remark by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FEF3F9A23448FF3C" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." box="[300,544,1564,1590]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FE4EF9A237ACFF3F" box="[401,452,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
that 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FD84F9A23489FF3F" box="[603,737,1564,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD84F9A23489FF3F" box="[603,737,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. kaikoura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FC0CF9A23342FF3C" authority="Ridley and Dendy" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" box="[979,1322,1564,1590]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FC0CF9A23226FF3F" box="[979,1102,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. apicalis</emphasis>
Ridley and Dendy
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of an apical prolongation is not supported here. Structurally, the acanthodiscorhabd of 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FDD5F9CA34EDFF87" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy. The" authorityYear="1886" box="[522,645,1652,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FDD5F9CA34EDFF87" box="[522,645,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">L. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have a basal (4 
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) whorl just above the manubrium as indicated for species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D131EFFF9FD81F9223480FFBF" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[606,744,1692,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FD81F9223480FFBF" box="[606,744,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Latrunculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup (“triverticillata group” 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF131EFFF9FB5CF922372FFFD4" author="Alvarez, B. &amp; Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. &amp; Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
Alvarez 
<emphasis id="B950760C131EFFF9FB33F922334BFFBF" box="[1260,1315,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>