576 lines
68 KiB
XML
576 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="713D0E1C262FA986B91531F02D2D1EA4" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A32F963254BAFAD0FE2F9AB9" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Fagus dogei" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1728048930804" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A2EB104EE68DEE660372AF9D5B5764E1">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEE6E37380577BE106A1E334E3414C1D">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E93A2C53A6E14379B4E96E3DDC1A65BF">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3CF70DA40275152780BFAB7E3CDC9574">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F72D34826ED50E8C1BF6EEC32A1CB936">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A6C5802994C293621A32107C67C036FD">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A32F963154BAFAD0FD1B9E64" box="[193,719,1296,1324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F963154BAFAD0FD1B9E64" blockId="16.[193,719,1185,1363]" box="[193,719,1296,1324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA32F963154BAFAD0FD1B9E64" allCaps="true" box="[193,719,1296,1324]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F963154BAFAD0FEB79E63" ID-CoL="8VXN4" authority="WHEELER & MANCHESTER, 2021" box="[193,355,1296,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F963154BAFAD0FEB79E63" box="[193,355,1296,1324]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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FAGUS
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F9631556DFAD0FEB79E63" box="[278,355,1296,1324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">DOGEI</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32F96315511FAD3FD1B9E64" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" box="[362,719,1299,1323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">
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WHEELER &
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<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A32F96315588FAD3FD5F9E64" box="[499,651,1299,1323]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">MANCHESTER</collectingRegion>
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, 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A32F963255E9FAFBFE2F9AB9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F963155E9FAFBFE2B9E1C" blockId="16.[193,719,1185,1363]" box="[402,511,1339,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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||
<figureCitation id="13185896A32F963155E9FAFBFE2B9E1C" box="[402,511,1339,1363]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">FIG. 8A–K</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F963154EBFAADFF2F9DD4" blockId="16.[112,800,1388,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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We found five samples that have a combination of fea- tures indicating affinity with
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F963155AEFA4FFDF09EE4" box="[469,548,1423,1451]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F963155AEFA4FFDCB9EE4" box="[469,543,1423,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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There is variation in vessel frequency, ray size, and occurrence of compound rays. The abundant tyloses in some samples made it difficult to measure vessel element lengths and to clearly see perforation plates.
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F963155F3F9DAFE4E9D7B" box="[392,410,1562,1588]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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description of the features they share is given below.
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<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A32F96315501F9FCFE019D19" box="[378,469,1596,1622]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="18.[111,175,194,218]" captionTargetBox="[128,1430,342,701]" captionTargetId="graphics-674@18.[114,1502,377,711]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of fossil Fagus woods from Dietz Hill with Fagus dodgei from Post Hammer (UF 279, late Eocene, Wheeler and Manchester 2021) and Fagus manosii (mid-Miocene, Wheeler and Dillhoff 2009). VTD=vessel tangential diameter in µm, mean (SD); V/mm2=number of vessels per square mm; Lrg Ray=large ray, number of cells wide; Cmp=compound ray; Lrg Ray Ht.=large ray height in µm, mean (SD, when known), range." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65">Table 2</tableCitation>
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gives information on each sample’s vessel diameter and frequency, and ray width and height.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F963154EBF964FE429C68" blockId="16.[112,800,1388,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F963154EBF964FE989DF1" bold="true" box="[144,332,1700,1726]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth rings distinct, marked by radially flattened latewood fibers, and differences in vessel diameter between latewood and earlywood of subsequent rings (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F96315575F8CCFE5C9C68" box="[270,392,1804,1831]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F963154EBF8EFFA2499D7" blockId="16.[112,800,1388,1935]" lastBlockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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Diffuse porous to semi-ring porous (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F9631563AF8EFFD619C06" box="[577,693,1839,1865]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
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). Vessels predominantly solitary (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F963155E7F892FE229C23" box="[412,502,1874,1900]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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); vessels circular to oval to slightly angular in outline; vessels narrow. Perforation plates simple and scalariform with <10 bars (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F9631511CFE0EFA369AA7" box="[1383,1506,462,488]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8D–F</figureCitation>
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); intervessel pitting scalariform to opposite (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F96315121FE31FA619944" box="[1370,1461,497,523]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
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), occasionally alternate; vessel-ray parenchyma pits oval to horizontally elongate with reduced borders (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F963151FAFDF7FA37991E" box="[1409,1507,567,593]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
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). Vessel element lengths medium. Tyloses common, usually oriented horizontally across the vessel lumens (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F963151F3FDBEFA3799D7" box="[1416,1507,638,664]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFD61FC65984E" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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Fibers non-septate, walls thick to very thick, with distinctly bordered pits in radial and tangential walls (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F96315732FD27FC70984E" box="[841,932,743,769]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFCCAFA559807" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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Axial parenchyma diffuse, less commonly diffuse-in-aggregates (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F963157AEFCEEFB9D9807" box="[981,1097,814,840]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig 8A, B</figureCitation>
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), strands of 4–8 or more.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFC91FA3098B7" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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Rays of two distinct sizes, narrow rays 1–3 (-4) seriate and the wider rays more than8-seriate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A32F96315167FCB4FA5898C1" box="[1308,1420,884,910]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[157,232,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-21@17.[163,1470,192,1886]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Caption on pg. 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913346/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig.8I–K</figureCitation>
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). Homocellular, composed of procumbent cells or heterocellular with body of procumbent cells and 1–4 marginal rows of square/upright cells. Compound rays rare to common.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFBC0FC779F2D" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F9631571BFBC0FBDA9F55" bold="true" box="[864,1038,1024,1050]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Specimens—</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F96315075FBC1FBE59F54" box="[1038,1073,1025,1051]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278-84869, 84873, 84888, 84896, estimated maximum diameters
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<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A32F963150A9FBE4FAF69F70" box="[1234,1314,1060,1087]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A32F96315154FBE4FAAB9F70" box="[1327,1407,1060,1087]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
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, 26+ cm, 16+ cm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFBAAFADC9FCA" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" box="[864,1288,1130,1157]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F9631571BFBAAFBC39FCB" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1130,1156]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Occurrence—</emphasis>
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Dietz Hill (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F963150E1FBABFB149FCA" box="[1178,1216,1131,1157]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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278).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BFB4DFB839DF7" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A32F9631571BFB4DFAF49FE7" bold="true" box="[864,1312,1165,1192]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Comparisons with extant woods—</emphasis>
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The combination of diffuse-porosity (5p), predominantly solitary vessels (9p), simple and scalariform perforation plates with few bars (13p, 14p, 15p), scalariform and opposite intervessel pitting (20p, 21p), vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders (31p), average tangential diameter less than 100 µm (42a, 43a), more than 40 vessels per mm
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<superScript id="7C56E95BA32F9631570AFA44FCA89ED8" attach="left" box="[881,892,1412,1431]" fontSize="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2</superScript>
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(46a–48a), non-septate fibers with bordered pits (62p, 66p), diffuse axial parenchyma unaccompanied by obvious paratracheal parenchyma (76p, 79–86a), rays more than 3-seriate, commonly more than 1.0 mm high, and of two distinct sizes (96a, 97a, 102p, 103p) occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F96315725F9F4FC729D1F" box="[862,934,1588,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F96315725F9F4FC729D1F" box="[862,934,1588,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This combination of features also occurs in the Indian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F9631578AF998FA9A9D3E" authority="Wight" authorityName="Wight" box="[1009,1358,1623,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leschenautii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F9631578AF998FAD49D3E" box="[1009,1280,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Vaccinium leschenautii</emphasis>
|
||
Wight
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differs in having helical thickenings in its vessel elements and sheath cells in its rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32F9631571BF901FA249CC4" blockId="16.[832,1521,462,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F9631571BF901FCA69D94" box="[864,882,1729,1755]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
review of tangential sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F9631517CF901FA9B9D92" box="[1287,1359,1729,1757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F9631517CF901FA9B9D92" box="[1287,1359,1729,1757]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32F963151DFF901FA249D94" box="[1444,1520,1729,1755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">FFPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
Database of Japanese Woods (https://db.ffpri.go.jp) and the InsideWood image collection shows considerable variation in maximum ray width within the illustrated species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F963157D0F88EFAD69C27" authority="Blume (1849)" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1849" box="[939,1282,1868,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F963157D0F88EFB879C27" box="[939,1107,1868,1898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fagus crenata</emphasis>
|
||
Blume (1849)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F96315176F88CFC4C9CC4" authority="Ehrh. (1788)" authorityName="Ehrh." authorityYear="1788" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F96315176F88CFA7D9C25" box="[1293,1449,1868,1898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F.grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrh. (1788)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F963157DCF8AFFB279CC4" authority="Maxim. (1887)" authorityName="Maxim." authorityYear="1887" box="[935,1267,1903,1933]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cryptomeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F963157DCF8AFFBF89CC2" box="[935,1068,1903,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
Maxim. (1887)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32F96315179F8AFFA249CC4" authority="Lipsky" authorityName="Lipsky" box="[1282,1520,1903,1931]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Platycladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32F96315179F8AFFA469CC4" box="[1282,1426,1903,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
Lipsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32E963054E6F8BCFE1E9CDB" blockId="17.[157,458,1916,1941]" box="[157,458,1916,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32E963054E6F8BCFED79CDB" bold="true" box="[157,259,1916,1940]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Caption on pg. 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65" ID-Table-UUID="DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" startId="18.[111,175,194,218]" targetBox="[128,1430,342,701]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D96335414FF02FD389A65" blockId="18.[111,1476,193,298]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335414FF02FF1E9B96" bold="true" box="[111,202,193,218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963355CAFF03FE3B9B94" box="[433,495,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963355CAFF03FE3B9B94" box="[433,495,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woods from Dietz Hill with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335767FF03FC739B94" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[796,935,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335767FF03FC739B94" box="[796,935,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Post Hammer (UF 279, late Eocene,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D9633511CFF01FE8E9BBB" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">Wheeler and Manchester 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963355ECFF1DFDFA9BBB" authorityName="Wheeler and Dillhoff" authorityYear="2009" box="[407,558,221,244]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manosii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963355ECFF1DFDFA9BBB" box="[407,558,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus manosii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mid-Miocene,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963356ADFF1CFC299BBB" author="Wheeler, E. A. & T. A. Dillhoff" box="[726,1021,220,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref40967" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and T. A. Dillhoff. 2009. The Middle Miocene Wood Flora of Vantage, Washington, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 7: 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="2009">Wheeler and Dillhoff 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335075FF1CFB949BBB" bold="true" box="[1038,1088,220,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">VTD</emphasis>
|
||
=vessel tangential diameter in µm, mean (SD);
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335495FF37FE969A47" bold="true" box="[238,322,247,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">V/mm2</emphasis>
|
||
=number of vessels per square mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963356B2FF37FCF49A40" bold="true" box="[713,800,247,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Lrg Ray</emphasis>
|
||
=large ray, number of cells wide;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350F9FF37FB629A40" bold="true" box="[1154,1206,247,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Cmp</emphasis>
|
||
=compound ray;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335116FF37FF469A65" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Lrg Ray Ht.</emphasis>
|
||
=large ray height in µm, mean (SD, when known), range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D963354CAFE96FA8399F2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="F923B6B3A32D69DE54FBFE96FA4299F2" box="[128,1430,342,701]" gridcols="5" gridrows="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFE96FA429A23" box="[128,1430,342,364]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFE96FEC19A23" box="[128,277,342,364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Sample</th>
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FE96FE039A23" box="[394,471,342,364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">VTD</th>
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFE96FD749A23" box="[580,672,342,364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D96335631FE96FD889A23" box="[586,604,342,364]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
/mm2
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FE96FBC29A23" box="[824,1046,342,364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Lrg Ray</th>
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFE96FA429A23" box="[1184,1430,342,364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350A4FE96FA839A24" bold="true" box="[1247,1367,342,363]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Lrg Ray Ht.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFE49FA429AD0" box="[128,1430,393,415]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFE49FEC19AD0" box="[128,277,393,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963354FBFE4AFF489AD0" box="[128,156,394,415]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84869
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FE49FE039AD0" box="[394,471,393,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">59 (8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFE49FD749AD0" box="[580,672,393,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">39–53</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FE49FBC29AD0" box="[824,1046,393,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">6–9, Cmp</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFE49FA429AD0" box="[1184,1430,393,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2214 (580), 1269–3102</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFE79FA429A9F" box="[128,1430,441,464]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFE79FEC19A9F" box="[128,277,441,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963354FBFE7AFF489A80" box="[128,156,442,463]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84903
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FE79FE039A9F" box="[394,471,441,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">49 (13)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFE79FD749A9F" box="[580,672,441,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">67–82</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FE79FBC29A9F" box="[824,1046,441,464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">7–12, Cmp</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFE79FA429A9F" box="[1184,1430,441,464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2566 (734), 1974–3948</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFE28FA429AB1" box="[128,1430,488,510]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFE28FEC19AB1" box="[128,277,488,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963354FBFE29FF489AB1" box="[128,156,489,510]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84873
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FE28FE039AB1" box="[394,471,488,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">44 (6)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFE28FD749AB1" box="[580,672,488,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">86–103</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FE28FBC29AB1" box="[824,1046,488,510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">to 22, Cmp common</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFE28FA429AB1" box="[1184,1430,488,510]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1875 (500), 1356–2825</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFDD5FA429963" box="[128,1430,533,556]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFDD5FEC19963" box="[128,277,533,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963354FBFDD6FF489964" box="[128,156,534,555]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84888
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FDD5FE039963" box="[394,471,533,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">62 (12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFDD5FD749963" box="[580,672,533,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">61–75</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FDD5FBC29963" box="[824,1046,533,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">8–11, Cmp common</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFDD5FA429963" box="[1184,1430,533,556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">2358 (311), 1904–2744</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFD86FA429912" box="[128,1430,582,605]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFD86FEC19912" box="[128,277,582,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963354FBFD87FF489913" box="[128,156,583,604]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84896
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FD86FE039912" box="[394,471,582,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">53 (8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFD86FD749912" box="[580,672,582,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">87–117</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FD86FBC29912" box="[824,1046,582,605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">to 20+, Cmp common</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFD86FA429912" box="[1184,1430,582,605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1967 (815), 705–3666</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFDB7FA4299C1" box="[128,1430,631,654]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFDB7FEC199C1" box="[128,277,631,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354FBFDB7FED099C1" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[128,260,631,654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354FBFDB7FED099C1" box="[128,260,631,654]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FDB7FE0399C1" box="[394,471,631,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">55 (11)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFDB7FD7499C1" box="[580,672,631,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">39–79</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FDB7FBC299C1" box="[824,1046,631,654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">18–20, Cmp</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFDB7FA4299C1" box="[1184,1430,631,654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1560, 740–2690</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35134651A32D69DE54FBFD66FA4299F2" box="[128,1430,678,701]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="76C22F2DA32D69DE54FBFD66FEC199F2" box="[128,277,678,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354FBFD67FEC499F3" authorityName="Wheeler and Dillhoff" authorityYear="2009" box="[128,272,679,700]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manosii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354FBFD67FEC499F3" box="[128,272,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus manosii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE55F1FD66FE0399F2" box="[394,471,678,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">52 (11)</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE563FFD66FD7499F2" box="[580,672,678,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">110–130</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE5743FD66FBC299F2" box="[824,1046,678,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">to 16, Cmp absent</td>
|
||
<td id="76C22F2DA32D69DE50DBFD66FA4299F2" box="[1184,1430,678,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">1700 (max)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D9633540BFD2BFEFC98F8" blockId="18.[112,801,745,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(1898), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633556BFD29FE439848" box="[272,407,745,775]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633556BFD29FE439848" box="[272,407,745,775]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. sylvatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963355DBFD2BFE66984A" box="[416,434,747,773]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753). Compound rays are more common in the Dietz Hill
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633559BFCCEFDF39865" box="[480,551,782,810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633559BFCCEFDF39865" box="[480,551,782,810]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in extant
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963356AFFCCEFCF49865" box="[724,800,782,810]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963356AFFCCEFCC89865" box="[724,796,782,810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
although compound rays were observed in some samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354F5FC93FEFA983E" box="[142,302,851,881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354F5FC93FEFA983E" box="[142,302,851,881]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335512FC93FE2F9820" box="[361,507,851,879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335512FC93FE239820" box="[361,503,851,879]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Platycladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">F. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scalariform intervessel pitting is more common in the Dietz Hill
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633560DFCB8FD6A98DB" box="[630,702,888,916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633560DFCB8FD6A98DB" box="[630,702,888,916]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in modern
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354A1FC5BFEFC98F8" box="[218,296,923,951]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354A1FC5BFEF098F8" box="[218,292,923,951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D963354EBFC7EFD819D60" blockId="18.[112,801,745,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354EBFC7EFF0D9895" box="[144,217,958,986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354EBFC7EFF0D9895" box="[144,217,958,986]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335565FC7DFE589896" box="[286,396,957,985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335565FC7DFE589896" box="[286,396,957,985]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Platanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wood are superficially similar. Differences between them were reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963356C0FC21FEA19F50" author="Panshin, A. J. & C. DeZeeuw" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref38051" refString="Panshin, A. J. and C. DeZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology. 4 th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York. 722 pp." type="book" year="1980">Panshin and DeZeeuw (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963355FBFBC4FD979F50" author="Hoadley, B." box="[384,579,1028,1055]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref35626" refString="Hoadley, B. 1990. Identifying Wood. Accurate Results with Simple Tools - Taunton Press, Newtown, CT. 233 pp." type="book" year="1990">Hoadley (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963356F9FBC4FEB59F0D" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Wheeler and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A32D9633540BFBE8FED79F0D" box="[112,259,1064,1090]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They include: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335640FBE8FD579F0B" box="[571,643,1064,1092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335640FBE8FD579F0B" box="[571,643,1064,1092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently has vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354C0FBADFEF29FC6" box="[187,294,1133,1161]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354C0FBADFEF29FC6" box="[187,294,1133,1161]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Platanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has most vessel-ray parenchyma similar to intervessel pits, and only occasionally with reduced borders; 2) intervessel pits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633558EFB75FDE99F9E" box="[501,573,1205,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633558EFB75FDE99F9E" box="[501,573,1205,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are opposite-scalariform (transitional) to occasionally alternate, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354F4FB39FF2E9E5A" box="[143,250,1273,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354F4FB39FF2E9E5A" box="[143,250,1273,1301]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Platanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are usually crowded opposite; 3) many samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633557EFADEFE9A9E75" box="[261,334,1310,1338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633557EFADEFE9A9E75" box="[261,334,1310,1338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be semi-ring-porous with a distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633540BFAA3FF0F9E30" box="[112,219,1379,1407]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633540BFAA3FF0F9E30" box="[112,219,1379,1407]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Platanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most commonly ‘classic’ diffuse-porous; 4) spacing and sizes of the wide rays is more variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633540BFA6BFF6C9E88" box="[112,184,1451,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633540BFA6BFF6C9E88" box="[112,184,1451,1479]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335561FA69FE599E8A" box="[282,397,1449,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335561FA69FE529E8A" box="[282,390,1449,1477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Platanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
5) the ratio of narrow (1–3-seriate) rays to wide rays (>8-seriate) is higher in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963356E0FA0EFD379EA5" box="[667,739,1486,1514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963356E0FA0EFD379EA5" box="[667,739,1486,1514]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354F4FA30FED59D43" box="[143,257,1520,1548]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354F4FA30FF289D43" box="[143,252,1520,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Platanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
e.g., we observed ~9:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A32D9633566CFA31FD909D44" box="[535,580,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335631FA30FD3F9D41" box="[586,747,1520,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335631FA30FD3F9D41" box="[586,747,1520,1550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ~2:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A32D963354DBF9D5FF199D61" box="[160,205,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963354A8F9D3FE019D60" box="[211,469,1555,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354A8F9D3FE019D60" box="[211,469,1555,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963355A7F9D5FE3A9D60" box="[476,494,1557,1583]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
. (1753).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D963354EBF9F7FA3098B3" blockId="18.[112,801,745,1724]" lastBlockId="18.[832,1524,747,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963354EBF9F7FD869D1D" bold="true" box="[144,594,1591,1618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Comparisons with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
The nearby Post Hammer locality (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D96335523F99BFEAB9D3A" box="[344,383,1627,1653]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
279) has two samples of beech wood, both assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963355EFF9BEFEF19DF3" authority="Wheeler and Manchester (2021)" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963355EFF9BEFDE09DD5" box="[404,564,1662,1690]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D96335641F9BEFEF19DF3" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">Wheeler and Manchester (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and which differed from the mid-Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633573BFD2CFACC984A" authority="Wheeler and Dillhoff (2009)" authorityName="Wheeler and Dillhoff" authorityYear="2009" box="[832,1304,747,773]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manosii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633573BFD2CFC6C984A" box="[832,952,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F.manosii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963357C6FD2BFACC984A" author="Wheeler, E. A. & T. A. Dillhoff" box="[957,1304,747,773]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref40967" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and T. A. Dillhoff. 2009. The Middle Miocene Wood Flora of Vantage, Washington, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 7: 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="2009">Wheeler and Dillhoff (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Vantage Fossil Forests of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A32D96335074FCCEFB3F9867" box="[1039,1259,782,808]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Washington State</collectingRegion>
|
||
which has more scalariform intervessel pitting and shorter rays. Compound rays were not observed in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350FBFC95FB2A9821" box="[1152,1278,853,878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963350FBFC95FB2E9821" authorityName="Wheeler and Dillhoff" authorityYear="2009" box="[1152,1274,853,878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manosii">F.manosii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We assign the Dietz Hill (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D96335705FCB8FC7098DD" box="[894,932,888,914]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278) woods to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633500AFCB6FB0B98DB" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[1137,1247,886,916]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633500AFCB6FB0B98DB" box="[1137,1247,886,916]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; differences between these
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32D963357F1FC5BFC7998FA" box="[906,941,923,949]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278 samples and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963350F7FC59FB2398F8" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[1164,1271,921,951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350F7FC59FB2398F8" box="[1164,1271,921,951]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Post Hammer locality are comparable to the intraspecific variation seen within present-day
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633500EFC20FAC198B1" box="[1141,1301,992,1022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633500EFC20FAC198B1" box="[1141,1301,992,1022]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633512AFC20FA3098B3" box="[1361,1508,992,1020]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633512AFC20FA3498B3" box="[1361,1504,992,1020]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Platycladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">F. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D9632571BFBC4FE7F9B92" blockId="18.[832,1524,747,1724]" lastBlockId="19.[112,800,195,502]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The oldest well-documented occurrence of the beech genus is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963357CFFBE6FB989F0B" box="[948,1100,1062,1092]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langevinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963357CFFBE6FB989F0B" box="[948,1100,1062,1092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. langevinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D9633502DFBE8FA249F0D" author="Manchester, S. R. & R. M. Dillhoff" box="[1110,1520,1064,1090]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1509 - 1517" refId="ref37270" refString="Manchester, S. R. and R. M. Dillhoff. 2004. Fagus (Fagaceae) fruits, foliage, and pollen from the middle Eocene of Pacific Northwestern North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 82 (10): 1509 - 1517. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / B 04 - 112]." type="journal article" year="2004">Manchester and Dillhoff (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the early middle Eocene McAbee flora of British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A32D9633573BFBAEFC6D9FC7" box="[832,953,1134,1160]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based on cupules, nuts, foliage, and associated dispersed pollen, which was considered closest to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335716FB75FC619F9E" box="[877,949,1205,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335716FB75FC619F9E" box="[877,949,1205,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group that includes
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350D5FB73FA899F80" box="[1198,1373,1203,1233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963350D5FB73FA999F9E" box="[1198,1357,1203,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">F.grandifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Manchester and Dillhoff 2005). Other Cenozoic North America
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963351D3FB18FA249FBB" box="[1448,1520,1240,1268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963351D3FB18FA249FBB" box="[1448,1520,1240,1268]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
megafossil occurrences include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963350BAFB3CFA249E59" authority="Chaney (1925)" authorityName="Chaney" authorityYear="1925" box="[1217,1520,1275,1302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350BAFB3CFAE29E5A" box="[1217,1334,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F.pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
Chaney (1925)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Oligocene Bridge Creek flora of Oregon (cupules and leaves;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963357B2FA81FBBC9E14" author="Chaney, R. W." box="[969,1128,1345,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="45 - 138" refId="ref33701" refString="Chaney, R. W. 1927. Geology and Paleontology of the Crooked River Basin, with special reference to the Bridge Creek. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publications 346: 45 - 138." type="journal article" year="1927">Chaney 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D96335009FA82FA1D9E14" author="Meyer, H. W. & S. R. Manchester" box="[1138,1481,1345,1372]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 195" refId="ref37696" refString="Meyer, H. W. and S. R. Manchester. 1997. The Oligocene Bridge Creek flora of the John Day Formation, Oregon. University of California Publications in Geological Science 141: 1 - 195." type="journal article" year="1997">Meyer and Manchester1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D963351A5FA80FAC79E30" authority="Chaney and Axelrod (1959)" authorityName="Chaney and Axelrod" authorityYear="1959" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963351A5FA80FC6B9E30" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F. idahoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963357BFFAA4FAC79E30" author="Chaney R. W. & Axelrod, D. I." box="[964,1299,1380,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref33737" refString="Chaney R. W. and Axelrod, D. I. 1959. Miocene floras of the Columbia Plateau. Carnegie Institute Washington Publication 617: 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1959">Chaney and Axelrod (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D9633512AFAA3FBD19EEC" authority="LaMotte (1936)" authorityName="LaMotte" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="washoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633512AFAA3FA3B9E30" box="[1361,1519,1379,1407]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F.washoensis</emphasis>
|
||
LaMotte (1936)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Miocene of Idaho and Oregon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D96335730FA6BFB5B9E89" author="Chaney R. W. & Axelrod, D. I." box="[843,1167,1451,1478]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref33737" refString="Chaney R. W. and Axelrod, D. I. 1959. Miocene floras of the Columbia Plateau. Carnegie Institute Washington Publication 617: 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1959">Chaney and Axelrod 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Eurasian fossil record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335726FA0EFC719EA5" box="[861,933,1486,1514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335726FA0EFC719EA5" box="[861,933,1486,1514]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on leaves and cupules, has been reviewed previously (Kvacek and Walther 1991,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D96335162FA31FA709D44" author="Tanai, T." box="[1305,1444,1521,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="62 - 83" refId="ref39944" refString="Tanai, T. 1974. Evolutionary trend of the genus Fagus around the northern Pacific Basin. Symposium on Origin and Phytogeog- raphy of Angiosperms. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Special Publication 1: 62 - 83." type="journal article" year="1974">Tanai 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D963351D4FA31FC169D60" author="Denk, T. & G. Grimm & K. Stogerer & M. Langer & V. Hemleben" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="213 - 236" refId="ref34162" refString="Denk, T., G. Grimm, K. Stogerer., M. Langer and V. Hemleben. 2002. The evolutionary history of Fagus in western Eurasia: Evidence from genes, morphology and the fossil record. Plant Systematics and Evolution 232 (3): 213 - 236. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 23644392]." type="journal article" year="2002">Denk et al 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tricolporate pollen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335155F9D5FAA29D7E" box="[1326,1398,1557,1585]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335155F9D5FAA29D7E" box="[1326,1398,1557,1585]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is distinctive in its ornamentation as viewed in SEM, has been recognized in the Paleocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A32D9633517CF99BFA5D9D3A" box="[1287,1417,1627,1653]" name="Greenland" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Grims- son et al 2016), early Eocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3340483A32D963350A0F9BEFAF79DD7" box="[1243,1315,1662,1688]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32D9633514DF9BEFC559DF4" author="Hofmann, C. M. & J. Jin" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="41 - 61" refId="ref35676" refString="Hofmann, C. M. Kodrul, Xiaoyan Liu and J. Jin. 2019. Scanning electron microscopy investigations of middle to late Eocene pollen from the Changchang Basin (Hainan Island, South China) - insights into the paleobiogeography and fossil history of Juglans, Fagus, Lagerstroemia, Mortoniodendron, Cornus, Nyssa, Symploco s and some Icacinaceae in SE Asia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 265: 41 - 61. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2019.02.004]." type="journal article" year="2019">Hofmann et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and various sites in the Miocene of Europe (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C9632540BFF03FE4E9B92" author="Denk, T. & Bouchal, J. M." box="[112,410,195,221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="1500 - 1524" refId="ref34106" refString="Denk, T. and Bouchal, J. M. 2021. New Fagaceous pollen taxa from the Miocene SOby flora of Denmark and their biogeographic implications. American Journal of Botany 108 (8): 1500 - 1524. [https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ajb 2.1716]." type="journal article" year="2021">Denk and Bouchal 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA32D9633540AF92EFDA89CE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890609/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" startId="18.[113,188,1774,1798]" targetBox="[163,1470,192,1886]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32D9633540AF92EFDA89CE9" blockId="18.[112,1511,1774,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633540AF92EFF039C49" bold="true" box="[113,215,1774,1798]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335499F92FFE929C48" authorityName="DUMORT" authorityYear="1829" box="[226,326,1775,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32D96335534F92FFE0D9C48" authorityName="Wheeler and Manchester" authorityYear="2021" box="[335,473,1775,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335534F92FFE0D9C48" box="[335,473,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fagus dodgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633559FF92EFDCC9C49" bold="true" box="[484,536,1774,1798]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">A‒C.</emphasis>
|
||
Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels predominantly solitary; rays of two size class- es; diffuse axial parenchyma, thick- to very thick-walled fibers, TS, UF 278-84888 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633579DF8C8FC239C6F" bold="true" box="[998,1015,1800,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
|
||
), UF 278-84873 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963350CDF8C9FB359C6F" bold="true" box="[1206,1249,1800,1825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633508EF8C9FAD39C6E" bold="true" box="[1269,1287,1801,1825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple perforation plate (pp); fiber with distinctly bordered pits (FP); tyloses segmenting a vessel element (VE), RLS, UF 278-84896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633514CF8E3FA929C74" bold="true" box="[1335,1350,1827,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Scalariform perforation plate; scalariform intervessel pitting, RLS, UF 278-84896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335725F8FEFCB89C19" bold="true" box="[862,876,1854,1878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Scalariform intervessel pitting; procumbent ray cells, RLS, UF 278-84896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335566F898FEF99C3F" bold="true" box="[285,301,1880,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Intervessel pitting, TLS, UF 278-84896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335699F899FD209C3E" bold="true" box="[738,756,1881,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, UF 278-84896.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633540BF8B4FF439CC3" bold="true" box="[112,151,1908,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">I–K</emphasis>
|
||
. Two size classes of rays, TLS, UF 278-84896 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D963356F2F8B4FD469CC3" bold="true" box="[649,658,1908,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
|
||
), UF 278-84873 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D9633572AF8B4FC8E9CC3" bold="true" box="[849,858,1908,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">J</emphasis>
|
||
), UF 278-84888 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32D96335061F8B4FBFF9CC3" bold="true" box="[1050,1067,1908,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">K</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars=500 µm in I, J, K; 200 µm in A, B; 100 µm in C; 50 µm in D, F; 20 µm in E, G, H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A32C963254EBFF26FE2F9AB9" blockId="19.[112,800,195,502]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Today,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C96325493FF25FE5E9A4D" box="[232,394,229,258]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C96325493FF25FE5E9A4D" box="[232,394,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">F. grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is North America’s only species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A32C963254F4FECAFF0A9A69" box="[143,222,266,294]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A32C963254F4FECAFF0D9A69" box="[143,217,266,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It has an extensive range in the eastern half of the continent.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A32C9632555AFEEDFDC39A08" author="Renner, S. S. & G. W. Grimm & P. Kapli & T. Denk" box="[289,535,300,327]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="20150135" refId="ref38643" refString="Renner, S. S., G. W. Grimm, P. Kapli and T. Denk. 2016. Species relationships and divergence times in beeches: new insights from the inclusion of 53 young and old fossils in a birthdeath clock model. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 371 (1699): 20150135. [https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2015.0135]." type="journal article" year="2016">Renner et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reviewed the biogeographic history of the genus. They proposed that there was a Pacific-North American lineage that diverged from a Eurasian lineage by the Middle Eocene. The beech woods from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C9632556BFE7AFEE79A9B" box="[272,307,442,468]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A32C963255D6FE7AFE049A9B" box="[429,464,442,468]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
279 are likely part of that Pacific-North American lineage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |