683 lines
91 KiB
XML
683 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="4590804A27C7BC5DF735076E69B6EE8D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276862" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f22162d-6660-4c29-93b2-114494773023" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276862" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460241042596" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barej, Michael F., Schmitz, Andreas, Menegon, Michele, Hillers, Annika, Hinkel, Harald, Böhme, Wolfgang & Rödel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2011" docId="0397721BFFB9BC1CD79CFC2BFD826845" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02772p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2772" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amietophrynus channingi Barej, Schmitz, Menegon, Hillers, Hinkel, Böhme & Rödel, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFAE0A63FFA8BC0BD70BFFE5FFCB6A4F" masterDocTitle="Dusted off — the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698240835688" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="64B14F741A83DBBA053CE4D6A5DEB9CC">Dusted off — the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A47369D0291CFC853AD51E1090AC31A1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="380778D13AE5DCFD7928957069ACA407">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EF2602F13F3AB2BEF194C058FA454A1E">Barej, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3DB5F432F5F9E4258911C5D9B84C5519" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="891E5C4116C2154D18A2AA9BCB9E31D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1F602D5D1694A981722562BB3EACF2CD">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5DF41849788D0FE682FE676494CF0A84" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="78B20FC244CA0C5813CE290E4D50EDD2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="688326D248F41E13187EEC61A3F01F5E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="97FAE88736288D6D1AE4DF8232CCB531">Menegon, Michele</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2587ACB42CBB499EF7692164398035AD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="755A82BF0E7012FEED65934F82DB6C91">
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<mods:roleTerm id="36619BDD9B26D850C23B610801A1A6AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4EDE36382F06A00ADB548859042E1966">Hillers, Annika</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5E96EAEAF4BFD0AFC08D4CDC4E051917" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A586E8CD81552DA46DC571457D8D2823">
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<mods:roleTerm id="27A6167A1A91682037834398E38ED629">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D7294E055C21B61FCBF906045935DD8D">Hinkel, Harald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6838E54B8ADB7B6A06D3024AB0A5EB84" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2B99A816482C72A2D7673991013F8A8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9FFD3C232DB88FD240D5D251A9296E0C">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B68C6E331001317368851FDA059A5677" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A674E800A5CDF4D4C89B499DC0AF91FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A861513A71C2E9CEA0E4930F613FA6D4">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="67CFF00B377A3F1D868D509FB3535DB0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2817E3321955C7618292D5F956A45DA0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6E7DB65C8F9601D6762D94BBCBC42FB7">
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<mods:date id="FD840E555F3DCD06DBE20B6701209E4E">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0D3321E5D6F844046040C78622B27A73" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AD79DF09FB14759F8D37ADAD05883538">2772</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="CD81EA60561495D3D18FCE2A0E94C006">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3FBBE217BF22AE5D1C4962C3139827B2">32</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3051ABA41294C7879F90AF9A1D2539B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7AC27195D0F4EAD05251B916D0DE0623" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276862</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36C5E2E023D45BDF9B7BFE5089D57374" type="GBIF-Dataset">6f22162d-6660-4c29-93b2-114494773023</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BEA8532FA5E7A7E46C44A73569712570" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99B2DDA2BCCA0B20BB3CD2F7D8CCC5B8" type="Zenodo-Dep">276862</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0397721BFFB9BC1CD79CFC2BFD826845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191922" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191922" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7C4713DE-F6ED-4651-8B44-74240EE1BC50" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397721BFFB9BC1CD79CFC2BFD826845" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C3249086FFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFDFB6E46" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFDF369A7" blockId="17.[151,568,974,1033]" box="[151,568,974,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<heading id="D0C97461FFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFDF369A7" bold="true" box="[151,568,974,1000]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFDF369A7" bold="true" box="[151,568,974,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFE1F69A7" ID-CoL="CSBH" box="[151,468,974,1000]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD79CFC2BFE1F69A7" bold="true" box="[151,468,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amietophrynus channingi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFB9BC1AD6D0FC2BFDF369A7" box="[475,568,974,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD79CFC14FDFB6E46" blockId="17.[151,568,974,1033]" box="[151,560,1009,1033]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFB9BC1AD79CFC14FF286E46" box="[151,227,1009,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFB9BC1AD7FAFC14FECB6E46" box="[241,256,1009,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</figureCitation>
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c, 4c, 10a–d, 11a–d, 12a–c.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFB9BC1AD79CFBDFFB6E6CFA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD79CFBDFFD196E39" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD79CFBDFFEC06E1D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1082,1106]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFB9BC1AD79CFBDFFECD6E1D" box="[151,262,1082,1106]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD61DFBDCFEAF6E1E" box="[278,356,1081,1105]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MTSN</collectionCode>
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9674 (male)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD502FBDCFCB36E1E" box="[521,888,1081,1105]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, West Mwana, Itombwe Massif,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0AA5CAFFB9BC1AD20AFBDCFA5C6E1E" box="[1281,1431,1081,1105]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="0.46897918">0 28.13875 E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0AA5CAFFB9BC1AD79CFBB8FED36E3A" box="[151,280,1117,1141]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="1" value="-0.0639635">0 3.83781 S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFB9BC1AD62FFBB8FEB26E3A" box="[292,377,1117,1141]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.302" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1302.0">1302 m</quantity>
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a.s.l., coll. Joseph Matunguru.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEFB67FD296F66" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7CEFB67FE8F6ED5" bold="true" box="[197,324,1154,1178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFB9BC1AD7CEFB67FEF46ED5" box="[197,319,1154,1178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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IRSNB-KBIN 1982 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD59DFB64FC3D6ED6" box="[662,1014,1153,1177]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, Beni; IRSNB-KBIN 1983 (subadult)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD79CFB40FE366EF2" box="[151,509,1189,1213]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, Mutsora; IRSNB-KBIN 1984 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD4C2FB40FAE46EF2" box="[969,1327,1189,1213]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, Bukavu; IRSNB-KBIN 1985 (juvenile)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD6F1FB2CFCAF6EAE" box="[506,868,1225,1249]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, Irangira;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD4D5FB2CFBFF6EAE" box="[990,1076,1225,1249]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MHNG</collectionCode>
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2520.25 (juvenile)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD212FB2CFEA56F4A" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Nduye, Alamby;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD530FB0BFD426F4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[571,649,1262,1285]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZFMK</collectionCode>
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62573 (male)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD427FB08FB466F4A" box="[812,1165,1261,1285]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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, Irangi;
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<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD3E1FB0BFAF36F4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1258,1336,1262,1285]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZFMK</collectionCode>
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63895-6 (
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<specimenCount id="9D380884FFB9BC1AD794FAF4FED76F66" box="[159,284,1297,1321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
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)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD620FAF4FD476F66" box="[299,652,1297,1321]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Irangi.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEFAD0FEF26C4E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7CEFAD0FE736F01" bold="true" box="[197,440,1333,1358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Additional material.</emphasis>
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||
IRSNB-KBIN 634 (male)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD5EDFAD0FB8C6F02" box="[742,1095,1333,1357]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Lulenga; IRSNB-KBIN 2216 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD60AFABCFDA56F3E" box="[257,622,1369,1393]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Zobia; IRSNB-KBIN 2217 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD321FABCFA536F3E" box="[1066,1432,1369,1393]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Zobia; IRSNB-KBIN 11363 (female)
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD548FA98FC6D6FDA" box="[579,934,1405,1429]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Walikale; IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (female +
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<specimenCount id="9D380884FFB9BC1AD285FA98FF356FF6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
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||
) same data as IRSNB-KBIN 1985;
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD585FA47FD2F6FF6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[654,740,1442,1465]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN</collectionCode>
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||
1933.027 (female)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD4CAFA44FB986FF6" box="[961,1107,1441,1465]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo Belge</collectingCountry>
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||
(= Dem. Rep.
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<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD3F1FA44FA826FF6" box="[1274,1353,1441,1465]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
), locality unknown;
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD63DFA23FE4F6F92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[310,388,1478,1501]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZFMK</collectionCode>
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||
34376 (juvenile)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD559FA20FC716F92" box="[594,954,1477,1501]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
, Poko;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD319FA23FBAB6F92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1042,1120,1478,1501]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
63894 (male) same data as
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD79CFA0FFF2E6C4E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[151,229,1514,1537]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
63895.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEF9E8FB6E6CFA" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Remark: The
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD66AF9EBFE7D6C6A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[353,438,1550,1573]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
received a collection from “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD5F0F9E8FC586C6A" box="[763,915,1549,1573]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo Belge</collectingCountry>
|
||
” in 1933 from Guy Babault (Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. p. 18), today
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD694F9D4FCCB6C06" box="[415,768,1585,1609]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, without further details on the collection localities. According to publications dealing with various taxa donated to the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD434F9B3FC5E6C22" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[831,917,1622,1645]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
by G. Babault (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD34CF9B0FB3A6C22" author="Pellegrin" box="[1095,1265,1621,1645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1933) Poissons de la region du Kivu adresses par M. Guy Babault. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 58, 169 - 175." type="journal article" year="1933">Pellegrin 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD3F6F9B0FAF36C22" author="Pellegrin" box="[1277,1336,1621,1645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1935) Description de deux poissons nouveaux de la region du Kivu appartenant au genre Varicorhinus. Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 26, 401 - 403." type="journal article" year="1935">1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD24EF9B0FF196CDE" author="Babault" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Babault, G. (1935) Note sur les Boocercus du Kivu. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 7, 224 - 225." type="journal article" year="1935">Babault 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD7D6F99CFEBB6CDE" author="Berlioz" box="[221,368,1657,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="28" refString="Berlioz, J. (1935) Etude d'une collection d'oiseaux du Congo Belge. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 7, 159 - 164." type="journal article" year="1935">Berlioz 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD677F99CFDD66CDE" author="Germain" box="[380,541,1657,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="29" refString="Germain, L. (1936) Contributions a la faune malacologique de l'Afrique Equatoriale. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 8, 146 - 157." type="journal article" year="1936">Germain 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) the locality in “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD5DEF99CFCA76CDE" box="[725,876,1657,1681]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Congo Belge</collectingCountry>
|
||
” can be assigned to the Kivu area in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD257F99FFE276CFA" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Consequently, we assign
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFB9BC1AD41AF97BFCAC6CFA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[785,871,1694,1717]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
1933.027 to this new taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFB9BC1FD7CEF924FADC692B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEF924FC2A6D6E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7CEF924FEF46C95" bold="true" box="[197,319,1729,1754]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Genetically the taxon belongs to the African toad genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD4CBF924FAF46C96" authority="Frost et al. 2006" authorityName="Frost et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[960,1343,1729,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD4CBF924FBA26C96" box="[960,1129,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFB9BC1AD37CF924FAFC6C96" author="Frost" box="[1143,1335,1729,1753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="29" refString="Frost, D., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Frost
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD3B0F927FB276C96" box="[1211,1260,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFB9BC1AD241F927FAA26C95" box="[1354,1385,1730,1754]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFB9BC1AD7E8F900FDE96CB2" box="[227,546,1765,1789]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFB9BC1AD7E8F900FDE96CB2" box="[227,546,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-species complex, the taxon differs from all other members of the genus by a smooth dorsal skin in adult specimens, straight loreal region and large size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFB9BC1AD7CEF8C8FCA96D9A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Medium to large sized toad with smooth dorsal skin in adults, granular in juveniles; body shape compact; tympanum distinct, drop-shaped, smaller than eye-diameter; parotids prominent, broad, width of parotid glands hardly reducing backwards, posterior tips of parotid glands rounded; eyelid slightly triangular in dorsal view, eyelid in lateral view forming a intimated triangular process; anterior and posterior part of back with different pattern; pair of dark spots present on posterior back region; extremities slender.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFBABC19D79CFC03FF216E54" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276872/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[220,1364,193,976]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBABC19D79CFC03FF216E54" blockId="18.[151,1436,998,1051]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D79CFC03FEEB69B3" bold="true" box="[151,288,998,1021]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBABC19D6ACFC02FD6769B2" box="[423,684,999,1021]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D6ACFC02FD6769B2" box="[423,684,999,1021]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Amietophrynus channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D5BFFC02FCCE69B3" bold="true" box="[692,773,999,1020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBABC19D5BFFC02FCCE69B3" box="[692,773,999,1020]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFBABC19D79CF874FCEA6D8A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276873/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[189,1397,1132,1915]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBABC19D79CF874FCEA6D8A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1937,1990]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D79CF874FEE96DE9" bold="true" box="[151,290,1937,1960]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBABC19D6E6F874FD3D6DE8" box="[493,758,1937,1959]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D6E6F874FD3D6DE8" box="[493,758,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Amietophrynus channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBABC19D40BF877FC9E6DE8" bold="true" box="[768,853,1938,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBABC19D40BF877FC9E6DE8" box="[768,853,1938,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFBBBC18D79CF87DFC9E6DA3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276874/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[189,1379,194,1897]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBBBC18D79CF87DFC9E6DA3" blockId="19.[151,1437,1944,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBBBC18D79CF87DFEEB6DE1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1944,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBBBC18D697F87FFDD56DE0" box="[412,542,1945,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBBBC18D697F87FFDD56DE0" box="[412,542,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBBBC18D52EF87CFDBD6DE1" bold="true" box="[549,630,1945,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBBBC18D52EF87CFDBD6DE1" box="[549,630,1945,1966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(modified after Orts 1970; scale bar mouth: 1 mm; scale bar tadpole: 10 mm): Gosner stage 25 (a): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 26-28 (b): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 36-37 (c): dorsal, lateral and ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBCBC1FD7CEFF7DFDFB68C8" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD7CEFF7DFE2D6AFF" box="[197,486,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD7CEFF7DFE2D6AFF" box="[197,486,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Amietophrynus channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD6E7FF7DFD8D6AFF" bold="true" box="[492,582,152,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD6E7FF7DFD8D6AFF" box="[492,582,152,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD41EFF7DFC116AFF" box="[789,986,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD41EFF7DFC116AFF" box="[789,986,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as both species exhibit a triangular eyelid process in adults, a structure lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD570FF59FCEF6A9B" box="[635,804,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD570FF59FCEF6A9B" box="[635,804,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD43FFF59FC496A9B" box="[820,898,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c) and share the symmetric pair of abdominal spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD7EBFF3AFEE56AB8" box="[224,302,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c, e–g; 11b, c). The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD426FF05FC396AB7" box="[813,1010,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD426FF05FC396AB7" box="[813,1010,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: shape of eyelid being more pointed and elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD582FEE1FC846B53" box="[649,847,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD582FEE1FC846B53" box="[649,847,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the eyelid width / eye diameter ratio shows no significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis-test; p> 0.05, N A.s.s.= 28, 0.24–0.39, x= 0.32 ± 0.04; N A.c.= 10, 0.23–0.38, x= 0.34 ± 0.04; H= 12.28); shape of parotid glands, much diminishing in width posteriorly and possessing a pointed tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD7D1FE96FE6A6BC4" box="[218,417,371,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD7D1FE96FE6A6BC4" box="[218,417,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and being more bulged and rounded at the posterior tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD337FE96FB076BC4" box="[1084,1228,371,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD337FE96FB076BC4" box="[1084,1228,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD3DFFE96FAE46BC4" bold="true" box="[1236,1327,371,395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD3DFFE96FAE46BC4" box="[1236,1327,371,395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; colouration of the back, which is darker in the posterior region of the back and possesses a darker mid-dorsal line in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD28FFE72FECC6B9C" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD28FFE72FECC6B9C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD61BFE5EFEA76B9C" box="[272,364,443,467]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD61BFE5EFEA76B9C" bold="true" box="[272,364,443,467]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, whereas the dorsum is more or less uniformly coloured in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD32FFE5EFB266B9C" box="[1060,1261,443,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD32FFE5EFB266B9C" box="[1060,1261,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD3F4FE5FFA846B9D" box="[1279,1359,442,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c, e–g; 11a–c); colouration of flanks, being reddish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD5BDFE3AFCB46BB8" box="[694,895,479,503]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD5BDFE3AFCB46BB8" box="[694,895,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and brownish in the new species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD218FE3AFAAF6BB8" box="[1299,1380,479,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b–c). Moreover, juveniles without a fully developed eyelid process can be differentiated by the following colour patterns: interorbital pattern in juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD6FDFDC2FD4C6870" box="[502,647,551,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD6FDFDC2FD4C6870" box="[502,647,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD59AFDC2FD266870" bold="true" box="[657,749,551,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD59AFDC2FD266870" box="[657,749,551,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a depressed dark, V-like figure, covering the eyelids, while juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD7F3FDAEFE76682C" box="[248,445,587,611]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD7F3FDAEFE76682C" box="[248,445,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually possess two clearly separated interorbital spots, which may even be broken into numerous smaller spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD6A5FD8AFE3668C8" box="[430,509,623,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[221,1360,195,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1377,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276866/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
b-c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBCBC1FD7CEFD77FADC692B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The new species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD5B2FD76FCAE68E4" box="[697,869,659,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD5B2FD76FCAE68E4" box="[697,869,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: eyelid process being absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD608FD52FE606880" box="[259,427,695,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD608FD52FE606880" box="[259,427,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD53BFD52FD0B6880" box="[560,704,695,719]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD53BFD52FD0B6880" box="[560,704,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD5CCFD52FCEA6880" bold="true" box="[711,801,695,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD5CCFD52FCEA6880" box="[711,801,695,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD424FD52FCB66880" box="[815,893,695,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a, c); the eyelid width / eye diameter ratio is significantly higher in adults of the new species (Kruskal-Wallis-test; p <0.01, N A.s.c.= 7, 0.20–0.33, x= 0.24 ± 0.05; N A.c.= 10, 0.23–0.38, x= 0.34 ± 0.04; H= 12.28); palmar tubercles more prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD35EFCE4FB366956" box="[1109,1277,769,793]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD35EFCE4FB366956" box="[1109,1277,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD207FCE4FA576956" box="[1292,1436,769,793]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD207FCE4FA576956" box="[1292,1436,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD79CFCCCFF3F690E" bold="true" box="[151,244,809,833]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD79CFCCCFF3F690E" box="[151,244,809,833]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
possess a symmetric pair of abdominal spots (lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD49FFCCDFB88690F" box="[916,1091,808,832]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD49FFCCDFB88690F" box="[916,1091,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD35FFCCDFB68690F" box="[1108,1187,808,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1397,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276871/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a–f, h; 11a–c); lateral colouration being reddish-purple in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD521FCA9FD19692B" box="[554,722,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD521FCA9FD19692B" box="[554,722,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBCBC1FD49FFCA9FBE8692B" box="[916,1059,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD49FFCA9FBE8692B" box="[916,1059,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD321FCA8FB4F692A" bold="true" box="[1066,1156,845,869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBCBC1FD321FCA8FB4F692A" box="[1066,1156,845,869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD398FCA9FB2A692B" box="[1171,1249,844,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a, c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFBCBC1CD7CEFC95FAE76BED" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBCBC1FD7CEFC95FD446C17" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2020]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD7CEFC95FDDA69C6" bold="true" box="[197,529,880,905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFBCBC1FD6A8FC94FDC769C6" box="[419,524,881,905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFBCBC1FD547FC95FD6569C7" box="[588,686,880,904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is an adult male in breeding condition; dorsal skin smooth, lateral and ventral skin rough (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD6AEFC71FDC869E3" box="[421,515,916,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,193,976]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[220,1367,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276872/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
b, c); compact and sturdy body shape; SUL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD4FEFC71FBA269E3" box="[1013,1129,916,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1179999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="111.8">111.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head without bony ridges; canthus rostralis distinct, angular; loreal region slightly concave; snout very short, almost straight in lateral view; head width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD612FC39FE4B69BB" box="[281,384,988,1012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="44.1">44.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; eye-diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD52FFC39FD4069BB" box="[548,651,988,1012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; interorbital-distance
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD475FC39FC1C69BB" box="[894,983,988,1012]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nares closer to snout than to eye; eyelid with weak triangular process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD6F3FBE5FD876E57" box="[504,588,1024,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1132,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1397,1132,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276873/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
a), measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD5F9FBE5FC876E57" box="[754,844,1024,1048]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
from lower eyelid border to tip of eyelid process; parotid length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD635FBC1FE6C6E73" box="[318,423,1060,1084]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; parotid width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD55DFBC1FD756E73" box="[598,702,1060,1084]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="11.8">11.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; parotids bi-coloured, upper part pale brown like dorsum, lower part dark grey; gland openings present only on upper part, reaching colouration border; posterior to parotids a glandular dorsolateral fold, extending to groin area; fingers and toes simple; subarticular tubercles simple; relative length of fingers: III> I> II ≥ IV; femur length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD5B7FB75FCEF6EE7" box="[700,804,1168,1192]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.26" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="42.6">42.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tibia length 42.0 mm; foot length incl. longest toe
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD260FB75FF0D6E83" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.36" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="43.6">43.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; inner metatarsal tubercle oval and prominent; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded, indistinct; manual webbing absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD7E6FB3DFE8B6EBF" box="[237,320,1240,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,193,976]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[220,1367,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276872/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
c), relative toe length: IV> III> V> II> I; pedal webbing rudimentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD36DFB3DFB736EBF" box="[1126,1208,1240,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,193,976]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[220,1367,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276872/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
d): 1 (0.5), 2 (1-0.5), 3 (2-1.25), 4 (2.75-3), 5 (1.25); tarsal fold absent; secondary sexual characters: large dark nuptial pads on fingers I and II; miniscule spines scattered on lateral side of head and flanks below parotid glands, minuscule spines denser behind mouth gap; further minuscule spines cover anterior and dorsal side of upper arms; colouration in preservation: back pale brown; interorbital space with darker V-shaped pattern, the tips of the V pointing on the eyelid processes; dark vertebral line running backwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBCBC1FD5BAFA69FCC46FEB" box="[689,783,1420,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,193,976]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[220,1367,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276872/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
b; 11b); posterior part of back with dark triangular figure and a symmetric pair of dark spots; skin of dark spots different in texture to remaining of back skin, blunt and “fleecy”; dorsal and lateral colouration distinctly different, separated by thin white line; flanks coloured dark brown, this pattern ranging from snout-tip backwards and dissolving in the inguinal area, here replaced by dark brown spots (three on left, two on the right side); dark spots on anterior part of upper hind limb and on posterior side of lower hind limb; venter uniform pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBCBC1ED7CEF981FC496B70" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,2020]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBCBC1FD7CEF981FEF26C32" bold="true" box="[197,313,1636,1661]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium to large sized toad with compact body shape; females being larger than males (SUL in males:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD7E3F96DFE636CEF" box="[232,424,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0925" metricValueMax="1.1179999999999999" metricValueMin="1.067" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="109.25" valueMax="111.8" valueMin="106.7">106.7–111.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, in females: 100.3–143.0 mm; SUL of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBCBC1FD32BF96DFBA06CEF" box="[1056,1131,1672,1696]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
according to Noble (1924: males:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD7E1F949FEBC6C8B" box="[234,375,1708,1732]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="112.0" valueMin="98.0">98–112 mm</quantity>
|
||
, females:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBCBC1FD6E5F949FD416C8B" box="[494,650,1708,1732]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="141.0" valueMax="149.0" valueMin="133.0">133–149 mm</quantity>
|
||
); mean head width similar in both sexes, in males 38% of SUL, in females 39%; snout in lateral view straight almost truncate; distance eye-snout larger than eye diameter; eyelid in adult specimens more or less triangular shaped; tympanum more or less distinct, positioned in a concave area of the cheeks; tympanum vertically prolonged and drop shaped, smaller in horizontal diameter than eye-diameter; dorsal skin smooth in adults, granular in juveniles; parotid glands prominent, bulged, width posteriorly slightly reducing, usually rounded at posterior tip (parotid length / parotid width ratio in males: 2.82, in females: 2.73); glandular dorsolateral fold behind the parotids may be present; parotids bicoloured, lower parts like flanks, upper parts like back; border of the two parts forms a sharp ridge; parotid gland openings on upper part only; fingers and toes simple; subarticular tubercles simple; relative length of fingers: III> I> II ≥ IV (mean length of finger I / length of finger III ratio in males: 89%, in females: 94%); manual webbing absent; extremities slender in comparison to body shape; mean tibia length 40% of SUL in males, in females 41%; inner metatarsal tubercle present, oval and prominent; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded, sometimes indistinct; relative toe length: IV> III> V> II> I; webbing rudimentary: 1 (0.5), 2 (1-0.5), 3 (2-1) or 3 (2-1.5), 4 (2.75-2.75) or 4 (2.75-3), 5 (1.25); males in breeding condition with hypertrophied forearms and swellings on fingers I and II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBDBC1ED7CEFEAEFC266883" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED7CEFEAEFE966B2B" bold="true" box="[197,349,331,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum dirty yellowish-browinish, extending from the tip of the snout, along the upper side of head and parotids backwards to the posterior part of the back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBDBC1ED444FE8AFC6B6BC8" box="[847,928,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1132,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1397,1132,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276873/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); dark V-shaped pattern on head covering the eyelids, usually a vertebral line running from this pattern backwards, forming a dark triangular pattern on the posterior part of the back (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBDBC1ED69DFE52FE3B6B80" box="[406,496,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1132,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1397,1132,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276873/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
b, c); back with symmetric pair of dark spots; loreal area, lower parts of parotids and flanks brownish; upper parts of lateral colouration darker than ventral part, partly almost black, posterior most part of flanks orange-brown; forearms light purple-greyish above, usually bordered by white line, and dark below; inguinal region with small black spots; upper hind limbs and feet with black transversal bars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBDBC1ED3CDFDC1FAE86873" box="[1222,1315,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1132,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1397,1132,1916]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276873/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
c, d); forearms with distinct white line between pale dorsal and dark ventral colouration; throat and venter pale yellow; juveniles coloured like adults but may possess additional pairs of spots on the back and the interorbital V-pattern, covering large parts of the eyelids; this pattern is more distinct in juveniles than in adults; juveniles with additional transversal bars on tibiofibula, this pattern disappearing in larger specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBDBC1ED7CEFD32FA886978" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED7CEFD32FE8C68A0" author="Orts" box="[197,327,727,751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figured two specimens after completed metamorphosis: the first uniform brown-blackish coloured and the second with a “typical toad pattern” consisting of symmetric pairs of spots (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED375FD19FACF695B" box="[1150,1284,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED375FD19FACF695B" box="[1150,1284,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED21AFD19FF046977" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED21AFD19FF046977" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. camerunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc.). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED6BDFCFAFDF36978" author="Orts" box="[438,568,799,823]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the typical interorbital V-pattern develops within the first two weeks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBDBC1ED7CEFCA6FA5669A3" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED7CEFCA6FDD76913" bold="true" box="[197,540,835,860]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colouration in preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimens still exhibit the separation of dark and light colour as in life; dark V-pattern between eyes, vertebral line and darker triangular posterior region of back may be hardly or not visible; flanks turn greyish or yellowish, and the brownish colour may turn almost black; brownish flank colouration sometimes recognizable when the lateral skin got folded and remains of former colouration has been covered between folds; pair of dark spots on the posterior part of the back sometimes bleached out and hardly recognizable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBDBC1ED7CEFC1DFE506F3D" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED7CEFC1DFE726E5F" bold="true" box="[197,441,1015,1040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tadpole description.</emphasis>
|
||
The tadpole of this new taxon has been briefly described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED37FFC12FB306E40" author="Orts" box="[1140,1275,1015,1039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to Orts’ (1970) description and figures: body oval in dorsal view in young stages, becoming more elongated in later stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBDBC1ED7E1FBDAFE8E6E18" box="[234,325,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,194,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[182,1387,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Tadpole of A. channingi sp. nov. (modified after Orts 1970; scale bar mouth: 1 mm; scale bar tadpole: 10 mm): Gosner stage 25 (a): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 26 - 28 (b): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 36 - 37 (c): dorsal, lateral and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c); body slightly flattened; mascular tail slender, converging caudally; dorsal and ventral fin present, tail (fins included) of similar height as body; tail fin rounded at tip of tail; tail 1.33 to 1.75 as long as body; eyes dorsally positioned, moving into more lateral position during growth, distance snout-tip to eye approx. 20–25% of body length; spiraculum positioned at midbody; mouth ventrally positioned, surrounded by robust lips; colouration at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED7BFFB29FECE6EAB" box="[180,261,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length: grey above and crème-white, translucent below; tadpoles of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED359FB29FB736EAB" box="[1106,1208,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
length (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED21CFB29FA906EAB" box="[1303,1371,1228,1252]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
body length, Gosner stage 25;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBDBC1ED6BAFB15FDC96F47" box="[433,514,1264,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,194,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[182,1387,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Tadpole of A. channingi sp. nov. (modified after Orts 1970; scale bar mouth: 1 mm; scale bar tadpole: 10 mm): Gosner stage 25 (a): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 26 - 28 (b): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 36 - 37 (c): dorsal, lateral and ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276874/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
a) with keratodont formula: 1:1+1//1+1:2; development of posterior pats at length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED7BFFAF6FEC86F64" box="[180,259,1299,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
(body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED696FAF6FE2A6F64" box="[413,481,1299,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); keratodont formula: 1:1+1//3 (tadpole length>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED308FAF6FB9D6F64" box="[1027,1110,1299,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
); same keratodont formula in later stages; metamorphosis finished at body length (measured from tip of snout to anus) of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED3A3FAD2FAE56F00" box="[1192,1326,1335,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; for more details see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED619FABFFE5D6F3D" author="Orts" box="[274,406,1370,1394]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBDBC1ED7CEFA9BFDA36DBE" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED7CEFA9BFE4F6FD8" bold="true" box="[197,388,1406,1431]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the taxonomic status of this species has so far been overlooked, much more about the natural history of this taxon has been published compared to the other taxa of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED35EFA44FA586FF6" box="[1109,1427,1441,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED35EFA44FA586FF6" box="[1109,1427,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- species complex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED654FA20FE246F92" box="[351,495,1477,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED654FA20FE246F92" box="[351,495,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED6FDFA20FD9A6F92" bold="true" box="[502,593,1477,1501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBDBC1ED6FDFA20FD9A6F92" box="[502,593,1477,1501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is active in the rainy season, and can then be observed almost everywhere in the forest (Noble 1924). The species is nocturnal at least in captivity, where also cannibalistic behaviour was recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED602F9E9FE4B6C6B" author="Orts" box="[265,384,1548,1572]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When disturbed, the toad may be feigning death by “lowering the head to the ground, and dropping the prominent upper eyelid” (Noble 1924). The diet comprises various invertebrate taxa (Noble 1924). The species seems to feed preferably on snails around the Irangi research station (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBDBC1ED32CF9B6FBAF6C24" box="[1063,1124,1619,1643]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
) as local research assistants regularly found the species in great numbers in pits dug by road workers to raise snails for food consumption. According to Noble (1924) oviposition may occur during several months, breeding thus potentially may take place throughout most of the year. Eggs are very numerous in comparison to other forest toads,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED3B7F958FA906C9A" box="[1212,1371,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="1350.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1500 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED26EF958FE436CB6" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED26EF958FE436CB6" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amietophrynus tuberosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED531F904FD186CB6" box="[570,723,1761,1785]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polycercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED531F904FD186CB6" box="[570,723,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. polycercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Noble 1924) and up to three times that number in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBDBC1ED230F904FF1A6D53" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED230F904FF1A6D53" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBDBC1ED7D2F8E0FEF86D52" bold="true" box="[217,307,1797,1821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBDBC1ED7D2F8E0FEF86D52" box="[217,307,1797,1821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and egg size ranges from 1.6–2.0 mm (envelopes removed). According to own measures, egg size ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED62EF8CDFE036D0F" box="[293,456,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6749999999999998" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.6749999999999998" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.4">1.40–1.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N= 114, mean= 1.69, SD= 0.11).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED459F8CDFC1F6D0F" author="Orts" box="[850,980,1832,1856]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded tadpoles of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED3C3F8CDFADC6D0F" box="[1224,1303,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in Irangi in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBDBC1ED79CF8AEFE3F6D2C" box="[151,500,1867,1891]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
in mid-June, at the end of the rainy season. He observed more than 3000 tadpoles in a puddle of only of
|
||
<date id="FF80E5CDFFBDBC1ED678F88BFE0C6DC9" box="[371,455,1902,1926]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1940-10-25">
|
||
40 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED6A0F88BFE0C6DC9" box="[427,455,1902,1926]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="25.0">25</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
cm and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFBDBC1ED52CF88AFD956DC9" box="[551,606,1903,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth, covered with vegetation, where tadpoles moved on the ground and among leaf litter. Other tadpoles inhabited a series of puddles of a diameter of approximately one meter in mid- April. These breeding sites were connected to small rivers, which may transform into large currents after rain and then wash the tadpoles away (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBDBC1ED6EDF83CFD906DBE" author="Orts" box="[486,603,2009,2033]" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF419385FFBEBC1DD77CFD0DFD06691D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD77CFD0DFD06691D" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD77CFD0DFF2968B2" bold="true" box="[119,226,744,765]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of the uncorrected p-distances of 602 bp of the 16S rRNA gene for the three studied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD382FD02FAD568B2" box="[1161,1310,743,765]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD382FD02FAD568B2" box="[1161,1310,743,765]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa and additional
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD2EFFD02F9B268B2" box="[1508,1657,743,765]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD2EFFD02F9B268B2" box="[1508,1657,743,765]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Given are number of used sequences per taxon and minimum, maximum, mean values with standard deviation (x ± sd), if more than one comparison has been drawn. Respective GenBank numbers see section Material and methods and Appendix III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD6D1FC8FF8C16932" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[474,1802,874,893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD6D1FC8FF8C16932" bold="true" box="[474,1802,874,893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFC69FE3D69E2" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,502,907,941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFC69FF2269D0" box="[149,233,907,927]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brauni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFC69FF2269D0" box="[149,233,907,927]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. brauni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 3) 0 ± 0
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFC4DFF2369F4" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,232,936,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">GenBank</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFC35FD6F69BF" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,676,975,1008]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFC35FF2769AD" box="[149,236,976,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFC35FF2769AD" box="[149,236,976,995]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. poweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0428 - 0.0446 0.0018
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFC0EFDE269B0" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,553,1003,1023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">GenBank 0.0439 ± 0.0007</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFBF6FC836E7B" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,840,1043,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFBF6FF3B6E69" box="[149,240,1043,1062]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFBF6FF3B6E69" box="[149,240,1043,1062]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. rangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0611 - 0.0720 0.0648 - 0.0700 0.0018
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFBCAFD056E0D" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,718,1070,1091]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">GenBank 0.0668 ± 0.0050 0.0674 ± 0.0022</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFBB2FC266E37" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,1005,1110,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFBB2FECC6E25" box="[149,263,1110,1130]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFBB2FECC6E25" box="[149,263,1110,1130]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0805 - 0.0849 0.0648 - 0.0673 0.0648 - 0.0685 0.0000
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFB96FCB86EC9" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,883,1139,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
D.R.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBEBC1DD7B0FB96FF316EC9" box="[187,250,1139,1158]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.0831 ± 0.0020 0.0687 ± 0.0017 0.0666 ± 0.0021
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFB7EFB426EF3" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,1161,1178,1212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFB7EFED16EE1" box="[149,282,1178,1198]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFB7EFED16EE1" box="[149,282,1178,1198]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 4) 0.0772 - 0.0814 0.0669 - 0.0682 0.0557 - 0.0612 0.0218 - 0.0219 0 ± 0
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFB52FBDC6E85" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[149,1047,1206,1226]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBEBC1DD79EFB52FF1C6E85" box="[149,215,1207,1226]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBEBC1DD7EBFB52FEEB6E85" box="[224,288,1207,1226]" name="Liberia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.0793 ± 0.0022 0.0676 ± 0.0007 0.0584 ± 0.0029 0.0218 ± 0.0000
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD79EFB3BF96C6FF3" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFB3BFEF96EBD" box="[149,306,1246,1266]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFB3BFEF96EBD" box="[149,306,1246,1266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0732 - 0.0779 0.0673 - 0.0719 0.0574 - 0.0650 0.0274 - 0.0286 0.0085 - 0.0101 0.0017
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBEBC1DD79EFB1FFF386F42" box="[149,243,1274,1293]" name="Cameroon" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBEBC1DD7F7FB1FFEF56F42" box="[252,318,1274,1293]" name="Nigeria" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.0754 ± 0.0018 0.0696 ± 0.0020 0.0612 ± 0.0041 0.0280 ± 0.0007 0.0093 ± 0.0008
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFAC7FEE36F7B" box="[149,296,1314,1333]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFAC7FEE36F7B" box="[149,296,1314,1333]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. camerunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0734 - 0.0780 0.0687 - 0.0730 0.0634 - 0.0725 0.0776 - 0.0809 0.0759 - 0.0789 0.0787 - 0.0823 0.0035 GenBank 0.0751 ± 0.0019 0.0709 ± 0.0023 0.0679 ± 0.0043 0.0792 ± 0.0018 0.0774 ± 0.0016 0.0802 ± 0.0016
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFA83FECE6F36" box="[149,261,1381,1401]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFA83FECE6F36" box="[149,261,1381,1401]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. gutturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 2) 0.0807 - 0.0864 0.0828 - 0.0861 0.0756 - 0.0840 0.0757 - 0.0774 0.0825 - 0.0840 0.0797 - 0.0839 0.0502 - 0.0540 0.0018 GenBank 0.0839 ± 0.0021 0.0843 ± 0.0015 0.0791 ± 0.0036 0.0765 ± 0.0009 0.0833 ± 0.0008 0.0818 ± 0.0019 0.0521 ± 0.0016
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBEBC1DD79EFA4FFECF6FF2" box="[149,260,1449,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBEBC1DD79EFA4FFECF6FF2" box="[149,260,1449,1469]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. tuberosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N= 1) 0.1049 - 0.1067 0.1138 - 0.1153 0.0873 - 0.0939 0.0927 - 0.0930 0.0946 - 0.0962 0.0894 - 0.0932 0.0902 - 0.0926
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1DD322FA52F8C46F84" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" box="[1065,1807,1463,1483]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">0.0928 ± 0.0000 ---</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBEBC1CD79EFA20FB0D6B30" blockId="22.[119,1844,743,1497]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,522]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
GenBank 0.1055 ± 0.0010 0.1146 ± 0.0010 0.0906 ± 0.0047 0.0928 ± 0.0002 0.0954 ± 0.0012 0.0913 ± 0.0027 0.0914 ± 0.0017
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD7CEFF72FE956AFF" bold="true" box="[197,350,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBFBC1CD66CFF7DFD406AFF" box="[359,651,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD66CFF7DFD406AFF" box="[359,651,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Amietophrynus channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD59FFF7DFD3B6AFF" bold="true" box="[660,752,152,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBFBC1CD59FFF7DFD3B6AFF" box="[660,752,152,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from various localities in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD212FF72FEA56A9D" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, East Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD6F4FF5FFD9B6A9D" box="[511,592,186,210]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD555FF5FFCDD6A9D" author="Boulenger" box="[606,790,186,210]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1919) Batraciens et reptiles recueillis par le Dr. C. Christy au Congo Belge dans les districts de Stanleyville, Haut-Uele et Ituri en 1912 - 1914. Revue Zoologique Africaine (avec supplement botanique), 7, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1919">Boulenger 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD42AFF5FFC0A6A9D" author="Wheeler" box="[801,961,186,210]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1922) Chpt. II. The ants collection by the American Museum Congo Expedition. In: Wheeler, W. M. (Ed.) Ants of the American museum Congo Expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45, 39 - 269." type="journal article" year="1922">Wheeler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Noble 1924;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD356FF5FFAD96A9D" author="Loveridge" box="[1117,1298,186,210]" pageId="23" pageNumber="29" refString="Loveridge, A. (1936) African reptiles and amphibians in Field Museum of Natural History. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History, 22, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1936">Loveridge 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD216FF5FFA5B6A9D" author="Orts" box="[1309,1424,186,210]" pageId="23" pageNumber="30" refString="Orts, S. G. (1970) Description et ecologie des formes larvaires de Bufo superciliaris Blgr (Amphibia, Bufonidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines, 81, 207 - 219." type="journal article" year="1970">Orts 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One specimen (IRSNB-KBIN 10385) is labelled as originating from “Mutsora,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD323FF38FB426ABA" box="[1064,1161,221,245]" name="Rwanda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
”, but, given coordinates reveal that the locality is situated in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD558FF1AFC7F6B58" box="[595,948,255,279]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Due to the vicinity of localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBFBC1CD236FEE5FF1A6B74" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD236FEE5FF1A6B74" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD7DCFEC6FEFA6B74" bold="true" box="[215,305,291,315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFBFBC1CD7DCFEC6FEFA6B74" box="[215,305,291,315]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
close to the eastern border of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD5A7FEC7FBC06B75" box="[684,1035,290,314]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFBFBC1CD311FEC7FB906B75" box="[1050,1115,290,314]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), the distribution of the toad may cover westernmost parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD508FEA0FD966B12" box="[515,605,325,349]" name="Uganda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD562FEA0FD0E6B12" box="[617,709,325,349]" name="Rwanda" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD5F1FEA0FC9D6B12" box="[762,854,325,349]" name="Burundi" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
in suitable habitats. However, recent herpetological works failed to detect the species in the Albertine Rift (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD40AFE82FBD26B30" author="Drewes" box="[769,1049,359,383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refString="Drewes, R. C. & Vindum, J. V (1994) Amphibians of the Impenetrable Forest, southwest Uganda. Journal of African Zoology, 108, 55 - 70." type="journal article" year="1994">Drewes & Vindum 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFBFBC1CD32FFE82FB726B30" author="Vonesh" box="[1060,1209,359,383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="31" refString="Vonesh, J. R. (2001) Natural history and biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Contemporary Herpetology, 4, http: // www. contemporaryherpetology. org / ch / 2001 / CH _ 2001. htm." type="journal volume" year="2001">Vonesh 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBFBC1CD7CEFE6EFAE76BED" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,522]" box="[197,1324,394,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD7CEFE6EFEA56BEC" bold="true" box="[197,366,395,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ethnozoology.</emphasis>
|
||
According to Noble (1924) natives fear the whitish secretion, as they might go blind.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFBFBC1CD7CEFE48FD826845" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFBFBC1CD7CEFE48FD826845" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD7CEFE48FE876B8A" bold="true" box="[197,332,429,453]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFBFBC1CD534FE48FD646B8A" box="[575,687,429,453]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFBFBC1CD534FE48FD646B8A" box="[575,687,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">channingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym. We name the species in honour of Prof. Dr. Alan Channing from the University of the Western Cape (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFBFBC1CD5E9FE2AFCBD6BA8" box="[738,886,463,487]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in recognition of his invaluable contributions to our knowledge of African amphibians.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |