215 lines
26 KiB
XML
215 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="C55F3FA20A90654B944F5BBA89B35E03" ID-CLB-Dataset="32254" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="704cb2ad-27f5-4fe1-bedf-12c20ff52146" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="855771" ID-ZooBank="2B704D83-8Fb5-41C6-B558-3A1Dbe9Ede66" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504174383260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Collins, Steve C." docDate="2017" docId="DB357E4FAB09FF8EFF1DB6BCCE2BFCBD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Coeliades libeon" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="479" masterDocId="270C0637AB0FFF86FF8AB00FCC42FFCB" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="477" updateTime="1698467563443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F70D3504EDEF378BD9DEF448E3F0D347">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="5E5E70A64D34E21F09D5CFA3B01B2C13">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0B5D752CF179163CF0B8CBDE82B8A346">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69D66E5D86C9B8829A95EC851B40BEDF">4312</mods:number>
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<treatment id="DB357E4FAB09FF8EFF1DB6BCCE2BFCBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029797" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029797" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB357E4FAB09FF8EFF1DB6BCCE2BFCBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB357E4FAB09FF8EFF1DB6BCCE2BFCBD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB09FF80FF1DB6BCC958F820" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB09FF80FF1DB6BCCE4DF906" blockId="6.[151,527,1715,1741]" box="[151,527,1715,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<heading id="086B7835AB09FF80FF1DB6BCCE4DF906" bold="true" box="[151,527,1715,1741]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FF1DB6BCCE4DF906" ID-CoL="5ZH4V" authority="(Druce, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,527,1715,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF1DB6BCCE4DF906" bold="true" box="[151,527,1715,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF1DB6BCCD1CF906" bold="true" box="[151,350,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Coeliades libeon</emphasis>
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(Druce, 1875)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB09FF80FF1DB6F5C958F820" blockId="6.[151,1436,1786,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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During a six month stay in Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania, in
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<date id="2722E999AB09FF80FC0BB6F5C843F8D8" box="[897,1025,1786,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="1994" valueMax="1995">1994–1995</date>
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, TCEC found and reared caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FF3CB711CD5CF8FD" box="[182,286,1821,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF3CB711CD5CF8FD" box="[182,286,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. libeon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, on
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FEDBB712CDEAF8FD" authorityName="Harms & Dunn in Dunn" authorityYear="1911" box="[337,424,1821,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Craibia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FEDBB712CDEAF8FD" box="[337,424,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Craibia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FE55B712CE09F8FD" box="[479,587,1821,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in
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<date id="2722E999AB09FF80FDF2B712CF69F8FD" box="[632,811,1821,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="1994-12">December 1994</date>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FCE9B712CFA1F8FD" box="[867,995,1821,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Flabellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FCE9B712CFA1F8FD" box="[867,995,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Flabellaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FB90B712C881F8FD" box="[1050,1219,1821,1846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in
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<date id="2722E999AB09FF80FB7AB712C9DAF8FD" box="[1264,1432,1821,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="1995-02">February 1995</date>
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. The only species of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FE0AB74DCE42F890" box="[384,512,1858,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Flabellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FE0AB74DCE42F890" box="[384,512,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Flabellaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FDAEB74CCEFBF890" authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1790" box="[548,697,1858,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Flabellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FDAEB74CCEFBF890" box="[548,697,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">F. paniculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is widespread in Africa and recorded from Tanzania, but only from the west (Kigoma) (
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB09FF80FE65B76ACEDAF8B5" author="Tropicos" box="[495,664,1893,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refString="Tropicos (2015) Tropicos. org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from: http: // www. tropicos. org (accessed 28 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">Tropicos 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FD39B76ACFF0F8B5" authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1790" box="[691,946,1893,1918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Flabellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FD39B76ACFF0F8B5" box="[691,946,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Flabellaria paniculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has also been recorded as the food plant of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB09FF80FF1DB784CD10F868" authority="(Plotz)" authorityName="Plotz" box="[151,338,1930,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Craibia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hanno">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB09FF80FF1DB784CCBCF868" box="[151,254,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">C. hanno</emphasis>
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(Plötz)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB09FF80FEEBB785CE4EF869" author="Vuattoux" box="[353,524,1930,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea. 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB09FF80FD92B785CEE7F868" author="Cock" box="[536,677,1930,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010 b) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1." type="book" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Cock 2010b</bibRefCitation>
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). Because of a camera fault, all transparencies from this time were overexposed, and could not be printed, but now with digital manipulation of the scanned transparencies, the images have been partially restored (
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<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB09FF80FE51B7DDCE21F821" box="[475,611,2002,2027]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1341,1363]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,656,678]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Caterpillars of Coeliades libeon, collected on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania [TCEC]. 1,? penultimate instar, dorsal view, 1 Dec 1994; 2,? penultimate instar, lateral view head and anterior body, 1 Dec 1994; 3, Final instar, dorsal view, 3 Dec 1994." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Dorsal view of pupa of Coeliades libeon, collected as caterpillar on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania, 7 Dec 1994 [TCEC]." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/855803/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/855805/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Figures 8–9</figureCitation>
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) although the exact colours should not be considered reliable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB08FF8EFF4DB097CE2BFCBD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB08FF81FF4DB097CE84FDD3" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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In the final instar (
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<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB08FF81FE17B098CDBDFF7B" box="[413,511,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Caterpillars of Coeliades libeon, collected on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania [TCEC]. 1,? penultimate instar, dorsal view, 1 Dec 1994; 2,? penultimate instar, lateral view head and anterior body, 1 Dec 1994; 3, Final instar, dorsal view, 3 Dec 1994." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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) the head is black, with an irregular pale band across the dorsal part of the face, breaking up into spots ventrally, extending to the posterior margin laterally and along the epicranial suture to the posterior margin. Pronotum black, with a broad whitish anterior margin. Body pale with variegated dark and yellow markings; black dorsal line, narrowly interrupted between segments
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB08FF81FC70B10BC853FED7" box="[1018,1041,260,284]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A</collectingRegion>
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1–
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<collectingRegion id="915801BBAB08FF81FBA6B10BC801FED7" box="[1068,1091,260,284]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A</collectingRegion>
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8; immediately adjacent a pale subdorsal line and a variegated darker area lateral to this; dorsolaterally a broad yellow line, more or less continuous in the upper half, but in the lower half, interrupted by a large black rectangular marking in the anterior third of each segment, separated into an anterior black rectangle, a white bar and then a dark bar posterior to this, and three irregular dark vertical lines in the posterior two-thirds; these dark markings are heavier on T2–T3, almost continuous on T2; there is a broad, black bar across the anterior margin of the anal plate, which is otherwise pale; laterally the body is pale, darkly diffused on T1–T3; a white ventrolateral line; spiracles dark, positioned in lower part of white lateral area; legs black; prolegs pale.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="07E39FD1AB08FF81FF1DB532CD95FA5A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" targetBox="[151,1436,591,1317]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB08FF81FF1DB532CD95FA5A" blockId="7.[151,1435,1341,1425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FF1DB532CD54FA98" bold="true" box="[151,278,1341,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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Caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB08FF81FE46B532CE39FA98" box="[460,635,1341,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FE46B532CE39FA98" box="[460,635,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Coeliades libeon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected on
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<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB08FF81FC9FB532CF26FA98" authorityName="Harms & Dunn in Dunn" authorityYear="1911" box="[789,868,1341,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Craibia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FC9FB532CF26FA98" box="[789,868,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Craibia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania [TCEC].
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FA03B531C9D7FA98" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1342,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">1</emphasis>
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,?penultimate instar, dorsal view, 1 Dec 1994;
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FDE6B553CE3AFABA" bold="true" box="[620,632,1372,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">2</emphasis>
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||
,?penultimate instar, lateral view head and anterior body, 1 Dec 1994;
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||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FAC4B553C918FABA" bold="true" box="[1358,1370,1372,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">3</emphasis>
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, Final instar, dorsal view, 3 Dec 1994.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="5323CF59AB08FF81FF4DB5B2CED5F93D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1469,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB08FF81FF4DB5B2CD20FA1D" author="Cock" box="[199,354,1469,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010 b) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1." type="book" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Cock (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the caterpillar descriptions of
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB08FF81FC97B5B2CF92FA1D" author="Fontaine" box="[797,976,1469,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Fontaine, M. (1988) Premiers etats et observations sur quelques Hesperidae du Zaire. Lambillionea, 88, 30 - 32." type="journal article" year="1988">Fontaine (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
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<collectingCountry id="2B8B8FC9AB08FF81FC7FB5B2C872FA1D" box="[1013,1072,1469,1494]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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and R. Paré from
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<collectingCountry id="2B8B8FC9AB08FF81FB74B5B2C934FA1D" box="[1278,1398,1469,1494]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(in
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<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB08FF81FF1DB5EECD2BFA31" author="Pringle" box="[151,361,1505,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. & Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
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Pringle
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<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FF65B5ECCD63FA31" box="[239,289,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">et al</emphasis>
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. 1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB08FF81FEFFB5EECE15FA31" author="Henning" box="[373,599,1505,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. & Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB08FF81FE56B5ECCE4CFA31" box="[476,526,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), expressing concern at the apparent differences between the two. Now in light of
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB08FF81FF79B60ACD16F9D5" box="[243,340,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,591,1317]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 8. Caterpillars of Coeliades libeon, collected on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania [TCEC]. 1,? penultimate instar, dorsal view, 1 Dec 1994; 2,? penultimate instar, lateral view head and anterior body, 1 Dec 1994; 3, Final instar, dorsal view, 3 Dec 1994." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, it can be seen that Paré’s ‘lemon yellow with black chequering’ provides a reasonably succinct description, while features reported by Fontaine are also recognisable: a thin black longitudinal dorsal line edged on each side by a yellowish line; on each segment, a lateral pair of square blackish spots; thin, yellow, longitudinal spiracle line, bordered on the dorsal side with a wider, dark band; head and legs scaly black; prolegs yellowish. However, Fontaine’s reference to the upper surface covered with a very fine brownish down, and the dorsal region varies from brown-red to brown-grey are not clear. Nevertheless, we conclude that both published descriptions apply reasonably well to what we report here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB08FF81FF4DB70EC906F84D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1469,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
|
||
The image of the pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB08FF81FE56B70ECE7CF8D1" box="[476,574,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,656,678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal view of pupa of Coeliades libeon, collected as caterpillar on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania, 7 Dec 1994 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) is less satisfactory. It is pale with dark speckling which is quite heavy in some areas; the short, blunt frontal spike, T1 spiracles and posterior margin of T3 are dark; there are paler dorsal and dorsolateral lines on the abdomen. It is not clear to what extent the pupa is covered with a layer of white wax.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB08FF81FF1DB762CD08F84D" author="Fontaine" box="[151,330,1901,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refString="Fontaine, M. (1988) Premiers etats et observations sur quelques Hesperidae du Zaire. Lambillionea, 88, 30 - 32." type="journal article" year="1988">Fontaine (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the pupa as having black veins on the wings, but these are not visible in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB08FF81FB55B762C902F84D" box="[1247,1344,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,656,678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,221,619]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal view of pupa of Coeliades libeon, collected as caterpillar on Craibia sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania, 7 Dec 1994 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="07E39FD1AB07FF8EFF1DB29FCD90FD0F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" targetBox="[151,1436,221,619]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF1DB29FCD90FD0F" blockId="8.[151,1436,656,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFF1DB29FCD52FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,272,656,678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view of pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFDA4B29FCE9EFD6D" box="[558,732,656,678]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFDA4B29FCE9EFD6D" box="[558,732,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Coeliades libeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected as caterpillar on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFB8CB29FC817FD6D" authorityName="Harms & Dunn in Dunn" authorityYear="1911" box="[1030,1109,656,678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Craibia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFB8CB29FC817FD6D" box="[1030,1109,656,678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Craibia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., Minziro Forest, northwest Tanzania, 7 Dec 1994 [TCEC].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF4DB2FDCE2BFCBD" blockId="8.[151,1436,753,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
|
||
In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFF6FB2FECDC3FCC1" author="Cock" box="[229,385,753,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010 b) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1." type="book" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Cock (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it was noted that apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFD4DB2FDCF6CFCC1" box="[711,814,753,778]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFD4DB2FDCF6CFCC1" box="[711,814,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. libeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFC5DB2FEC805FCC1" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1818" box="[983,1095,753,778]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFC5DB2FEC805FCC1" box="[983,1095,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Coeliades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFBF4B2FEC8AEFCC1" box="[1150,1260,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pyrriades</emphasis>
|
||
for which food plants have been reported include at least one record from a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFC40B31AC831FCE5" box="[970,1139,789,814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFAB9B319C9DEFCE5" box="[1331,1436,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libeon">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFAB9B319C9DEFCE5" box="[1331,1436,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. libeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFF5EB336CD16FC99" box="[212,340,825,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Flabellaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFF5EB336CD16FC99" box="[212,340,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Flabellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore significant. However, the generalisation is still not complete as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFB38B335C909FC99" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" box="[1202,1355,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coeliades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramanatek">
|
||
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFB38B335C909FC99" box="[1202,1355,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. ramanatek</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now reported from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFEB3B352CD8FFCBD" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[313,461,861,886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
only (above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |