291 lines
29 KiB
XML
291 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Callogorgia kinoshitai Kuekenthal 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="242" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>860</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:end>306</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE45F8B635E259D1B7ABDA0646509B4E" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="237" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
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<taxonomicName LSID="de45f8b6-35e2-59d1-b7ab-da0646509b4e" authority="Kuekenthal, 1913" authorityName="Kuekenthal" authorityYear="1913" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="54" pageNumber="237" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
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Callogorgia kinoshitai (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1913)
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">Figures 33A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">34A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="54" pageNumber="237">
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35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="238" start="start">Callogorgia</pageBreakToken>
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kinoshitae
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1913: 264-266; text figs E, F, pl 8, fig. 10 (=
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Caligorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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, 1913: 264-266 [spelling difference]); 1919: 370; 1924: 270.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">Callogorgia kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="116 - 160" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" refId="B9" refString="Bayer, FM, 1982. Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95: 116 - 160" title="Some New and Old species of the Primnoid Genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the Related Genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/972" volume="95" year="1982">Bayer 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 122.
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="89" pageNumber="272" pagination="511 - 541" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007b. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts. . Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria; Anthozoa) from Eastern Pacific Seamounts." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7491" volume="58" year="2007 b">Cairns 2007b</bibRefCitation>
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: 512 (listed).
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="90" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B46" refString="Cairns, SD, Bayer, FM, 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1 - 79" title="A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629" volume="629" year="2009">Cairns and Bayer 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 29 (listed).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
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(?)
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="238" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">Caligorgia sertosa</taxonomicName>
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Wright & Studer, 1889: 75-77.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 715.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="238" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="238">
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USA, California, 218-2472 m. Possible collection location for type La Jolla, San Diego, based on work of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="219 - 270" refId="B124" refString="Kuekenthal, W, 1913. Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik 35: 219 - 270" title="Ueber die Alcyonarienfauna Californiens und ihre tiergeo-graphischen Beziehungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16718" volume="35" year="1913">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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(1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="55" pageNumber="238" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="239" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Repository of type(s) unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">6 lots (see Appendix 3: List of material examined).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Colony</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33A</figureCitation>
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) flabellate, usually branched in regularly alternate, pinnate pattern; some colonies (often main branches) rarely dichotomous; most branches in one plane. Maximum colony height over 30 cm (base excluded); average height of colonies in SBMNH collection
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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15 cm. Central stem slightly bent in geniculate (jointed, zig-zag) pattern, giving off branches at angles or joints; few branches give off branchlets in similar manner. Distance between branches/branchlets on same side of central stem roughly one cm (slightly larger than one cm closer to base and less than one cm toward tips of branchlets). All branchlets unbranched, parallel to each other. Distal ends of branchlets extremely thin, more flexible, with branchlets often recurved back on themselves. Axis stiff, longitudinally striated; creamy yellow to tan, covered with fairly thin coenenchyme. Color of living colony (?)white to creamy-white; perhaps very light pinkish-beige; color in alcohol creamy whitish-beige to light tan. Five or six polyps (rarely four) regularly arranged in each whorl (most common number being five); whorl diameter 2.1-2.2 mm; generally, four to five whorls per centimeter of branch length. Minimal distance between whorls no more than 1.0 mm (often less), but evident. Polyps 2.0 mm tall; slightly clavate, covered in four to eight rows of nearly spindle-shaped (rods) sclerites; polyps strongly curved from base outward, upward and inward toward axis (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422990. A Colony; height (base missing) ~ 30 cm B SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="56" pageNumber="239">Figure 33B</figureCitation>
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), thus apertures directed toward
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<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="240" start="start">stem</pageBreakToken>
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or branch. Sclerites (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982. A Light microscopy array, 4 x magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites B Array of representative scales, 10 x magnification, SBMNH 422982; a abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow b possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base c outer lateral scale d opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239 µm in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117 - 217 µm and very small spindles ~ 28 µm in length." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">Figures 34A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="57" pageNumber="240">
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35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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) predominantly scales, flattened (sometimes oblong, fusiform; some appearing as flattened caveman clubs) on stem and branches, with long tooth-like spines, and radiating ribs. Outer sclerite surface may also have many small to medium-sized warts, bumps and granules. Scales im
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="241" start="start">bricating</pageBreakToken>
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(like roof tiles), fan-shaped on polyp walls. Aperture edge of polyp with ctenate marginal scales, inside of which are bases of eight opercular scales; these form tall, pyramidal opercula, with height ~0.5 mm. Opercular scales (Figures 34Bd, 35D) distinctly differentiated from body scales, not overreached by marginals, not bending
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<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="start">inward</pageBreakToken>
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over them. Individual opercular scales elongate triangles, especially on abaxial side, forming a conspicuous, elongated spine when polyp is fully retracted; these scales bear thickened, longitudinal ridges on their inner surface, ending with truncated points. Opercular scales up to ~0.65 mm long by 0.2 mm wide at broader end; adaxial opercular scales much smaller. Upper layer (ring) of marginal scales (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Figure 35E</figureCitation>
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) large, with radiating ribs, furrowed at their edge; others (proceeding proximally) show these markings feebly, if at all. Longitudinal rows of scales on polyp body commonly numbering seven (rarely eight), best seen on abaxial and lateral sides (inner lateral scales number four on each side of polyp); only abaxial rows of body scales complete. Adaxial rows reduced or absent; if present, generally two scales placed distally, two proximally, revealing large area of naked adaxial wall; thus, total number of scales within a row varies, but typically eight (with six to nine possible) scales in row; most numerous on exposed, abaxial side. Largest body wall scales, abaxial (Figures 34Ba, b, 35E); abaxial scales near tip of polyp smaller, those of adaxial side up to ~0.1 mm across by 0.1 mm tall. Lateral scales slightly smaller (Figure 34Bc). Coenenchymal sclerites (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Callogorgia kinoshitai, SBMNH 422982, SEM image. A Small, developing coenenchymal rods B Very flattened, " odd " coenenchymal rods C Coenenchymal rods D Opercular scales E Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
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Figure 35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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) dense, as elongated, nearly spindle-shaped rods often covered with numerous thorns or prickles.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314880" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
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Figure 33.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422990.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
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Colony; height (base missing) ~30 cm
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
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SBMNH 422982, branch close-up, illustrating arrangement of polyps in whorls, each polyp curving strongly upward and inward toward branch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314881" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
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Figure 34.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422982.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
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Light microscopy array, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification, showing variety of large scales (body wall, coenenchymal, opercular, etc.) as well as very small coenenchymal rod-like sclerites
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
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Array of representative scales, 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification, SBMNH 422982;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">a</emphasis>
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abaxial body wall scale, indicated by arrow
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">b</emphasis>
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possible inner lateral or abaxial from polyp base
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">c</emphasis>
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outer lateral scale
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">d</emphasis>
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opercular scale. Opercular scales average 239
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length, body wall scales range in breadth from 117-217
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and very small spindles ~28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in length.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.860.34317.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314882" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
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Figure 35.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SBMNH 422982, SEM image.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">A</emphasis>
|
||
Small, developing coenenchymal rods
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">B</emphasis>
|
||
Very flattened,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“odd”">"odd"</normalizedToken>
|
||
coenenchymal rods
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C</emphasis>
|
||
Coenenchymal rods
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">D</emphasis>
|
||
Opercular scales
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">E</emphasis>
|
||
Highly ridged abaxials (polyp tip). Sclerite forms shown here correspond to figures shown in Cairn and Bayer 2002 for species in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Named in honor of Kumao Kinoshita of Japan (Cairns 2018).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Callogorgia kinoshitai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to extend from Monterey Bay to as far south as Chile, based on collection location data found recorded at several institutions (see Appendix 3: List of material examined). Based on specimens housed in SBMNH collection, it would appear that the species does extend further north, into waters off Oregon and Washington (USA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||
Generally found in deep water (averaging 800-1,000 meters). Intertwined amongst branches may be found moderate to large
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" lsidName="Calcaxonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with either what appear to be anemones (quite large, very fleshy and wrinkled) and/or possibly a type of acorn barnacle, attached to stems and branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="242" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1919
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) speculated that the species
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
might be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Caligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caligorgia sertosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">Caligorgia sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wright & Studer, 1889 (note error in spelling of genus name), as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated five localities for what he called
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all in the vicinity of USA, California, San Diego, Point Loma light-house. Nutting also established the type for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that being collected at Station 192, off Kei Island, South Pacific, 255 m, by R/V
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Challenger’">'Challenger'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Perhaps
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nutting’s">Nutting's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens from the San Diego area should be ascribed to this species rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In any event, the two are indeed separate species. Researchers with greater exposure to, and expertise on, this species (SD Cairns) should be consulted regarding legitimacy of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as senior synonym. Cordeiro et al. (2019) does not show this synonymy in the WoRMS Database. Earlier descriptions for both
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kinoshitae" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="kinoshitae">C. kinoshitae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="59" pageNumber="242" refId="B127">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1919)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly indicated the distinct differences used to distinguish between these two species. Based on locations of collection events, with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="59" pageNumber="242" rank="species" species="sertosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="242">C. sertosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having its type collected from Kei Island in the South Pacific, the two appear to be separate, distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |