161 lines
38 KiB
XML
161 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efe4fcc7-0219-474d-9713-252e7c87f43e" ID-PMC="PMC7762752" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1005-21" ID-Pensoft-UUID="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" ID-PubMed="33390754" ID-ZooBank="B99544631D5746C3AB90751157C9D0B5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1005-21" checkinTime="1608382806526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Perrichot, Vincent & Chaul, Julio C. M." docDate="2020" docId="ED4248E9AD775762AFDC2F714D780049" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1005: 21-55" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1005" docPubDate="2020-12-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629" docTitle="Centromyrmex Mayr 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6" masterDocTitle="† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1668146648385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-0430</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA & Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Institut fuer Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, 1 Erberstrasse, 07743 Jena, Thueringen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">boudinotb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-0430</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences - UMR 6118, F- 35000, Rennes, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chaul, Julio C. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pos-Graduacao em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Vicosa, 36570 - 900, Vicosa, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-12-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1005</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>55</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1005-21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B99544631D5746C3AB90751157C9D0B5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">610C6AAD64DF5166BE70E5751EC47FD6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176167554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED4248E9AD775762AFDC2F714D780049" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED4248E9AD775762AFDC2F714D780049" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="ED4248E9-AD77-5762-AFDC-2F714D780049" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1866" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea Latreille, 1809</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="definition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Definition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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Detailed study of the †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Bethylonymidae" genus="Camelomecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelomecia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelomecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade has redefined the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Formicoidea">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
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and refined our understanding of the definition and evolutionary patterning of the total and crown
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot, BE" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" refId="B16" refString="Boudinot, BE, Khouri, Z, Richter, A, van de Kamp, T, Barden, P, Chaul, JCM, 2020a. Chapter II. The evolution of the ants: Extinct ant sister-group illuminates eusociality origin and post-K/Pg persistence. In: Boudinot BE 2020. Systematic and Evolutionary Morphology: Case Studies on Formicidae, Mesozoic Aculeata, and Hexapodan Genitalia. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis, 174-393." title="Chapter II. The evolution of the ants: Extinct ant sister-group illuminates eusociality origin and post-K / Pg persistence. In: Boudinot BE 2020. Systematic and Evolutionary Morphology: Case Studies on Formicidae, Mesozoic Aculeata, and Hexapodan Genitalia. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis, 174 - 393." year="2020 a">Boudinot et al. 2020a</bibRefCitation>
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). Formicoids, we now know, are a clade of Formicapoidina (sister to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Apoidea">Apoidea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050" author="Johnson, BR" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="2058 - 2062" refId="B35" refString="Johnson, BR, Borowiec, ML, Chiu, JC, Lee, EK, Atallah, J, Ward, PS, 2013. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. Current Biology 23: 2058 - 2062, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050" title="Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050" volume="23" year="2013">Johnson et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027" author="Branstetter, MG" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="1019 - 1025" refId="B19" refString="Branstetter, MG, Danforth, BN, Pitts, JP, Faircloth, BC, Ward, PS, Buffington, ML, Gates, MW, Kula, RR, Brady, SG, 2017. Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees. Current Biology 27: 1019 - 1025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027" title="Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027" volume="27" year="2017">Branstetter et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027" author="Peters, RS" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="1013 - 1018" refId="B58" refString="Peters, RS, Krogmann, L, Mayer, C, Donath, A, Gunkel, S, Meusemann, K, Kozlov, A, Podsiadlowski, L, Petersen, M, Lanfear, R, Diez, PA, Heraty, J, Kjer, KM, Klopfstein, S, Meier, R, Polidori, C, Schmitt, T, Liu, S, Zhou, X, Wappler, T, Rust, J, Misof, B, Niehuis, O, 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27: 1013 - 1018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027" title="Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027" volume="27" year="2017">Peters et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) defined by positive (i.e., non-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“absence”">"absence"</normalizedToken>
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character) morphological synapomorphies most of which form an innovation suite for cursorial or surface-based predation, including:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(1)</emphasis>
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prognathy and elongation of the postgenal bridge (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A lateral view of right side of head B full face view of head, right margin blurred on this view due to a folding of the facet. Box on bottom right evidencing scape under fluorescent microscopy C detail of clypeus, mandibles and labrum under fluorescent microscopy D posterodorsal view of anterior section of funiculus (pedicel plus flagellum), evincing pedicel and antennomeres III and IV. Abbreviations: a 3 - 5, antennomeres III-V; abdsw, abductor swelling; bs, bubble stream; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; clb, clypeal lobe; clt, clypeal teeth; crcond, cranial condyle; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; lbs, labral chaetae; mdcond, mandible condyle; mxp, maxillary palps; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; pd, pedicel; prvmdpr, posteroventral mandible process; sc, scape. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C); 0.02 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488488" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">13A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A profile of left side of body B profile of right side of body C dorsal view of mesosoma D delimited area of C under fluorescent light E details of the legs, especially the forelegs. Abbreviations: A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; aprntr, anterior pronotal rim; ca, calcar; mscx, mesocoxa; msfm, mesofemur; msnt, mesonotum; mspl, mesopleural region of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mssctl, mesoscutellum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtfm, metafemur; mtpl, metapleural region of metapectus; plant, plantulae; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; pretc, pretarsal claws; prfm, profemur; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum; proppj, propodeal projection; prots, protarsomeres I and II chaetae; prtbss, distal protibia stout chaeta; psctc, parascutal carina; sp, propodeal spiracle; strg, strigil. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488489" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">14B</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(2)</emphasis>
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enlargement of the dorsal (cranial) mandibular condyle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A lateral view of right side of head B full face view of head, right margin blurred on this view due to a folding of the facet. Box on bottom right evidencing scape under fluorescent microscopy C detail of clypeus, mandibles and labrum under fluorescent microscopy D posterodorsal view of anterior section of funiculus (pedicel plus flagellum), evincing pedicel and antennomeres III and IV. Abbreviations: a 3 - 5, antennomeres III-V; abdsw, abductor swelling; bs, bubble stream; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; clb, clypeal lobe; clt, clypeal teeth; crcond, cranial condyle; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; lbs, labral chaetae; mdcond, mandible condyle; mxp, maxillary palps; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; pd, pedicel; prvmdpr, posteroventral mandible process; sc, scape. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C); 0.02 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488488" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">13A</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(3)</emphasis>
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rotation of the antennal toruli laterad in females (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A lateral view of right side of head B full face view of head, right margin blurred on this view due to a folding of the facet. Box on bottom right evidencing scape under fluorescent microscopy C detail of clypeus, mandibles and labrum under fluorescent microscopy D posterodorsal view of anterior section of funiculus (pedicel plus flagellum), evincing pedicel and antennomeres III and IV. Abbreviations: a 3 - 5, antennomeres III-V; abdsw, abductor swelling; bs, bubble stream; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; clb, clypeal lobe; clt, clypeal teeth; crcond, cranial condyle; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; lbs, labral chaetae; mdcond, mandible condyle; mxp, maxillary palps; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; pd, pedicel; prvmdpr, posteroventral mandible process; sc, scape. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C); 0.02 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488488" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">13A, B</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(4)</emphasis>
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elongation of the procoxae (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A profile of left side of body B profile of right side of body C dorsal view of mesosoma D delimited area of C under fluorescent light E details of the legs, especially the forelegs. Abbreviations: A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; aprntr, anterior pronotal rim; ca, calcar; mscx, mesocoxa; msfm, mesofemur; msnt, mesonotum; mspl, mesopleural region of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mssctl, mesoscutellum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtfm, metafemur; mtpl, metapleural region of metapectus; plant, plantulae; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; pretc, pretarsal claws; prfm, profemur; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum; proppj, propodeal projection; prots, protarsomeres I and II chaetae; prtbss, distal protibia stout chaeta; psctc, parascutal carina; sp, propodeal spiracle; strg, strigil. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488489" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">14A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(5)</emphasis>
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partial to complete enclosure of the proximal protrochanteral articulations within the distal procoxal foramina (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A profile of left side of body B profile of right side of body C dorsal view of mesosoma D delimited area of C under fluorescent light E details of the legs, especially the forelegs. Abbreviations: A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; aprntr, anterior pronotal rim; ca, calcar; mscx, mesocoxa; msfm, mesofemur; msnt, mesonotum; mspl, mesopleural region of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mssctl, mesoscutellum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtfm, metafemur; mtpl, metapleural region of metapectus; plant, plantulae; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; pretc, pretarsal claws; prfm, profemur; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum; proppj, propodeal projection; prots, protarsomeres I and II chaetae; prtbss, distal protibia stout chaeta; psctc, parascutal carina; sp, propodeal spiracle; strg, strigil. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488489" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">14E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16E</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(6)</emphasis>
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internalization of the proximal meso- and metacoxal articulations within the mesosoma (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A profile of left side of body B profile of right side of body C dorsal view of mesosoma D delimited area of C under fluorescent light E details of the legs, especially the forelegs. Abbreviations: A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; aprntr, anterior pronotal rim; ca, calcar; mscx, mesocoxa; msfm, mesofemur; msnt, mesonotum; mspl, mesopleural region of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mssctl, mesoscutellum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtfm, metafemur; mtpl, metapleural region of metapectus; plant, plantulae; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; pretc, pretarsal claws; prfm, profemur; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum; proppj, propodeal projection; prots, protarsomeres I and II chaetae; prtbss, distal protibia stout chaeta; psctc, parascutal carina; sp, propodeal spiracle; strg, strigil. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488489" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">14B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(7)</emphasis>
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petiolation of the first metasomal segment (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Holotype of † Camelosphecia fossor sp. nov. A profile of left side of body B profile of right side of body C dorsal view of mesosoma D delimited area of C under fluorescent light E details of the legs, especially the forelegs. Abbreviations: A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; aprntr, anterior pronotal rim; ca, calcar; mscx, mesocoxa; msfm, mesofemur; msnt, mesonotum; mspl, mesopleural region of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mssctl, mesoscutellum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtfm, metafemur; mtpl, metapleural region of metapectus; plant, plantulae; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; pretc, pretarsal claws; prfm, profemur; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum; proppj, propodeal projection; prots, protarsomeres I and II chaetae; prtbss, distal protibia stout chaeta; psctc, parascutal carina; sp, propodeal spiracle; strg, strigil. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488489" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">14A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16A, D, E</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(8)</emphasis>
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gain of the anteroventral process of the petiolar sternum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16A</figureCitation>
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);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(9)</emphasis>
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buttressing of the metasomal waist through gain of the prora (an anteroventral process of the second metasomal sternum) (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16A, D</figureCitation>
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); plus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">(10)</emphasis>
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an angled juncture between the first free abscissae of Rs and M in the fore wing (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. A-C † Camelosphecia spp. females examined by images. Specimens in A (BALBuTJ _ 36) and C (BALBuTJ _ 40) are likely conspecifics to † C. fossor. Specimen in B (BALBuTJ _ 38) is probably another species in the genus, not described in here (images by Phil Barden, used with permission) D, E are generalized schemes of † Camelosphecia habitus and forewing, respectively, as interpreted from all specimens examined. Metathoracic sclerites in A-C are indicated with green dots. In D, pedicel and flagellomeres are omitted for simplification. Abbreviations as in Figure 14, except for prstA 4, presternite of A 4; prpl, propleuron; tbsp, tibial spurs; stA 4, sternite of A 4; stng, sting. Wing venation abbreviations: C, costal vein; Sc, subcostal vein; R, radial vein; Rs, radial sector vein; M, medial vein; Cu, cubital vein, A, anal vein; +, indicates composite vein; f , indicates free abscissa index; 2 r-rs, second radiosectoral crossvein; 2 rs-m, second sectoriomedial crossvein; 1 m-cu, first mediocubital crossvein; 1 cu-a, first cubitoanal crossvein; R (bc), radial or " basal " cell; 1 + 2 R (smc 1), undifferentiated first and second distal radial cells or " first submarginal cell "; 3 R (mc 1), third distal radial or " first marginal " cell; 1 Rs (smc 2), first sectorial or " second submarginal " cell; 1 M (dc 1), first medial or " discal " cell; 1 Cu (sbc), first cubital or " subbasal " cell; 2 Cu (sdc 1), second cubital or " first subdiscal " cell." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488490" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">15A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. † Camelosphecia venator sp. nov. holotype (NIGP 163574) A, D right and left profile view of body, respectively B, C right and left profile view of head, respectively E left mesosoma zooming. Abbreviations: ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; md, mandible; mm, masticatory margins; oc, ocelli; occ, occipital carina; A 2 - A 3; abdominal segments 2 and 3; mscx, mesocoxa; mspl, mesopleural area of mesopectus; mssctm, mesoscutum; mtcx, metacoxa; mtpl, metapleural area of mesopectus; oms, oblique mesopleural sulcus; pr, prora; prcx, procoxa; prnt, pronotum; prop, propodeum. Note that indication of clypeus in C is exactly at its margin as seen in profile, which is concave, and should not be confused with convex right compound eye margin, also indicated. Clypeal concave shape is better evidenced in figure B. Also in C, mm indicated is from the right mandible, while mandible indicated is that of the left side. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, D); 0.2 mm (B, C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/488491" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">16A, D</figureCitation>
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). The †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Bethylonymidae" genus="Camelomecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelomecia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelomecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade, in contrast to the total clade of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
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, probably lack the metapleural gland and apterous workers altogether, while also being defined by a combination of derived and plesiomorphic features (see, e.g., the key below). Based on direct examination of the unique specimen (holotype) of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barden & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Bethylonymidae" genus="Camelomecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelomecia janovitzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janovitzi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Camelomecia janovitzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BEB at the AMNH, 2017), presence of this gland is uncertain and requires further scrutiny.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |