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<document id="654A2120C4AAC3BE509EF54AD436130D" ID-CLB-Dataset="29175" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4453.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="348e1a52-72a5-4809-b533-a158fc7a298a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1454920" ID-ZooBank="866690A9-0462-4892-AE29-9AAC623F87B3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539178978648" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paweł Jałoszyński" docDate="2018" docId="2161879CFF988A75FF7A31786595DAAA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4453.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4453 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stenomastigus Leleup" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="DD58FFE4FFC68A13FFED3418614DD933" masterDocTitle="World genera of Mastigitae: review of morphological structures and new ecological data (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1698572836684" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1E50742229CD8759B090A3BF8C83DACA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7ED895D144CF05628B95CDF3ABEF050E">
<mods:title id="8DB5ABF3B267AD69CDD1D65F75C9B9FA">World genera of Mastigitae: review of morphological structures and new ecological data (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8ECB6A0AF7C98986DD5F13F9CC97A53A">Paweł Jałoszyński</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7A2F3E015356426BC71714DFB030A518">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F976C43089B9C4008C305ABB61114ABC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9D1F30A1EB91F1B2D221578FEA256A7A">
<mods:date id="986B768DBAC781FCFB1161BD58F6695B">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="097240F9A6505C25DBD2E24FF771E63C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="20A00956D96CC483B233B896604CA87B">2018-07-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1E17B020BC894CB6D4072B4695708EF0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2614686CCE6B38AB953BC00115F7D0E1">4453</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="80322D0D648514B20D7EB827784B625C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A8CC682946BE95802D4847E046532DE8">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E67F5E34FDB1CD247C492E92D93D01FE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="03224C0AC57C9BD3D1320E44F1A8C6EE" type="CLB-Dataset">29175</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E754FC61629A7C7C43A173D844859214" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4453.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="925560D2B91A95E5B2B31BF02FCAC785" type="GBIF-Dataset">348e1a52-72a5-4809-b533-a158fc7a298a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B9AA600418E3D744A714668DB947BA56" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2161879CFF988A75FF7A31786595DAAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976960" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148669757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5976960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2161879CFF988A75FF7A31786595DAAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2161879CFF988A75FF7A31786595DAAA" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FF988A4DFF7A3178651FDC8F" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4DFF7A317860EEDC49" blockId="94.[151,419,1376,1402]" box="[151,419,1376,1402]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="F23F81E6FF988A4DFF7A317860EEDC49" bold="true" box="[151,419,1376,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFF7A317860EEDC49" ID-CoL="8XPZV" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" box="[151,419,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF7A317860EEDC49" bold="true" box="[151,419,1376,1402]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF7A31786008DC49" bold="true" box="[151,325,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4DFF7A31BF651FDC8F" blockId="94.[151,1437,1446,1530]" box="[151,1106,1446,1468]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFF7A31BF60F5DC8F" authority="LELEUP, 1968" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,440,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF7A31BF6064DC8F" box="[151,297,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
Leleup, 1968
</taxonomicName>
: 55. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFD9B31BF629BDC8F" authority="Leleup, 1968" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[630,982,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franzi">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFD9B31BF6204DC8F" box="[630,841,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus franzi</emphasis>
Leleup, 1968
</taxonomicName>
(des. orig.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FF988A4DFF7A31DD63C2DCC9" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4DFF7A31DD63C2DCC9" blockId="94.[151,1437,1446,1530]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFF7A31DD6090DCE8" authority="Leleup, 1968: 95" authorityName="Leleup" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,477,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Acanthostigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF7A31DD606ADCE8" box="[151,295,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Acanthostigus</emphasis>
Leleup, 1968: 95
</taxonomicName>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFD6031DE6253DCE8" box="[653,798,1478,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFD6031DE6253DCE8" box="[653,798,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Type species:
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFC2A31DE6429DCE8" authority="Leleup, 1968" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[967,1380,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilewskyi">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFC2A31DE6598DCE8" box="[967,1237,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus basilewskyi</emphasis>
Leleup, 1968
</taxonomicName>
(des. orig.). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="CD594B7BFF988A4DFE5131FC63C7DCC9" box="[444,650,1508,1530]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref52839" refString="JAlOSzYnSkI, P. (2012 A) BEETLES WITH ' TROCHANTELLI': PHYLOGENY Of CEPHENNIINI (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIdAE: SCYdMAENINAE) fOCUSSING ON NEOTROPICAL GENERA. Systematic Entomology, 37, 448 - 477." type="journal article">Jałoszyński (2012d)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FF988A77FF7A323E6453DAFB" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4DFF7A323E6552DFFC" blockId="94.[151,1436,1574,2031]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF7A323E605CDF0C" bold="true" box="[151,273,1574,1599]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFE67323F6366DF0D" box="[394,555,1575,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFE67323F6366DF0D" box="[394,555,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from remaining
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF988A4DFCC3323E62D7DF0C" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[814,922,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
in extremely elongate, conspicuously slender aedeagus with one paramere extremely long, much longer than copulatory piece, and the other paramere either completely obliterated or vestigial; in microsculptured, granulose surface of elytra (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFB8532766582DFB4" box="[1128,1231,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 235</figureCitation>
); and in elytra in females strongly elevated along suture in posterior half, forming a steeply pitched gable roof-like structure (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFA82328A6188DFFC" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 162</figureCitation>
). Mature larva: antennae about 3–4 times as long as head capsule (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFC5D32AE655EDFFC" box="[944,1043,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 236" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 236. Mastigini, larva of Stenomastigus longicornis in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455048/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 236</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4DFF2A32C26092DE6C" blockId="94.[151,1436,1574,2031]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF988A4DFF2A32C260ACDFC0" bold="true" box="[199,481,1754,1779]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Characteristics. Adults.</emphasis>
Body (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFDD932C2639CDFC0" box="[564,721,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,203,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Mastigini, examples of extant species; dorsal habitus. Mastigus deustus, female (153; after Jałoszyński (2012b)); Mastigus spinicornis, male (154); Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (155); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, female (156); Stenomastigus vulgaris, female (157); Stenomastigus allaeri, male (158; after Jałoszyński (2012d))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455006/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 157–158</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFD3032C2620DDFC0" box="[733,832,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">161–162</figureCitation>
) moderately large, 3.10̄
<quantity id="6E309B6FFF988A4DFBB532C3658DDFC1" box="[1112,1216,1755,1779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.90 mm</quantity>
in length, brown to nearly black, in some cases with elytra lighter than head and prothorax, testaceous or reddish-brown; body strongly convex, dorsally densely but finely setose, setae very short and recumbent, unmodified except for long and thick bristles on scape and pedicel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFF988A4CFF2A33726260DB2B" blockId="94.[151,1436,1574,2031]" lastBlockId="95.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF988A4DFE9C33726342DEB0" box="[369,527,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Figs 221–224</figureCitation>
) divided into large and exposed anterior part and much smaller, subcylindrical 'neck' region retracted into prothorax and demarcated by distinct occipital constriction; 'neck' region much broader than half width of head. Anterior part of head flattened, subequal in width with prothorax, distinctly elongate, broadest near middle. Composite eyes dorsolateral, moderately large, composed of numerous small ommatidia, not projecting or weakly projecting from the silhouette of the head, broadly separated from mandibular bases. Vertex and frons divided by a distinct median longitudinal groove (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFCA734A462E3D9E7" box="[842,942,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 223</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFC5134A56293D9E7" box="[956,990,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">mg</emphasis>
); vertex strongly transverse, convex at sides, with posterior margin nearly straight or slightly concave. Tempora much longer than eyes, weakly rounded. Frons between antennal insertions not forming a demarcated 'platform', weakly convex or flattened, anteriorly demarcated by a deep and very short frontoclypeal groove largely obliterated at sides. Clypeus very short and broad, broadly subtrapezoidal, with nearly straight sides, which are slightly convergent anterad or parallel. Antennal insertions (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFE6E357760A8D8BB" box="[387,485,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 223</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFE1F35696345D8BB" box="[498,520,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ia</emphasis>
) located anterodorsally, relatively narrowly separated. Gular plate (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFAEA35776427D8BB" box="[1287,1386,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 224</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFA9B356964DFD8BB" box="[1398,1426,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">gp</emphasis>
) lacking sutures, indistinctly transversely reticulate; posterior tentorial pits (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFC05358C6501D89F" box="[1000,1100,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 224</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFBBA358D6536D89F" box="[1111,1147,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">ptp</emphasis>
) typically circular, rarely oval, in front of broad and diffuse transverse impression demarcating 'neck' region ventrally; hypostomal ridges (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFF7235C4604FD8C7" box="[159,258,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 224</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFEE335C4606AD8C6" box="[270,295,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">hr</emphasis>
) arcuate, posteriorly reaching middle between anterior submental margin and posterior tentorial pits. Head finely to strongly punctate, densely setose (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFF998A4CFD5335E7626DDB2B" box="[702,800,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 223</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDB76602FF998A4CFF7A32EF6451DE59" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" startId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" targetPageId="95">
<paragraph id="A977368AFF998A4CFF7A32EF6451DE59" blockId="95.[151,1437,1783,1898]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFF7A32EF6021DE3E" bold="true" box="[151,364,1783,1806]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">FIGURES 221–224.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF998A4CFE9F32E0609ADE3D" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[370,471,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, morphological structures,
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF998A4CFD0532E162BEDE3D" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1851" box="[744,1011,1784,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFD0532E162BEDE3D" box="[744,1011,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Stenomastigus longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(221–222) and
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FF998A4CFB7932E16416DE3D" box="[1172,1371,1785,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varii">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FF998A4CFB7932E16416DE3D" box="[1172,1371,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Stenomastigus varii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA68A73FF2A3480620BD8E3" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
Antennae (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA68A73FEA8348F60ABD983" box="[325,486,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,203,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Mastigini, examples of extant species; dorsal habitus. Mastigus deustus, female (153; after Jałoszyński (2012b)); Mastigus spinicornis, male (154); Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (155); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, female (156); Stenomastigus vulgaris, female (157); Stenomastigus allaeri, male (158; after Jałoszyński (2012d))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455006/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figs 157–158</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA68A73FE1B348F6317D983" box="[502,602,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">161–162</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA68A73FD8734806380D983" box="[618,717,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">221–222</figureCitation>
) very long and slender, subequal to body length or distinctly longer; scape (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA68A73FED734A460D6D9E7" box="[314,411,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 222</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA68A73FE4A34A560F3D9E7" box="[423,446,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">sc</emphasis>
) 6–8 times as long as broad, thickened, much longer than head, with lateroventral (more ventral than lateral) emargination; pedicel (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA68A73FD6234C763B8D9CB" box="[655,757,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 222</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA68A73FCE934C7626DD9CB" box="[772,800,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">pd</emphasis>
) enlarged, slightly to much shorter and narrower than scape, typically 5–8 times as long as broad, broadening from narrow base to submedian or subapical region. Both scape and pedicel with two ventral longitudinal rows of several long and thick bristles with papillate insertions, area between bristles with variously densely distributed porous fields; antennomeres III–XI distinctly narrower than pedicel, strongly elongate, each indistinctly thickened distad, basal stalks not exposed in intact beetles, basal rings absent or indistinct; antennomere XI elongate and indistinctly asymmetrical. Antennomeres covered with variously dense, long setae; surface of antennomeres smooth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDB76602FFA68A73FF7A334464C4DE83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455042/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" startId="96.[151,264,1884,1907]" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1864]" targetPageId="96">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA68A73FF7A334464C4DE83" blockId="96.[151,1438,1884,1968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA68A73FF7A33446022DE41" bold="true" box="[151,367,1884,1907]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">FIGURES 225–228.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA68A73FE9533456090DE40" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[376,477,1885,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, morphological structures,
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA68A73FD1A3346628CDE40" box="[759,961,1886,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varii">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA68A73FD1A3346628CDE40" box="[759,961,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Stenomastigus varii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mouthparts in anterodorsal (225) and dorsal (226) views; left maxillary palpomere IV in dorsal view (227); porous fields on maxillary palpomere IV (228). Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gal, galea; lbr, labrum; lp, labial palp; mxp4, maxillary palpomere IV; pf, porous field.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDB76602FFA78A72FF7A33346302DEEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" startId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" targetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" targetPageId="97">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA78A72FF7A33346302DEEF" blockId="97.[151,1437,1836,2012]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA78A72FF7A33346021DE71" bold="true" box="[151,364,1836,1859]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">FIGURES 229–232.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA78A72FE9933356094DE70" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[372,473,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, morphological structures,
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA78A72FD06333662FEDE70" box="[747,947,1838,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varii">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA78A72FD06333662FEDE70" box="[747,947,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Stenomastigus varii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDB76602FFA48A71FF7A3191657CDCEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" startId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" targetPageId="98">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA48A71FF7A3191657CDCEF" blockId="98.[151,1437,1417,1501]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FF7A31916023DCAC" bold="true" box="[151,366,1417,1440]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">FIGURES 233–235.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA48A71FE9A31926091DC93" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[375,476,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, morphological structures,
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA48A71FD18319262F2DC93" box="[757,959,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varii">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FD18319262F2DC93" box="[757,959,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Stenomastigus varii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA48A70FF2A323565B4DB2B" blockId="98.[151,1437,1581,2002]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Mouthparts. Labrum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FE503235636EDF75" box="[445,547,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 223</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FDC332356316DF75" box="[558,603,1581,1606]" captionStart="FIGURES 225–228" captionStartId="96.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURES 225–228. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in anterodorsal (225) and dorsal (226) views; left maxillary palpomere IV in dorsal view (227); porous fields on maxillary palpomere IV (228). Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gal, galea; lbr, labrum; lp, labial palp; mxp4, maxillary palpomere IV; pf, porous field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455042/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">225</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FD8A323563C5DF75" box="[615,648,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">lbr</emphasis>
) strongly transverse, with lateral margins slightly divergent anterad or parallel and weakly rounded, and with anterior margin weakly concave, with a pair of broad and short sublateral teeth broadly separated at middle by a very shallow emargination, and with two partly irregular transverse rows of long and short setae. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FDE7328163EBDF81" box="[522,678,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 225–228" captionStartId="96.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURES 225–228. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in anterodorsal (225) and dorsal (226) views; left maxillary palpomere IV in dorsal view (227); porous fields on maxillary palpomere IV (228). Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gal, galea; lbr, labrum; lp, labial palp; mxp4, maxillary palpomere IV; pf, porous field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455042/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs 225–226</figureCitation>
) symmetrical, subtriangular and robust, each with one dorsal mesal tooth and a group of 2–3 ventral mesal teeth, setose prostheca present and long. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FB4032A56442DFE5" box="[1197,1295,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
) with large, moderately long cardo (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FE4832F9634ADFC9" box="[421,519,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FDF932F96363DFC9" box="[532,558,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">cd</emphasis>
); basistipes (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FD2932F9626BDFC9" box="[708,806,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FCDE32F9621EDFC9" box="[819,851,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">bst</emphasis>
) subtriangular and elongate; mediostipes (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FAD832F964DADFC9" box="[1333,1431,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FF7A331F61F3DE2D" box="[151,190,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">mst</emphasis>
) large and sharply demarcated from lacinia and galea, which are both elongate and each with conspicuously dense group of thin distal setae; palpifer (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FD8533316387DE71" box="[616,714,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FD38333263B5DE71" box="[725,760,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">ppf</emphasis>
) broad and elongate; maxillary palp slightly to much longer than head capsule, composed of minute palpomere I (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FD183355621ADE55" box="[757,855,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FC89335662EDDE55" box="[868,928,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">mxp1</emphasis>
), slender, curved, distinctly but only slightly broadening distad palpomere II, palpomere III strongly elongate, strongly and gradually broadened distad, with transverse or (rarely) slightly obtuse distal margin, palpomere IV (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA48A71FC46338D655CDE9D" box="[939,1041,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 225–228" captionStartId="96.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@96.[151,1436,517,1864]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURES 225–228. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in anterodorsal (225) and dorsal (226) views; left maxillary palpomere IV in dorsal view (227); porous fields on maxillary palpomere IV (228). Abbreviations: cl, clypeus; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gal, galea; lbr, labrum; lp, labial palp; mxp4, maxillary palpomere IV; pf, porous field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455042/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 227</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA48A71FBCF338E6512DE9D" box="[1058,1119,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">mxp4</emphasis>
) subequal in length to III, suboval or indistinctly subtriangular and broadening from base to distal third, with rounded apex, elongate. Surface of palpomere IV, and sometimes also III, with sparsely distributed porous fields (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FBC4348F65C1D983" box="[1065,1164,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 185–188" captionStartId="80.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,193,1860]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURES 185–188. Mastigini, morphological structures, Palaeostigus ruficornis schimitscheki. Right maxilla in ventral view (185); labium in dorsal view (186); right maxillary palpomeres II–IV in dorsal view (187); porous fields on maxillary palpomere IV (188). Abbreviations: bst, basistipes; cd, cardo; gal, galea; lac, lacinia; lhl, lateral hypopharyngeal lobe; lp2–3, labial palpomere II–III; mst, mediostipes; mxp1–4, maxillary palpomere I–IV; pf, porous field; ppf, palpifer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455024/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 188</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FB75348065E3D983" box="[1176,1198,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">pf</emphasis>
). Palpomeres III and IV slightly (sometimes indistinctly) flattened, II–IV covered with relatively long and dense setae. Labium (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FA8734A46189D9CB" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 224</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FF3D34F861B6D9CB" box="[208,251,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">229</figureCitation>
) with broad and short submentum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FD6234C763BCD9CB" box="[655,753,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 224</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FD1034F96267D9CB" box="[765,810,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">smn</emphasis>
) posteriorly not demarcated from gular region, densely setose and lacking an outstanding pair of anterior or subanterior lateral setae; mentum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FB02351C6417D82F" box="[1263,1370,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FA9D351D64DFD82F" box="[1392,1426,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">mn</emphasis>
) subtrapezoidal and strongly transverse, with anterior margin very deeply emarginate, so that anterolateral corners form triangular and usually pointed lobes projecting anterad; prementum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FBED3554652AD857" box="[1024,1127,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FB9B355565D5D857" box="[1142,1176,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">pm</emphasis>
) long, subtrapezoidal, broadest distally, lacking demarcated ligula, with several pairs of submedian anterior setae, with broadly separated bases of labial palps; lateral hypopharyngeal lobes moderately large, with conspicuously sparse, thick mesal setae; labial palp composed of three palpomeres: palpomere I (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FCFD35AF623FD8E3" box="[784,882,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FC9335AF62ECD8E3" box="[894,929,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">lp1</emphasis>
) small, elongate, strongly broadening distad, palpomere II (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEA835C460E2D8C7" box="[325,431,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE2C35C460A8D8C6" box="[449,485,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">lp2</emphasis>
) largest, conspicuously enlarged, long and broad, approximately barrel-shaped, palpomere III (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FED235E760EFDB2B" box="[319,418,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 229</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE4135E7609DDB2B" box="[428,464,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">lp3</emphasis>
) very small and narrow in relation to II, about half length of II, pointed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A363C60FBDA97" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEAA363C60AADB0E" box="[327,487,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,203,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Mastigini, examples of extant species; dorsal habitus. Mastigus deustus, female (153; after Jałoszyński (2012b)); Mastigus spinicornis, male (154); Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (155); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, female (156); Stenomastigus vulgaris, female (157); Stenomastigus allaeri, male (158; after Jałoszyński (2012d))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455006/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 157–158</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE1B363C6316DB0E" box="[502,603,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">161–162</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FD84363C6380DB0F" box="[617,717,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">230–231</figureCitation>
) strongly elongate, strongly convex but usually with flattened dorsum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FF10365F602FDB53" box="[253,354,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 231</figureCitation>
), broadest near anterior third. Pronotum with anterior and posterior margins arcuate (anterior margin sometimes nearly straight), sides rounded in anterior half and sinuate in posterior half; anterior and posterior corners obtuse-angled or broadly rounded; pronotal base lacking pits and groove. Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FADE369764D9DB9B" box="[1331,1428,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 230</figureCitation>
) with basisternal part (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE7036AC6348DBFF" box="[413,517,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 230</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FDFB36AC630CDBFE" box="[534,577,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">bstr</emphasis>
) subequal in length to coxal part (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FC0236AC651BDBFF" box="[1007,1110,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 230</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FB8536AD65D9DBFF" box="[1128,1172,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">cxst</emphasis>
). Prosternum laterally completely fused with hypomera. Coxal region anteriorly and laterally without marginal carina; postcoxal hypomeral lobes (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE8C36E46089DA27" box="[353,452,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 230</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE3D36E4634DDA26" box="[464,512,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">pchl</emphasis>
) conspicuously large, rounded and strongly projecting mesad or anteromesad and overlapping with (but not fused to) posterolateral lobes of prosternum, so that procoxal cavities are not open, but entirely delimited posterioly by hypomeral lobes. Prosternal intercoxal process developed as a diffuse, barely discernible longitudinal elevation, which in intact beetles is hidden between procoxae. Ventral surface of prothorax densely setose (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEAA379460E7DA97" box="[327,426,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 230</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A37B762E2DDF6" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Mesoventrite (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE8737B76345DAFB" box="[362,520,943,968]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 229–232" captionStart-1="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId-0="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionStartId-1="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId-0="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId-1="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId-0="97" captionTargetPageId-1="98" captionText-0="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." captionText-1="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 232–233</figureCitation>
) subtrapezoidal, broadening posteriorly. Prepecti (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FBAC37B765E9DAFB" box="[1089,1188,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FB4237A9659EDAFB" box="[1199,1235,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">pre</emphasis>
) moderately long and together with anteromedian mesoventral area forming a relatively short 'collar', which has a narrow transverse groove just behind its anterior ridge; setose impression absent or very shallow and diffuse. Mesoventral intercoxal process (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FF1630046012DD07" box="[251,351,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE86300560E8DD07" box="[363,421,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">msvp</emphasis>
) reaching middle of mesocoxal cavities; short and very broad, subtriangular with pointed or narrowly rounded apex, weakly convex, broadly separating mesocoxae, posteriorly separated from metaventrite. Mesanepisterna (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEB0307C608BDD4F" box="[349,454,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 233</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE34307C6359DD4F" box="[473,532,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">aest2</emphasis>
) relatively narrow and strongly elongate, demarcated from median part of mesoventrite by a distinct ridge and from mesepimera by complete suture; mesepimera (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FB96309F6590DD93" box="[1147,1245,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 233</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FB0430906468DD93" box="[1257,1317,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">epm2</emphasis>
) elongate, indistinctly demarcated from metepimera, not exposed in ventral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A30C96286DC3E" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Mesonotum with cordiform, broad mesoscutellum with pointed apex, in intact specimens not visible between elytral bases, or only its very tip discernible; scutoscutellar suture absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A3101607DDC66" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Metanotum partly reduced, with lightly sclerotized mesoscutum, but only slightly shortened alacristae; hind wings absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A31476256DF8F" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE8731476340DC4B" box="[362,525,1375,1400]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 229–232" captionStart-1="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId-0="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionStartId-1="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId-0="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId-1="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId-0="97" captionTargetPageId-1="98" captionText-0="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." captionText-1="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 232–233</figureCitation>
) short, subrectangular and strongly transverse, with lateral margins rounded; mesocoxal cavities with all margins non-carinate; posterior margin of metaventrite deeply bisinuate laterally (in front of each metacoxa) and with a broad metaventral intercoxal process (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FC3631BF6573DCF3" box="[987,1086,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FBA731B165CDDCF3" box="[1098,1152,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">mtvp</emphasis>
) with shallowly concave or straight posterior margin; anteriorly metaventrite forming a short anterior metaventral process (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FB0531D46407DCD7" box="[1256,1354,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FABB31D564DEDCD7" box="[1366,1427,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">amvp</emphasis>
) similar in shape to mesoventral intercoxal process or with its tip concave (when the tip of mesoventral process is rounded, as in
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FED7320C60D4DF1F" box="[314,409,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
) and meeting the latter at middle of mesocoxal cavities; metaventral foveae absent. External admetacoxal part of posterior metaventral margin lacking adcoxal carinae, but with adcoxal expansions (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FAD8322F64D5DF63" box="[1333,1432,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 232</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FF7A324461F2DF46" box="[151,191,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">ade</emphasis>
). Metanepisterna (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE763244634CDF47" box="[411,513,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 233</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FDFF32446301DF47" box="[530,588,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">aest3</emphasis>
) relatively narrow, partly visible in ventral view, narrowing posteriorly; metepimera (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEDF326760D6DFAB" box="[306,411,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 233</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA58A70FE43329860A6DFAB" box="[430,491,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">epm3</emphasis>
) 2–3 times as broad as metanepisterna, with not demarcated inner and outer components, posteriorly extending far behind metacoxae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A32DF6393DE36" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Metendosternite (metafurca) with stem much broader than long and broadly separated, with divergent lateral furcal arms, lacking median longitudinal projection.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A70FF2A33096228DE8A" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEFD331760FCDE1B" box="[272,433,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,203,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Mastigini, examples of extant species; dorsal habitus. Mastigus deustus, female (153; after Jałoszyński (2012b)); Mastigus spinicornis, male (154); Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (155); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, female (156); Stenomastigus vulgaris, female (157); Stenomastigus allaeri, male (158; after Jałoszyński (2012d))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455006/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 157–158</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE2F3317636ADE1B" box="[450,551,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">161–162</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FDDB3308632FDE1B" box="[566,610,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 221–224" captionStartId="95.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[151,1436,589,1763]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURES 221–224. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus longicornis (221–222) and Stenomastigus varii (223– 224). Head and prothorax in lateral view (221); head in frontal (222), dorsal (223) and ventral (224) views. Abbreviations: ai, antennal insertion; fcg, frontoclypeal groove; gp, gular plate; hr, hypostomal ridge; lbr, labrum; mg, median groove; mn, mentum; mxp2–4, maxillary palpomere II–IV; pd, pedicel; ptp, posterior tentorial pit; sc, scape; smn, submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455040/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">221</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FD9F330863D0DE1B" box="[626,669,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 229–232" captionStartId="97.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[163,1427,193,1821]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURES 229–232. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Mouthparts in ventral view (229); prothorax in ventral (230) and lateral (231) views; pterothorax and abdominal base in ventral view (232). Abbreviations: ade, adcoxal expansion; amvp, anterior metaventral process; bst, basistipes; bstr, basisternal part of prosternum; cd, cardo; cxst, coxal part of prosternum; lp1–3, labial palpomere I–III; mn, mentum; mst, mediostipes; msvp, mesoventral intercoxal process; mtvp, metaventral process; mxp1, maxillary palpomere I; pchl, postcoxal hypomeral lobe; pm, prementum; ppf, palpifer; pre, prepectus; st3–4, abdominal sternite III–IV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455044/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">232</figureCitation>
) extremely, strikingly long and slender. Pro- and mesocoxa short subconical, metacoxa with nearly hemispherical basal part and subconical distal part. Mesocoxa lacking coxal bristles. All trochanters short and subtriangular; femora weakly clavate; tibiae slender; tarsi long and slender, nearly subcylindrical, tarsomeres I–V reducing in length, tarsomere V strongly elongate, with curved and slender claws lacking elongate costae; empodial region was not studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA58A77FF2A33DC602FD9CB" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Elytra (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FEF633DC60F5DEEE" box="[283,440,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,203,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Mastigini, examples of extant species; dorsal habitus. Mastigus deustus, female (153; after Jałoszyński (2012b)); Mastigus spinicornis, male (154); Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (155); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, female (156); Stenomastigus vulgaris, female (157); Stenomastigus allaeri, male (158; after Jałoszyński (2012d))." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455006/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 157–158</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FE2933DC6364DEEE" box="[452,553,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 159–162" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1489,1512]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,203,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 159–162. Mastigini, examples of extant species; lateral habitus. Palaeostigus prolongatus, male (159); Palaeostigus bifoveolatus, male (160); Stenomastigus longicornis, male (161); Stenomastigus dendrophilus, female (162)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455008/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">161–162</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA58A70FDD833DC63D4DEEE" box="[565,665,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">234–235</figureCitation>
) oval, strongly convex, lacking humeral calli and basal impressions, with rounded or pointed apices; elytral disc with superficial, very indistinct and incomplete longitudinal rows of fine punctures obscured by coarse granulose microscultpure (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA28A77FCAA34A462AAD9E6" box="[839,999,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–235" captionStartId="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs 234–235</figureCitation>
). Elytra densely setose, setae short and nearly recumbent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF2A351C60ACD856" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Abdomen with sternite III firmly fused with metaventrite (so that during disarticulation it is almost impossible to separate intact abdomen), much longer than sternite IV, but shorter than IV–VI together; sternite VIII in male distinctly, deeply emarginate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF2A35776425DBB6" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Aedeagus (illustrated in Jałoszyński
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA28A77FD95356963FBD8BB" box="[632,694,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)) strongly, often extremely elongate, with asymmetrical median lobe and asymmetrical parameres, one paramere extremely long, much longer than copulatory piece, the other one obliterated or (rarely) present but vestigial; flagellum very long and forming several coils. Ejaculatory duct with elongate and narrow sperm pump lacking funnel-like structures. Aedeagus with elongate copulatory piece with membranous endophallus permanently everted, and only inflated during copulation, with distal end of flagellum permanently fixed, so that flagellum is not extricable. Aedeagus in repose positioned asymmetrically within abdomen, with basal orifice lateral or dorsolateral; in species with extremely long paramere aedeagus cannot be completely retracted into abdomen and in repose a short apical portion of paramere is permanently outside.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF2A369762C1DB9B" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,908,655,680]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Spermatheca subglobose, with relatively large accessory gland.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF2A36AC6440DAB3" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Sexual dimorphism distinct, females distinctly larger and with much broader elytra, which have different shape than those in males, with a pair of variously large and deep impressions in anterior third (to receive protrochanters of males during mating) and posteriorly steeply elevated along suture, forming a 'gable roof', which, through a gap between separately rounded elytral apices, receives the long paramere during copulation. Slender males have evenly convex elytra and the apical portion of each protibia curved and/or provided with a variously developed tooth, in some species protrochanters are modified, angulate or with variously long ventral projection.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF2A37946453DAFB" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA28A77FF2A3794605ADA96" bold="true" box="[199,279,908,933]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Larva.</emphasis>
Very similar to larva of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA28A77FDD83794638BDA96" box="[565,710,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Palaeostigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA28A77FDD83794638BDA96" box="[565,710,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Palaeostigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but lightly pigmented (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA28A77FC303794650FDA96" box="[989,1090,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 236" captionStartId="100.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 236. Mastigini, larva of Stenomastigus longicornis in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455048/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 236</figureCitation>
), orange when alive, and with extremely elongate antennae, which in mature larvae are more than three times as long as head capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FDB76602FFA28A77FF7A33D462D0DED1" box="[151,925,1996,2018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455048/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" startId="100.[151,250,1996,2018]" targetBox="[151,1436,995,1975]" targetPageId="100">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA28A77FF7A33D462D0DED1" blockId="100.[151,925,1996,2018]" box="[151,925,1996,2018]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA28A77FF7A33D46061DED2" bold="true" box="[151,300,1996,2018]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">FIGURE 236.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA28A77FEDF33D460DADED1" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[306,407,1996,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, larva of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA28A77FE1933D4624DDED1" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1851" box="[500,768,1996,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA28A77FE1933D4624DDED1" box="[500,768,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Stenomastigus longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDB76602FFA38A76FF7A321D60E5DF09" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455050/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" startId="101.[151,264,1541,1564]" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1520]" targetPageId="101">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA38A76FF7A321D60E5DF09" blockId="101.[151,1435,1541,1594]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FF7A321D6021DF28" bold="true" box="[151,364,1541,1564]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">FIGURES 237–242.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA38A76FE9F321E609ADF2F" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[370,471,1542,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
, habitats. Durban env. (237–240) and Doreen Clark Nature Reserve (241–242), RSA, habitat of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA38A76FF7A323D60ECDF09" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,417,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FF7A323D60ECDF09" box="[151,417,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stenomastigus longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFA38A75FF2A327A6510DA3F" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA38A76FF2A327A60BBDFAC" blockId="101.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FF2A327A6379DF48" bold="true" box="[199,564,1634,1659]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Composition and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA38A76FDD0327B6393DF49" box="[573,734,1635,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FDD0327B6393DF49" box="[573,734,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 17 species and 6 subspecies distributed in eastern part of South Africa (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA38A76FE6A329E60A4DFAC" box="[391,489,1670,1695]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–165" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1580,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@72.[151,1436,193,1559]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 164–165. Mastigini, distribution of extant species. Mastigus (164); Stenomastigus (165)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455012/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 165</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA38A76FF2A32B262B6DEA9" blockId="101.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FF2A32B260CBDFF0" bold="true" box="[199,390,1706,1731]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Natural history.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA38A76FDE132B363E0DFF1" box="[524,685,1707,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA38A76FDE132B363E0DFF1" box="[524,685,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live in large groups on relatively restricted areas in
<collectingCountry id="D1DF761AFFA38A76FAEE32B264D5DFF0" box="[1283,1432,1706,1731]" name="South Africa" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">South Africa</collectingCountry>
; adults are diurnal and they can be found along streams, rivers or ditches with trees, bushes and long grasses (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA38A76FA8732D661B6DE39" captionStart="FIGURES 237–242" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 237–242. Mastigini, habitats. Durban env. (237–240) and Doreen Clark Nature Reserve (241–242), RSA, habitat of Stenomastigus longicornis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455050/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 237–239</figureCitation>
) providing some shade and surface for beetles to climb; or in forests, also close to water (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA38A76FB1A32EA64D9DE39" box="[1271,1428,1778,1803]" captionStart="FIGURES 237–242" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 237–242. Mastigini, habitats. Durban env. (237–240) and Doreen Clark Nature Reserve (241–242), RSA, habitat of Stenomastigus longicornis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455050/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 241–242</figureCitation>
) or in swampy areas. They seem to be more active, or at least can be encountered in greater numbers, during cloudy or even rainy days. Beetles can be found on ground, on mosses and among low vegetation (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA38A76FB7D33226462DE60" box="[1168,1327,1850,1875]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 233–235" captionStart-1="FIGURE 236" captionStart-2="FIGURES 237–242" captionStart-3="FIGURES 243–246" captionStartId-0="98.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionStartId-1="100.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionStartId-2="101.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionStartId-3="102.[151,264,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,964,1953]" captionTargetId-0="figure@98.[151,1436,193,1396]" captionTargetId-1="figure@100.[151,1436,995,1975]" captionTargetId-2="figure@101.[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetId-3="figure@102.[151,1436,964,1953]" captionTargetPageId-0="98" captionTargetPageId-1="100" captionTargetPageId-2="101" captionTargetPageId-3="102" captionText-0="FIGURES 233–235. Mastigini, morphological structures, Stenomastigus varii. Pterothorax in lateral view (233); left elytral base in dorsal view (234); microsculpture of elytron (235). Abbreviations: aest, mesanepisternum; aest3, metanepisternum; cx3, metacoxa; epm2, mesepimeron; epm3, metepimeron; pre, prepectus; v3, metaventrite." captionText-1="FIGURE 236. Mastigini, larva of Stenomastigus longicornis in lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 237–242. Mastigini, habitats. Durban env. (237–240) and Doreen Clark Nature Reserve (241–242), RSA, habitat of Stenomastigus longicornis." captionText-3="FIGURES 243–246. Mastigini, living beetles. Stenomastigus longicornis, Doreen Clark Nature Reserve, RSA (243–245); Stenomastigus inopinatus, Mariepskop State Forest, RSA (246)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1455046/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1455048/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1455050/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1455052/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 234–246</figureCitation>
), but they also climb tall grasses, bushes and trees (
<figureCitation id="31F32A0FFFA38A76FD8333466382DE44" box="[622,719,1886,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 237–242" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,195,1520]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 237–242. Mastigini, habitats. Durban env. (237–240) and Doreen Clark Nature Reserve (241–242), RSA, habitat of Stenomastigus longicornis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455050/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 240</figureCitation>
) and can be collected by using an entomological umbrella and beating twigs at
<quantity id="6E309B6FFFA38A76FEA2339A6037DEA9" box="[335,378,1922,1946]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
and higher. Larvae live in moist leaf litter close to water.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA38A76FF2A33BE63A0DED0" blockId="101.[151,1436,1634,2019]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">During short field observations and a few days of keeping living adults of two species in plastic containers, I was not able to observe any feeding-related behavior.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA08A75FF2A34806062DB92" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
An unusual way of copulation in South African
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FD05348062C4D99C" box="[744,905,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FD05348062C4D99C" box="[744,905,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described (Jałoszyński
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FB243481644FD983" box="[1225,1282,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2015); males have extremely long aedeagi, in some cases nearly reaching 3/4 of the body length, and they mount females in such a way that both individuals face the same direction, with the tip of copulatory piece inserted into the female's gonopore, and the long paramere inserted into the female's subelytral space, the apical portion of paramere is positioned along suture between anterior impressions of female's elytra, which provides an additional stabilization for the aedeagus. Retracting the aedeagus after copulation takes some time, during which male lays on its back twisting and positioning its enormously long aedeagus. Not only the copulation is remarkably different that that in externally similar
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FE823588634DD89A" box="[367,512,400,425]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Palaeostigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FE823588634DD89A" box="[367,512,400,425]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Palaeostigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the male terminal abdominal segments in
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FBE0358965E3D89B" box="[1037,1198,401,424]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FBE0358965E3D89B" box="[1037,1198,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an additional, asymmetrical group of muscle fibers, presumably to assist the rotation of the aedeagus during its retraction (Jałoszyński
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FEC435C0602ED8C3" box="[297,355,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2015). It was hypothesized (Jałoszyński
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FCD835C06222D8C3" box="[821,879,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2015) that the elongation of the aedeagus during evolution was possible because of an already existing preadaptation, a broadly separated arms of the metendosternite, between which the median lobe of aedeagus can be placed, and in extreme cases its base can reach the mesoventrite. In genera with Y-shaped metendosternite and especially in those with a long metafurcal stem, this structure forms a structural obstacle between the abdomen and thorax, and the aedeagus is always shorter than the abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA08A75FF2A36B56510DA3F" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FF2A36B56025DBF7" box="[199,360,685,708]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FF2A36B56025DBF7" box="[199,360,685,708]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so far the only staphylinid genus, and one of a few among beetles, in which the architecture of extrinsic and intrinsic aedeagal muscles was studied in detail, with three-dimensional reconstructions of the postabdomen and also some other internal abdominal organs (Jałoszyński
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FC3836EC6543DA3F" box="[981,1038,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1D26501FFA08A75FF2A370E6595DAAA" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA08A75FF2A370E62B5DA45" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FF2A370E6076DA1C" bold="true" box="[199,315,790,815]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FE55370F6314DA1D" box="[440,601,791,814]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BBCEA98FFA08A75FE55370F6314DA1D" box="[440,601,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized on the basis of enormously long antennae and legs, the slender body form of males and the modified elytra in females, diagnostic features of this genus are relatively weak, and the classification of
<taxonomicName id="6EC84D09FFA08A75FD8F37456383DA45" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[610,718,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Scydmaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mastigini">Mastigini</taxonomicName>
may require further study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A977368AFFA08A75FF2A37986595DAAA" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,921]" box="[199,1240,896,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
All nominal species were treated by
<bibRefCitation id="CD594B7BFFA08A75FD8D379963BEDAAA" box="[608,755,897,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref52388" refString="FRANz, H. (1984) EINE NEUE Stenomastigus - ART AUS SudAfRIkA (SCYdMAENIdAE, COL.). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 57, 13 - 14." type="journal article">Franz (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, Leleup (1968) and Jałoszyński (
<bibRefCitation id="CD594B7BFFA08A75FB88379865FDDAAA" box="[1125,1200,896,921]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref52839" refString="JAlOSzYnSkI, P. (2012 A) BEETLES WITH ' TROCHANTELLI': PHYLOGENY Of CEPHENNIINI (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIdAE: SCYdMAENINAE) fOCUSSING ON NEOTROPICAL GENERA. Systematic Entomology, 37, 448 - 477." type="journal article">2012d</bibRefCitation>
; e).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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