280 lines
30 KiB
XML
280 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="7453A647DB63075639C16380E39A90D2" ID-CLB-Dataset="32254" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="704cb2ad-27f5-4fe1-bedf-12c20ff52146" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="855771" ID-ZooBank="2B704D83-8Fb5-41C6-B558-3A1Dbe9Ede66" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504174383260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Collins, Steve C." docDate="2017" docId="DB357E4FAB0BFF80FF1DB2D7CFFFF9A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Coeliades ramanatek subsp. ramanatek Boisduval 1883" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="477" masterDocId="270C0637AB0FFF86FF8AB00FCC42FFCB" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="475" updateTime="1698467563443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="048D377135B3501F211B86ED2A862C76">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8163A904D9A8451163BB0B91C2C1A499">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87858F6C089CFB30E7C0F03CE8F2B0CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BE5B7B3FAFEFBE1E3A1FD58D3CFA2481">
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<mods:date id="D4351EE2771802EF3C8D433F869CC0D0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC40D227CFE977AB82FB077D0233764B">2017-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E78CA0A86C875A552A0535DA8E9A9E87">4312</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DB357E4FAB0BFF80FF1DB2D7CFFFF9A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB357E4FAB0BFF80FF1DB2D7CFFFF9A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB357E4FAB0BFF80FF1DB2D7CFFFF9A6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CD15FBC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CEBDFD39" blockId="4.[151,767,728,754]" box="[151,767,728,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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<heading id="086B7835AB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CEBDFD39" bold="true" box="[151,767,728,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CEBDFD39" ID-CoL="WQBD" authority="ramanatek (Boisduval, 1883)" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,767,728,754]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CEBDFD39" bold="true" box="[151,767,728,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FF1DB2D7CE62FD39" bold="true" box="[151,544,728,754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
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(Boisduval, 1883)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0BFF82FF1DB310CD15FBC4" blockId="4.[151,1436,798,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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TCEC and SCC found early stages of this species commonly on a large-leaved
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FBDFB310C8D8FCFD" box="[1109,1178,799,822]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FBDFB310C8D8FCFD" box="[1109,1178,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Trema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FB56B311C931FCFC" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[1244,1395,798,823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) at Ranomafana, east central Madagascar at the end of
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<date id="2722E999AB0BFF82FD6FB34DCF30FC90" box="[741,882,834,859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" value="2013-03">March 2013</date>
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. Alain Gauthier (pers. comm. 2015) found it on
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FF1DB368CD0DFCB4" box="[151,335,870,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FF1DB368CD0DFCB4" box="[151,335,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Trema orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at Andasibe and La Mandraka in
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<date id="2722E999AB0BFF82FD42B368CF78FCB4" box="[712,826,870,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" value="2015-05">May 2015</date>
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and David C. Lees (pers. comm. 2017) has found it on the same food plant at Analamay (west of Mantady) and Saha, Anjozorobe Forest. Two species of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FB79B383C97AFC68" box="[1267,1336,908,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FB79B383C97AFC68" box="[1267,1336,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Trema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur in
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB0BFF82FF1DB3A1CEC1FC0C" box="[151,643,942,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" refString="Madagascar Catalogue (2013) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, U. S. A. & Antananarivo, Madagascar. Available from: http: // www. efloras. org / madagascar (accessed 1 July 2015)" type="journal article">Madagascar (Madagascar Catalogue 2013)</bibRefCitation>
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: the widespread
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FCCFB3A0CF8CFC0C" box="[837,974,942,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FCCFB3A0CF8CFC0C" box="[837,974,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">T. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the endemic
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FB15B3A0C968FC0C" authorityName="Leroy" authorityYear="1948" box="[1183,1322,942,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FB15B3A0C968FC0C" box="[1183,1322,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">T. humbertii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is restricted to central and south-west of Madagascar (
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB0BFF82FD5CB3DCCF1FFC20" author="Leroy" box="[726,861,978,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" refString="Leroy, J. - F. (1952) 54 e Famille. - Ulmacees. Flore de Magascar et des Comores, 54, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1952">Leroy 1952</bibRefCitation>
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). Accordingly, the food plant at Ranomafana could be either species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB0BFF80FF4DB415CFFFF9A6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0BFF82FF4DB415CE2DFAC0" blockId="4.[151,1436,798,1291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0BFF82FF4DB415CFFFFBB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262069" location="A" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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The penultimate instar caterpillar is black with white and yellow markings (
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<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB0BFF82FBCEB415C8E8FBF8" box="[1092,1194,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1346,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1346,1871]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Penultimate instar Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek collected 30 Mar 2013 on Trema sp., Ranomafana, east central Madagascar, 30 Mar 2013; photographed 6 Apr 2013 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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). Head black, matt, rugose. Pronotum black with a white transverse band, interrupted dorsally. Body black with narrow white subdorsal line T2–
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FEE6B46CCDC0FBB0" box="[364,386,1123,1147]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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8; stronger yellow dorsolateral line, interrupted T2
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</materialsCitation>
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–
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FC47B46CCFA6FBB0" box="[973,996,1123,1147]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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1, thicker and continuous
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FA88B46CC95AFBB0" box="[1282,1304,1123,1147]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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2
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</materialsCitation>
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–
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<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0BFF82FABCB46CC923FB08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262068" location="A" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FABCB46CC90EFBB0" box="[1334,1356,1123,1147]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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8; large yellow spot laterally in anterior half of
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FDD1B488CE33FB54" box="[603,625,1159,1183]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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3 and
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FD3DB489CE8CFB54" box="[695,718,1158,1183]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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5, similar but smaller spot on
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FBA9B488C87FFB54" box="[1059,1085,1159,1183]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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1; a short yellow bar extending from dorsolateral line on posterior margin of
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FD2DB4A4CEFDFB08" box="[679,703,1195,1219]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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8; 3–4 transverse rows of pale dots in posterior half of
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FAC8B4A5C91BFB08" box="[1346,1369,1194,1219]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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1
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</materialsCitation>
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–
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<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0BFF82FAF8B4A5CD60FAC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262079" location="A" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FAF8B4A5C9CBFB08" box="[1394,1417,1194,1219]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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6; yellow and white lateral line, thick and yellow T1–T2, thin and white T3, white with a yellow section in middle of segment,
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FE88B4FCCD5BFAC0" box="[258,281,1267,1291]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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1
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</materialsCitation>
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–
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<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0BFF82FEBEB4FCCE2DFAC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262067" box="[308,623,1266,1291]" location="A" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0BFF82FEBEB4FCCD09FAC0" box="[308,331,1267,1291]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">A</collectingRegion>
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8; ventrolateral white line.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="07E39FD1AB0BFF82FF1DB768CF1EF850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855791/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" targetBox="[151,1435,1346,1870]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0BFF82FF1DB768CF1EF850" blockId="4.[151,1435,1895,1947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FF1DB768CD52F8B7" bold="true" box="[151,272,1895,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
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. Penultimate instar
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FE7BB768CF01F8B6" authority="ramanatek" box="[497,835,1895,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FE7BB768CF01F8B6" box="[497,835,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected 30 Mar 2013 on
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0BFF82FBE6B767C8E8F8B6" box="[1132,1194,1896,1917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0BFF82FBE6B767C8E8F8B6" box="[1132,1194,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Trema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., Ranomafana, east central Madagascar, 30 Mar 2013; photographed 6 Apr 2013 [TCEC].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0AFF83FF4DB098C958FDD3" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
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||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FF4DB098CF1EFE8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262070" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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The final instar is a more heavily marked version of the penultimate instar with a red-brown head (
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<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB0AFF83FAA1B098C9CCFF7B" box="[1323,1422,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,591,1615]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Final instar Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek collected 30 Mar 2013 on Trema sp., Ranomafana, east central Madagascar, 30 Mar 2013; photographed 6 Apr 2013 [TCEC]. 1, dorsolateral view; 2, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855795/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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). Head red-brown, matt, rugose; diffuse dark line each side of epicranial suture, extending indistinctly adjacent to adfrontal suture. Pronotum black, with anterior and posterior margin narrowly white; T1 laterally yellow in line with lateral yellow and white line of body. Body dark, but not black; scattered short, pale, inconspicuous setae; subdorsal white line T2–
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FE39B127CD8BFE8B" box="[435,457,296,320]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
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||
8; thick, yellow dorsolateral line T2
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</materialsCitation>
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||
–
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||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FCE6B127CE4BFE43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262080" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
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||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FCE6B127CFC0FE8B" box="[876,898,296,320]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
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8, pale yellow towards posterior margin of each segment, pale yellow
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||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FE06B143CDE1FEAF" box="[396,419,332,356]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
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||
8, diverging towards posterior margin; a short white bar extends laterally from dorsolateral line, near posterior margin of T2
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FD92B17FCDD9FE66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262077" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FD92B17FCE6FFE43" box="[536,557,368,392]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
2 and on posterior margin
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FCD0B17FCF30FE43" box="[858,882,368,392]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
8; three lateral rows of white dots adjacent to the posterior margin of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FEF6B19BCDD1FE66" box="[380,403,404,429]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FE26B19BCF18FE67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262073" box="[428,858,404,429]" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FE26B19BCD81FE66" box="[428,451,404,429]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
6, the most anterior of which on T3
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FCE3B19BCEA0FE1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262072" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FCE3B19BCF3CFE67" box="[873,894,404,428]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
2 are in line with the white bar just mentioned; conspicuous yellow spots in anterior half of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FD05B1B7CEEAFE1B" box="[655,680,440,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
1,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FD4BB1B8CE94FE1B" box="[705,726,439,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
3
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E3F4C504AB0AFF83FD7BB1B8C958FDD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587262075" location="A" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FD7BB1B8CF44FE1B" box="[753,774,439,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
5 and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FCC6B1B7CF21FE1B" box="[844,867,440,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
7, those of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FC55B1B7CFB7FE1B" box="[991,1013,440,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
3 and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB0AFF83FBB0B1B8C812FE1B" box="[1082,1104,439,464]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">A</collectingRegion>
|
||
5 being significantly larger; a thick yellow and pale yellow lateral line; a thick white ventrolateral line, the area between this and the lateral line speckled white; anal plate unmarked; legs brown; prolegs white-brown; spiracles brown, in lateral line.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="07E39FD1AB0AFF83FF1DB668C8C5F957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855795/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" targetBox="[151,1436,591,1615]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0AFF83FF1DB668C8C5F957" blockId="5.[151,1436,1639,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0AFF83FF1DB668CD52F9B7" bold="true" box="[151,272,1639,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Final instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0AFF83FE23B668CEB8F9B6" authority="ramanatek" box="[425,762,1639,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0AFF83FE23B668CEB8F9B6" box="[425,762,1639,1661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected 30 Mar 2013 on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB0AFF83FB95B666C81FF9B5" box="[1055,1117,1641,1662]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0AFF83FB95B666C81FF9B5" box="[1055,1117,1641,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Trema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., Ranomafana, east central Madagascar, 30 Mar 2013; photographed 6 Apr 2013 [TCEC].
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0AFF83FC96B689CF6AF950" bold="true" box="[796,808,1670,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">1</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB0AFF83FC78B689CFBCF950" bold="true" box="[1010,1022,1670,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">2</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB0AFF83FF4DB6C6CF76F85D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1737,1942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">The pupa is light brown, almost completely covered with a uniform layer of white wax, interrupted with scattered bare dots on abdomen; short, blunt, black, upturned, frontal spike; prominently protruding black T1 spiracles, and a dark dot slightly dorsal to these; other spiracles black, conspicuous; inconspicuous, erect, pale setae dorsally on thorax. The pupa is attached at the cremaster and supported by a Y-shaped silk girdle. The posterior margin of A4 and anterior margin of A5 are curiously striated dorsally; we have not noticed such a pattern before and have no evidence to suggest what function it may have.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="07E39FD1AB09FF80FF1DB4A0C8E4FB2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1175]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB09FF80FF1DB4A0C8E4FB2F" blockId="6.[151,1435,1199,1252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF1DB4A0CD4CFB0F" bold="true" box="[151,270,1199,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FEF7B4A0CE89FB0E" authority="ramanatek" box="[381,715,1199,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FEF7B4A0CE89FB0E" box="[381,715,1199,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Coeliades ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected 30 Mar 2013 as caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FBF9B4BFC8F3FB0E" box="[1139,1201,1200,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FBF9B4BFC8F3FB0E" box="[1139,1201,1200,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Trema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., Ranomafana, east central Madagascar, 30 Mar 2013; photographed 10 Apr 2013 [TCEC].
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FCFEB4C1CFC3FB28" bold="true" box="[884,897,1230,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">1</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FB98B4C1C85DFB28" bold="true" box="[1042,1055,1230,1251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">2</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB09FF80FF4DB51FCFFFF9A6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1296,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
|
||
These caterpillar descriptions and figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FD5FB51ECFB4FAE2" authority="ramanatek" box="[725,1014,1296,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FD5FB51ECFB4FAE2" box="[725,1014,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very different to those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB09FF80FAEBB51FCCB2FA86" author="Cock" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010 b) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1." type="book" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Cock (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on blown caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FDC4B53ACFEBFA87" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[590,937,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="comorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FDC4B53ACF1DFA86" box="[590,863,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. ramanatek comorana</emphasis>
|
||
Evans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the BMNH. So much so, that we suggest either these two subspecies are two different species with very different caterpillars, or there is additional cryptic diversity within the species, or the material in the BMNH is misidentified. If caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FB77B572CD4BFA72" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="comorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FB77B572CD4BFA72" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. ramanatek comorana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found and documented, this should help to clarify the position. SCC and Ivan Bampton found this subspecies on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FE0EB5C9CD8BFA16" box="[388,457,1478,1501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FE0EB5C9CD8BFA16" box="[388,457,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Trema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. at LaGrille, Grande Comoro in 1991 but it was not documented. Alain Gauthier (pers. comm. 2015) has searched on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FDA7B5E5CEF1F9CA" box="[557,691,1512,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FDA7B5E5CEF1F9CA" box="[557,691,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">T. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Comoros Islands and found an empty pupa, almost certainly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FF3FB602CD85F9EE" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[181,455,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="comorana">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF3FB602CD85F9EE" box="[181,455,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. ramanatek comorana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FD3BB602CF8BF9EE" authority="ramanatek" box="[689,969,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ramanatek" subSpecies="ramanatek">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FD3BB602CF8BF9EE" box="[689,969,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. ramanatek ramanatek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not show any close affinities with any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FED7B63FCD8FF982" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1818" box="[349,461,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FED7B63FCD8FF982" box="[349,461,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Coeliades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that it is has no close relatives, rather than that it is the Madagascan replacement for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FEC4B65ACE51F9A6" authority="(Druce)" authorityName="Druce" box="[334,531,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FEC4B65ACDF7F9A6" box="[334,437,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. libeon</emphasis>
|
||
(Druce)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB09FF80FCABB65BCFFBF9A6" author="Chiba" box="[801,953,1620,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refString="Chiba, H. (2009) A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Bulletin of the Kitayushu Museum of Natural History, Series A (Natural History), 7, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="2009">Chiba (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |