351 lines
45 KiB
XML
351 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="CE763042969C4319FA368F36CC9072E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="35024" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f37895dc-7316-48e6-ac3e-901aa5f79eeb" ID-PMC="PMC4982377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-608-1" ID-PubMed="27559303" ID-ZooBank="F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-608-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 608" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1470408253360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borowiec, Marek L." docDate="2016" docId="F60D4407E2814EA3C723CDDFD0438045" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 608: 1-280" docOrigin="ZooKeys 608" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" docTitle="Simopone Forel 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="D563FF93FFEAD163FF9A3E6FFFDDF937" masterDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1701385037927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5A7FDB19AE712A65F6869996CC09346B">Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="690364DB90A634A2A85FC44E739999DE">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FE79A999C4A0247442B13D3EF908A26C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="7392AE6A5DE366E6A281F64212801C9C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F60D4407E2814EA3C723CDDFD0438045" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F60D4407E2814EA3C723CDDFD0438045" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F60D4407E2814EA3C723CDDFD0438045" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
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<subSubSection id="3DBB858E87EF10F5B233C4286900EC45" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="657311D8D2AC08FD36A8336E25FA3C4A" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F1B1C8679013769A64E1EDE0D38A73A6" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DEF4B7159DA5C790305CF072D2EADB12" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName id="A8DA754EE271D96A62D5AF772F3732AA" ID-CoL="7H3G" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone Forel, 1891</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84B91D7DD40E34F695F42BA51D8E8FE4" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="type-species">
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<paragraph id="F9E7C0B4E593F195F19BA062B0269FD1" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Type-species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56F45D7675205A83857EB00A5CD8B1AC" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName id="D3FA61659F2EFC22B16CC5D8DFABBC98" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone grandidieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">Simopone grandidieri</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E31F45BEF21A82A74333F6F43944306B" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
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<taxonomicName id="3DFE7157747A84FD12F7A09FF32CF566" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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is a genus of arboreal predators of other ants, found in the Old World tropics.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="26CA1C5732646730AE1DEB6842F0821E" lastPageId="166" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="79F7E477E32E881FEADF01BEA4F0DBA8" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AEAADB305983F8A1C6CFA94B02B36076" lastPageId="166" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="165" pageNumber="166">
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Worker. Workers of
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<taxonomicName id="B72F77BCD3FEA172C07804D2F7599373" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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are unique among all dorylines in the combination of 11-segmented antennae, eyes and ocelli present, no spur on mid tibia, and the lack of metatibial gland.
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<taxonomicName id="3CCE2E516615549971A6D7F207B88596" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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also possess a conspicuous
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<taxonomicName id="F5D487391DF87207FBAC7A8666F3CB12" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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on the interior surface of hind basitarsus. Other dorylines lacking mid tibial spur include certain
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<pageBreakToken id="5AE1F39272D36A5B559F22F9C7507BC4" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="DA8B44BAF33C21E3D8503370CCEB3597" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lioponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lioponera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lioponera</taxonomicName>
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, all
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<taxonomicName id="4B5F8A9C4CC5F500854F1D3665FD6891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tanipone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanipone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanipone</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="BDBCAD973A4FF074A4B69E49A3288FDF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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. All these genera have 12-segmented antennae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68DA5BD2CD2D837DFE9385B44F98274E" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
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Male. The males are easily identified by a combination of antennal sockets partially concealed by the torulo-posttorular complex in full-face view, 12-segmented antennae, presence of notauli, and lack of spurs on middle tibiae. The only other non-army ant doryline genus that lacks spurs on middle tibiae is
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<taxonomicName id="64BB90C11EED634443B42BED6A69098A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tanipone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanipone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanipone</taxonomicName>
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, although it is possible that
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<taxonomicName id="B1F7154FD35D34924A3D7CDB2E781460" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Vicinopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vicinopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vicinopone</taxonomicName>
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males will turn out to lack them also, when discovered. All
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<taxonomicName id="6ACF535F8C1A0A30F4F92E38B0C1B165" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tanipone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanipone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanipone</taxonomicName>
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males known thus far have fully exposed antennal sockets, 13-segmented antennae, and no notauli, in addition to characteristically long maxillary palps that reach the occipital foramen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B0EE1553A272BF1227CD4F5136C2D60" lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" type="description">
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<paragraph id="43366BB1F6AF1C8D25F1F4D2CA846CE9" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="693443428F40A66B4A3D1A921A13FA87" lastPageId="167" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="166" pageNumber="167">
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Worker.Head: Antennae with 11 segments. Apical antennal segment not enlarged, not broader and longer than two preceding segments combined. Clypeus without cuticular apron. Lateroclypeal teeth absent.
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<taxonomicName id="1F3DC614DAEDD66A6588E282980B5010" class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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absent or reduced. Torulo-posttorular complex horizontal. Antennal scrobes absent or present. Labrum with median notch or concavity. Proximal face of stipes projecting beyond inner margin of sclerite, concealing prementum when mouthparts fully closed. Maxillary palps 6- or 5-segmented. Labial palps 4- or 3-segmented. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Eyes present, composed of more than 20 ommatidia. Ocelli present. Head capsule without differentiated vertical posterior surface above occipital foramen. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Posterior head corners dorsolaterally immarginate. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally absent. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange often separated from collar by distinct ridge, occasionally ridge absent. Promesonotal connection with Pronotomesopleural suture present, weakly differentiated, immobile.
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<taxonomicName id="847A10564FABE6F65610516EA5014524" class="Insecta" genus="Pronotomesopleural" lsidName="Pronotomesopleural suture" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suture">Pronotomesopleural suture</taxonomicName>
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visible, unfused up to notal surface.
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<taxonomicName id="28A4841DD673BF530140A26DA33176B1" class="Insecta" genus="Mesometapleural" lsidName="Mesometapleural groove" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">Mesometapleural groove</taxonomicName>
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weakly impressed or not impressed. Transverse
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<taxonomicName id="4170C93852179C763A41BEB81E2F7040" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron absent or present. Pleural endophragmal pit concavity present. Mesosoma dorsolaterally immarginate. Metanotal
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<taxonomicName id="1D3C055D98C5A1AD74267B95F72E5636" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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on mesosoma absent or shallowly impressed but well-defined line. Propodeal spiracle situated low on sclerite. Propodeal declivity often without distinct dorsal edge or margin but occasionally marginate, rectangular in posterior view. Metapleural gland without bulla visible through cuticle. Metapleural gland with bulla visible through cuticle. Propodeal lobes present, well developed. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally immarginate or marginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora simple, not delimited by carina, a U-shaped margin, or U-shaped margin with median ridge. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="552111B2F1FCFED72EF742EE8A9E810D" originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III anterodorsally immarginate and dorsolaterally immarginate. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, which is weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like, not sculptured. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite, and anterior portions of sternite and tergite equally well visible in lateral view. Girdling constriction between pre- and posttergites of abdomi
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<pageBreakToken id="711BFA4CA2815449E38AC82E6E6F5143" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" start="start">nal</pageBreakToken>
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segments V and VI absent. Girdling constriction between pre- and poststernites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Pygidium large, with impressed medial field, armed with modified setae, and in some species deeply notched at apex. Hypopygium unarmed. Legs: Mid tibia without spurs. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind basitarsus not widening distally, circular in cross-section. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland absent. Metabasitarsal gland present. Hind pretarsal claws each armed with a tooth. Polymorphism: Monomorphic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D9D657C33FF7E248A18DE65BFD20A28A" lastPageId="168" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="167" pageNumber="168">
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Male.Head: Antennae with 12 segments. Clypeus without cuticular apron.
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<taxonomicName id="D9E93B8AEC14A15198C6CD9879608272" class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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present. Torulo-posttorular complex horizontal. Maxillary palps 6- or 5-segmented. Labial palps 4- or 3-segmented. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally absent. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge.
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<taxonomicName id="4092BEBD7651380692EE7AF9B334C22C" class="Insecta" genus="Notauli" lsidName="Notauli" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notauli</taxonomicName>
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present. Transverse
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<taxonomicName id="7042F95D784BA5863FFC1E764B4C31FC" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron absent. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin. Metapleural gland opening absent. Propodeal lobes present. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally marginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora forming a U-shaped protrusion. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken id="CC940BBB11B3D3DBF23E67DE7823808C" originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV; latter weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like and cross-ribbed. Girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal sternite VII simple. Abdominal sternite IX distally armed with two spines, with lateral apodemes about as long as medial apodeme, directed anteriorly (towards head). Genitalia: Cupula long relative to rest of genital capsule and shorter ventrally than dorsally. Basimere broadly fused to telomere, with no sulcus trace at junction, and ventrally with left and right arms separated. Telomere expanded at apex.
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<taxonomicName id="6520D9960A9F7C69F60D9D351837DB5F" class="Insecta" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Volsella" order="Mytilida" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Volsella</taxonomicName>
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variable. Penisvalva laterally compressed, rounded at apex. Legs: Mid tibia without spurs. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland absent. Metabasitarsal glands absent. Hind pretarsal claws each armed with a tooth. Wings: Tegula present, broad, demiovate in shape. Vein C in fore wing absent. Pterostigma broad. Abscissa R·f3 absent. Abscissae Rs·f2-3 present, connecting with Rs+M&M·f2. Cross-vein 2r-rs present, differentiated from Rs·f4 by presence of Rs·f2-3 or absent. Abscissae Rs·f4-5 present, fused in absence of 2rs-m. Abscissa M·f2 in fore wing present, separated from Rs+M by Rs·f2. Abscissa M·f4 in fore wing present, reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1m-cu in fore wing present or absent. Cross-vein cu-a in fore wing present, arising from M+Cu and proximal to M·f1. Vein Cu in fore wing present, with both branches Cu1 and Cu2. Vein A in fore wing with abscissae A·f1 and A·f2 present. Vein C in hind wing absent. Vein R in hind wing absent. Vein Sc+R in hind wing present. Abscissa Rs·f1 in hind wing unknown. Abscissa Rs·f2 in hind wing unknown. Cross-vein 1rs-m in hind wing present, about as long as M·f1, never tubular. Vein M+Cu in hind wing present. Abscissa M·f1 in hind wing present.
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<pageBreakToken id="224B29C048807A43826EDCBE95628B0B" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" start="start">Abscissa</pageBreakToken>
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M·f2 in hind wing present. Cross-vein cu-a in hind wing present. Vein Cu in hind wing present. Vein A in hind wing with abscissae A·f1 and A·f2 present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1FC812474C0ACDF0F5A2CD662A339B6" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
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Gyne. Alate or extremely ergatoid/ replaced by fertile workers. Alate and dealated queen specimens are known in all three
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<taxonomicName id="A3BCEF8643B7C63623D61630D5E47F57" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
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species-groups recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="71EE4D54F06037893050B3EF66862F05" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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, e.g. in
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<taxonomicName id="FEF094DA7F29D4E26A3D1DADF9B59171" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone annettae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annettae">Simopone annettae</taxonomicName>
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of the
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<taxonomicName id="19C61A31DFB85683E97BB576F6B895B1" class="Insecta" lsidName="schoutedeni" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">schoutedeni</taxonomicName>
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group,
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<taxonomicName id="919118E63E214C84E9C13DABA050BFC2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone latiscapa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latiscapa">Simopone latiscapa</taxonomicName>
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of the
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<taxonomicName id="183FBF5DEE4C523AB2C22BB891D0160E" class="Insecta" lsidName="emeryi" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">emeryi</taxonomicName>
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group, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA6345BD665016D8803935630C63772E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone bakeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">Simopone bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD805978C9ABBE38323C04ECFC56E9E0" class="Insecta" lsidName="grandidieri" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">grandidieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Members of all three species-groups occur also on Madagascar. However, no morphologically distinct gynes have ever been collected among the 16 species occurring on the island, despite multiple nest samples available. It is possible that queens have been replaced there by reproductively active workers, the so-called gamergates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="958D7EC42E5BC0D3CB78B3DD12417EEA" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="95C167F8A6858FCF343ADB2F6D3408DE" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Larva. Not described. Cocoons absent.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="67801D87FDA72B73B0D940CFC13C2C16" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="55AC472AF4E6974654940E419DD660F7" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C9CC342E5B57C14C11A0029A14B6F9C" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="572A8F029A78BF2123E4F41194CE24CA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to the Old World and currently contains 39 named species. Most occur in Madagascar and in the Afrotropics but five rare species have been recorded from the Indomalayan Region (China, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Philippines) and New Guinea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2880CCF7293AC3E2880FDE7CBA79EFBF" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="taxonomy and phylogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="4555505CBCD01DEF011BB2FFEB9580B2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Taxonomy and phylogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B33555B667DC52ADFD367836D55C054B" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="934E32CE1C8C2A7620F418B0AFB7A242" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised and keyed all species in the Afrotropical and Malagasy regions. They also classified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6141D40E66FF555D7D157FFDC5A24D47" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
|
||
species into three groups based on morphology, but it is unknown whether these are monophyletic. The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B2438E85F77AF92BF6204C929A4E13E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not well understood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F0E8C35D98BECC75336A3036B68AAC4" author="Brady, SG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" title="The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants." url="10.1186/1471-2148-14-93" volume="14" year="2014">Brady et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Borowiec, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9860950CC67184C38F90714E61193D57" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="31011EE29D3B5F65116842B1B72392C2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="057AD0F723E1D3528D5DD1FC60B1D734" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Despite relatively high species diversity very little is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23F19DC7EB7E30CD67F5D6AD5ABCC1CC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although several species have been recorded nesting arboreally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7BE4859E8089E275FE5D9CD20E4D7173" author="Brown, WL" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture (Ithaca, New York)" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 115" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, and Aenictogitini. Search." volume="5" year="1975">Brown 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="18E0D0704A90143ABAAE58021A9C1A2D" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One species, the Madagascan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="291B77F2DF0ABFF133085F33A5A5CE96" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone sicaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">Simopone sicaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was observed during a raid. The ants took the brood of arboreal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C630D48AAA60081B4221CDE56667EBEB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Terataner" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terataner alluaudi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">Terataner alluaudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
as prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9FC7995797EEE2A2F33E20B7B3BD65DC" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 101" title="Taxonomy of the cerapachyine ant genera Simopone Forel, Vicinopone gen. n. and Tanipone gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="3283" year="2012">Bolton and Fisher 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="88600D32F992A69C97BE28D9BF96D7E9" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Brood production appears not to be synchronized (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE8ECAE419B0F7B7141069A8736870E4" originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
|
||
observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C66ABA70FAF07E573778CEC9873EE4E8" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="species of simopone">
|
||
<paragraph id="FBF754E2892512E7FA1C7B3CACA1E63E" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16655911962E163623EDD26FFBF9CA90" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simopone</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB082386B7B2C617217AD01813A9403F" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62CE7B07C1F2E1209EBDA4EBA55B9071" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone amana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amana">Simopone amana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Gabon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F163B3396F5A2E749B9AC74567A1E974" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7776B64599E7942BC22471A91E9BD98D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone annettae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annettae">Simopone annettae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kutter, 1976: Cameroon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2640109C45A11EE8484ACFD5E85B139D" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="727BBEEFBE37DFA48086B10E0339FEB9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone bakeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">Simopone bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Menozzi, 1926: Singapore
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0710BF18074BE4474DAAFFECDFA491F4" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C22E73DE536630FCADE0CDF74AE25D1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone brunnea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">Simopone brunnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Gabon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E62F2CA9826D6300F1D1FE899C1C920F" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90A93989B6956C199326AF4B7B5D279E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone chapmani" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chapmani">Simopone chapmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Taylor, 1966: Philippines
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F22001E1EA909557704D9C7D17D9628" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A48DD693F3A4F8D7389C292FF6CD9A1C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone conradti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conradti">Simopone conradti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1899b: Cameroon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7AD8A75EB56E01A537FF1D1E38D5AF56" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08BF93BEDF91FA0534019854CDED1AB4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone consimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">Simopone consimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="23EC25A0AA3CA4A5042B27A170C8F7D3" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF0D953E7A7D54A03D60DAF5F52D881" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone dignita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dignita">Simopone dignita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1AE121B242DE2BA2BBE7C2421DD34D38" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC6C0BE8B91277358A033A131755E8F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone dryas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dryas">Simopone dryas</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Kenya
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A6534353FB2A2C12CC4F60D4A874ABE" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E52772CF8599C6B681263437E2F79E19" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone dux" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dux">Simopone dux</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B9275E0B3DF1B422DC2226A07CA837F" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A26DC5FB32E404F016B0DF6C5AE138CA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone elegans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">Simopone elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A294DBB1D9D1DBAFB98535E4D1BFCB4" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4B21C9B3BB831E9E949116538DF0B00" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone emeryi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeryi">Simopone emeryi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel, 1892b: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B8D97F65BE725C59D4ECD7CA18CEE7F8" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6105832C7BB85D8F2BFF58B58585F605" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone fera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fera">Simopone fera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="957879503373A524D69717ACD04E9D85" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6B40E902A265A38E122DC9AA28DEA56" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone fulvinodis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvinodis">Simopone fulvinodis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1923b: Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D48E3044D81143A17E3AA5EE05AD676" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3857A4D4222FEE48683833F7B1731DF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone grandidieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CA19A5D84856386FFEB63795B8896E1E" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" start="start">Simopone</pageBreakToken>
|
||
grandidieri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel, 1891: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="67F706CB2AEAA97B01B757FAF3EAFA3F" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A2C3CDA5D115E156D1ABD3A2066E2EB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone grandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Simopone grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1923b: Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B86979BA01A010BCC5431909BB21F01" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D186BD97DAA529E129EEB6E8E865C46" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone gressitti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gressitti">Simopone gressitti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Taylor, 1965: Indonesia (Papua)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10E611ADD9EDF80D603298709B4233E3" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CDBC9B451FC41DA56EB51DE1EB7CA43" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone inculta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inculta">Simopone inculta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA47F999F57C0EA1E3AEECF4E5D3CF14" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2AD9323DC23A92EE9E8245A11D8FEC7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone laevissima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevissima">Simopone laevissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
Arnold, 1954: Uganda
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D9151DB9CFFD4CF15E3CDA7A9451370" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE8FC4542F67E076C94BB871D97AE4F5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone latiscapa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latiscapa">Simopone latiscapa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Ghana
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="88A9B910F009ACC87AF1BD7BFE5D7AC5" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B8F472BE87FEC47FCDF3BAA58285B72" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone marleyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marleyi">Simopone marleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Arnold, 1915: South Africa
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="85ACC83CABD0CD24C83A0A11D908E014" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2402617DE5D1902D92C0A9CC61A14EA1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone matthiasi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matthiasi">Simopone matthiasi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kutter, 1977: Cameroon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F32B1089364832590A2F1F63897C9C9" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85C963563FAFA0EEDB9D03197B1A12E9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone mayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">Simopone mayri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1911: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="448E1C0017F6B4F530CE0AE39803F404" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="568F9533809B96C8E6F6C28FDB80FEEC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone merita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merita">Simopone merita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E0D46D24115A3E4FB68E7FD9E2B1AD4" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A809664A1D855FAF3F5F9427ABB445D2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone miniflava" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniflava">Simopone miniflava</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Gabon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="21356295D4EEEEADA55A00160E130478" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C37DAC12E0C7193E6BC4B1986D0117F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone nonnihil" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonnihil">Simopone nonnihil</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25083200C08AD3B2F211D3EBF727CBA1" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59A239F464BC1C98928518173A61DCD9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone occulta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">Simopone occulta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Gabon
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9640E7B1C013B33C9FBB5467257869AD" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F9FFCB247501D5E2803FF91C6AE0E06" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone oculata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">Simopone oculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Radchenko, 1993: Vietnam
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB9444684711D1C0938C88E0D1FD80EE" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A8BFB81A6F06F3B78938FF19EF0D0AC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone persculpta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persculpta">Simopone persculpta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Kenya
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79F3F54CA8A95A1745F5755892D666E3" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="180FDCD958745E7E3DE3D7E0299B3032" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone rabula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabula">Simopone rabula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Tanzania
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18C732267FDF9FC56EED40BE8B856E7D" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B5DC3672CA1DAAF56339C80809471FE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone rex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rex">Simopone rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86369BA457D5A135F22D9B2DDD35725D" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11733C4B286C08CC4097CFB3717BAFB7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone schoutedeni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">Simopone schoutedeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1923b: Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB5C5999940CC9FA0B6E642C56F89F14" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5576D5CFD35158ED9324655BDE4B185" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone sicaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicaria">Simopone sicaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E095793A98A2F512BAAD90EF66037D64" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B45C8362C10D47A4557DAE7D9B99084F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone silens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silens">Simopone silens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1B18B623294AF1F7069529545F53C7F" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="225D605BE6F351F78080C5C274DA67FC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone trita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trita">Simopone trita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A24082D13FFDB8AEF9E47C6B710F3C45" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADFF89B97713E5E63718CF73E8A041B5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone vepres" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vepres">Simopone vepres</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Ghana
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91C7D26A9858C874AD602A29507ED78A" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24F356A48708858C24324ADF0AD69E22" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone victrix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victrix">Simopone victrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bolton and Fisher, 2012: Madagascar
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="600ACB7434BA8D8DD664A6342C8F6E4F" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58345E34F21C95F7BD0FE98EE4A137AC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone wilburi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilburi">Simopone wilburi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Weber, 1949a: Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B1453BDA981BF1BF61F68FDB5CF9B008" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="104625B95186B1737D80C587349AD4BA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Simopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simopone yunnanensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">Simopone yunnanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chen, Zhou and Liang, 2015: China
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |