231 lines
24 KiB
XML
231 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="B3947703CF98F2DBC482FEEBD09A8D47" ID-CLB-Dataset="32254" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="704cb2ad-27f5-4fe1-bedf-12c20ff52146" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="855771" ID-ZooBank="2B704D83-8Fb5-41C6-B558-3A1Dbe9Ede66" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504174383260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Collins, Steve C." docDate="2017" docId="DB357E4FAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7C892FB54" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hesperiinae Latreille 1809" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="270C0637AB0FFF86FF8AB00FCC42FFCB" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1698467563443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="881DCD20A758885882C293A7FCB95765">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4473B7EABA872DD39113D38D36E1D46">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="17CD74895B2266F86412F2ABD8979F92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8F9D60F62EF6D30B2E06C8934C62B611">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="84B7E51AB3CBC01FB3346629688D879C">
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<mods:date id="3E9ED638C980AA9BE2207BB7BF3A9C8F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="884B5943CDCF88CFF7DC0E4AF780BE4E">2017-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="08E02016EC6F78E0D2841467E8E6331A">4312</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DB357E4FAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7C892FB54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029825" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029825" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB357E4FAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7C892FB54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB357E4FAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7C892FB54" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
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<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB1EFF97FF1DB1B7C805FBC4" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB1EFF97FF1DB1B7CDDBFE19" blockId="17.[151,409,440,466]" box="[151,409,440,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
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<heading id="086B7835AB1EFF97FF1DB1B7CDDBFE19" bold="true" box="[151,409,440,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7CDDBFE19" bold="true" box="[151,409,440,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FF1DB1B7CD6DFE19" ID-CoL="93MWY" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[151,303,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FEB1B1B7CDDBFE19" authorityName="Doherty" authorityYear="1866" box="[315,409,440,466]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB1EFF97FF1DB1F0C805FBC4" blockId="17.[151,1436,510,1183]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FF1DB1F0CD1AFDDC" box="[151,344,510,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Fan, X., Chiba, H., Huang, Z., Fei, W., Wang, M. & Safian, S. (2016) Phylogenetic framework of the tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) inferred from multiple gene sequences. PLoS ONE, 11 (7), e 0156861. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0156861" type="journal article">
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Fan
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF40B1F0CCBFFDDC" box="[202,253,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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used multiple gene sequences to clarify the phylogeny of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FC70B1F1C813FDDC" authorityName="Doherty" authorityYear="1866" box="[1018,1105,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
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, which they confirmed to be monophyletic. Based on eight species of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FDF0B22DCF17FDF0" authority="Evans, 1949" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[634,853,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FDF0B22DCE82FDF0" box="[634,704,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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Evans, 1949
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</taxonomicName>
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included in their analysis, they found
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FA99B22DC91BFDF0" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[1299,1369,546,571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FA99B22DC91BFDF0" box="[1299,1369,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be polyphyletic and accordingly validated the genus
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FD4EB249CFC9FD95" authority="Lee" authorityName="Lee" authorityYear="1966" box="[708,907,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pseudoborbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FD4EB249CF1BFD94" box="[708,857,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Pseudoborbo</emphasis>
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Lee
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</taxonomicName>
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for the Asian
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FBA6B248C8B5FD94" authority="(Moore)" authorityName="Moore" box="[1068,1271,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pseudoborbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bevani">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FBA6B248C8D1FD94" box="[1068,1171,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">P. bevani</emphasis>
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(Moore)
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</taxonomicName>
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and attempted to establish a new genus,
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FE42B263CF6AFD48" authority="Chiba, Fan & Safian" authorityName="Chiba, Fan & Safian" box="[456,808,618,643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vanikoridae" genus="Larsenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FE42B263CE6EFD48" box="[456,556,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Larsenia</emphasis>
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Chiba, Fan & Sáfián
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</taxonomicName>
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to accommodate
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FC73B263C8A9FD48" authority="(Mabille)" authorityName="Mabille" box="[1017,1259,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemella">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FC73B263C837FD48" box="[1017,1141,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. gemella</emphasis>
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(Mabille)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FB71B263CCACFD6C" authority="(Druce)" authorityName="Druce" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perobscura">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FB71B263C9D9FD48" box="[1275,1435,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. perobscura</emphasis>
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(Druce)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FEA6B280CDAAFD6C" authority="(Plotz)" authorityName="Plotz" box="[300,488,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holtzi">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FEA6B280CDCCFD6C" box="[300,398,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. holtzi</emphasis>
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(Plötz)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately,
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FD25B280CF51FD6D" box="[687,787,655,678]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vanikoridae" genus="Larsenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FD25B280CF51FD6D" box="[687,787,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Larsenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an invalid homonym as the name is preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FF1DB2BBCD0DFD00" authority="Waren" authorityName="Waren" box="[151,335,691,715]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vanikoridae" genus="Larsenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF1DB2BBCCB9FD00" box="[151,251,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Larsenia</emphasis>
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Warén
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus of marine gastropod molluscs, so the
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FCFAB2BDCF86FD00" authorityName="Doherty" authorityYear="1866" box="[880,964,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
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genus will need to be renamed. Further work will also be needed to allocate the remaining species of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FCD5B2D9CFE7FD24" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[863,933,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FCD5B2D9CFE7FD24" box="[863,933,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to their correct genera. Of the three
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FADCB2D9C9DEFD24" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[1366,1436,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FADCB2D9C9DEFD24" box="[1366,1436,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species that we reared (
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FE16B2F5CEE5FCD8" author="Cock" box="[412,679,762,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Cock, M. J. W. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2012) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini. Zootaxa, 3438, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">Cock & Congdon 2012</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FD31B2F3CF9AFCD8" authority="(Boisduval)" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[699,984,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonica">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FD31B2F3CF0FFCD8" box="[699,845,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. borbonica</emphasis>
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(Boisduval)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FB85B2F3C942FCD8" authority="(Hopffer)" authorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1039,1280,762,787]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatuellus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FB85B2F3C8CCFCD8" box="[1039,1166,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. fatuellus</emphasis>
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(Hopffer)
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</taxonomicName>
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remain in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FF54B311CD66FCFC" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[222,292,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF54B311CD66FCFC" box="[222,292,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FED6B310CE76FCFC" authority="(Hopffer)" authorityName="Hopffer" box="[348,564,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugens">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FED6B310CD81FCFC" box="[348,451,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. lugens</emphasis>
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(Hopffer)
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</taxonomicName>
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was not treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FC86B310CF8AFCFC" box="[780,968,798,823]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Fan, X., Chiba, H., Huang, Z., Fei, W., Wang, M. & Safian, S. (2016) Phylogenetic framework of the tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) inferred from multiple gene sequences. PLoS ONE, 11 (7), e 0156861. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0156861" type="journal article">
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Fan
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FCB6B310CF2FFCFC" box="[828,877,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Based on the caterpillars, we consider
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FA0EB310CCBAFC90" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatuellus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FA0EB310CCBAFC90" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. fatuellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FEA4B34BCDD4FC90" box="[302,406,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugens">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FEA4B34BCDD4FC90" box="[302,406,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. lugens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be closely related, but the caterpillar of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FCF2B34BC848FC90" box="[888,1034,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonica">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FCF2B34BC848FC90" box="[888,1034,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. borbonica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the type species of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FB78B34DC97AFC90" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[1266,1336,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FB78B34DC97AFC90" box="[1266,1336,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is more similar to that of
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FEF8B368CDBFFCB4" box="[370,509,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Afrogegenes</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FD80B369CF60FCB4" authority="(Wallengren)" authorityName="Wallengren" box="[522,802,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apallaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="letterstedti">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FD80B369CEC0FCB4" box="[522,642,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">letterstedti</emphasis>
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|
(Wallengren)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(=
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FCDDB368CFC4FCB5" box="[855,902,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">niso</emphasis>
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Linnaeus auct.).
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FBD6B368C9DEFCB4" box="[1116,1436,870,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="De Jong, R. & Coutsis, J. G. (2017) A re-appraisal of Gegenes Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) based on male and female genitalia, with the description of a new genus, Afrogegenes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 160, 41 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 16001003" type="journal article">De Jong & Coutsis (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FE80B384CDD7FC68" box="[266,405,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Afrogegenes</emphasis>
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|
for three species previously placed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FCC2B384CFEAFC69" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[840,936,907,930]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FCC2B384CFEAFC69" box="[840,936,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Gegenes</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
:
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|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FC32B384C814FC68" box="[952,1110,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FC32B384C810FC68" box="[952,1106,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apallaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="letterstedti">A. letterstedti</taxonomicName>
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|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
A.
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FB0BB385C8B0FC68" box="[1153,1266,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">hottentota</emphasis>
|
|
(Latreille) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FF1DB3A0CD0BFC0C" authority="(Evans)" authorityName="Evans" box="[151,329,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apallaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocra">
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|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF1DB3A0CCABFC0D" box="[151,233,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">A. ocra</emphasis>
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|
(Evans)
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. Although
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FE4EB3A0CE3FFC0C" box="[452,637,942,967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Fan, X., Chiba, H., Huang, Z., Fei, W., Wang, M. & Safian, S. (2016) Phylogenetic framework of the tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) inferred from multiple gene sequences. PLoS ONE, 11 (7), e 0156861. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0156861" type="journal article">
|
|
Fan
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FE7EB3A0CE61FC0C" box="[500,547,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
include
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FD56B3A0C849FC0C" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[732,1035,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nostrodamas">
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FD56B3A0CFC8FC0C" box="[732,906,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">G. nostrodamas</emphasis>
|
|
(Fabricius)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in their analysis, unfortunately they do not include any
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FE09B3DCCE4CFC20" box="[387,526,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Afrogegenes</emphasis>
|
|
spp. Based on the caterpillars,
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FC06B3DCC855FC20" box="[908,1047,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Afrogegenes</emphasis>
|
|
may be closer to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FB7DB3DDC97FFC20" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1949" box="[1271,1341,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FB7DB3DDC97FFC20" box="[1271,1341,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Borbo</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FF1DB3F8CCB5FBC5" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,247,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Gegenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FF1DB3F8CCB5FBC5" box="[151,247,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">Gegenes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. More rearing and more genetic analysis will be needed to take this further.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB1EFF97FF4DB415C892FB54" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB1EFF97FF4DB415C892FB54" blockId="17.[151,1436,510,1183]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FF4DB415CD9CFBF8" author="Cock" box="[199,478,1050,1075]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Cock, M. J. W. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2012) Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini. Zootaxa, 3438, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">Cock & Congdon (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
overlooked the observation by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB1EFF97FCCAB415C859FBF8" author="Sevastopulo" box="[832,1051,1050,1075]" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1964) Attraction of butterflies to light. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 18, 73 - 74." type="journal article" year="1964">Sevastopulo (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FBD9B413C8A7FBF8" box="[1107,1253,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Borbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonica">
|
|
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB1EFF97FBD9B413C8A7FBF8" box="[1107,1253,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="488">B. borbonica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be attracted to light by night. In our experience, crepuscular species may be attracted to light at dusk or dawn. In addition, many species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB1EFF97FEDDB46DCD9EFBB0" baseAuthorityName="Noyes" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[343,476,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and other butterfly families) are rarely attracted to lights by night, but we attribute this to individuals being disturbed and taking flight at night rather than true nocturnal behaviour.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |