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<document id="1A14D941B3DD94E42CCF5426E7C3707F" ID-CLB-Dataset="34320" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.431.7207" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cb04ebb-e140-4d9c-b274-a024a9273728" ID-PMC="PMC4141176" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-431-93" ID-PubMed="25152670" ID-ZooBank="D504B6D4E9804A0F8B2E431EEE925A2D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-431-93" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 431" ModsDocTitle="When mtDNA COI is misleading: congruent signal of ITS2 molecular marker and morphology for North European Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1451245531431" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Haarto, Antti &amp; Stahls, Gunilla" docDate="2014" docId="DB0A88E87926513A4EA075CC7C12B1AB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 431: 93-134" docOrigin="ZooKeys 431" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.431.7207" docTitle="Melanostoma mellinum Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FFBC000AE81D4260FFAFFFFCB949CF2A" masterDocTitle="When mtDNA COI is misleading: congruent signal of ITS 2 molecular marker and morphology for North European Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1701382753960" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="36044BCBAC4CFA709A96568B178F3A18">When mtDNA COI is misleading: congruent signal of ITS 2 molecular marker and morphology for North European Melanostoma Schiner, 1860 (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35ED22D6EA71BBD1C02A6B7444AE46B7">Haarto, Antti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39C32B13BA4D66339A8AD49A9314ED07">Stahls, Gunilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="89D312DE96D4395D41E60E9F2A6293C6">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="4740ACD7D24CE209ADFEEE94E87006B9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.431.7207</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DB0A88E87926513A4EA075CC7C12B1AB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB0A88E87926513A4EA075CC7C12B1AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB0A88E87926513A4EA075CC7C12B1AB" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<subSubSection id="17B435C988BE76F85CBB2163E09719F7" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9797FF1CE8492A18AA9DE2328559B012" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Syrphidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BD28B8B522ECDBCAD984E17BA731804" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2B6C8952A4F70D4E4868C5B40B7D57A4" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="CDB30B810E52B3CC2D0374305D3EDE3F" ID-CoL="9HBKP" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
Figs 5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12E12F13B14D15A16A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC4C993FD8BB5ACB61F76422C8EBC6C7" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="974E47D0E02AC22E04376F0250F87F3B" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="36992436207D2315AE16C1DDC8B502E3" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musca mellina" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellina">Musca mellina</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE590C3E74BD6ADB79DFD4EE2BB0B2C5" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="562F28F6A1BB98BA91DF93FFF2487808" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musca facultas" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facultas">Musca facultas</taxonomicName>
Harris, 1780
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3DD3420397DF77DA2D37326DE693795" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="E2AD3B7562915E3EFD8567D2B6C39B38" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus melliturgum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliturgum">Syrphus melliturgum</taxonomicName>
Meigen, 1822
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C89FEBE685C653A9C9D832E756EBD68" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="19C745C3395FBBC283AA2AD8AF098498" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus minutum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">Syrphus minutum</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1829
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CA7CB0738660C312C592CED3747BB1E" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="BD8B986305B71B02F6E52C6647F330B0" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Syrphus unicolor</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1829
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCDEF269252B0DF5D2BC22CCAF667273" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="DFB02FA6A642084B9450F43CCB74E69F" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus laevigatus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">Syrphus laevigatus</taxonomicName>
Meigen, 1838
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C0518AE3329890EAD2552C955CB58B8" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="19DBAE052BB038783B0E6E2146C54358" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus concolor" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">Syrphus concolor</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1851
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DE470D5B13A1169A3A12C9853B26490" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="B2EE8B7BC89C13EB30D9EA7BCD9169DB" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma nigricorne" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricorne">Melanostoma nigricorne</taxonomicName>
Strobl, 1893
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="470776EAF6F7EDD963F6FCBBE53FC0A7" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="314EF9DCFE7A4686F38873EB9A1CD870" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma inormatum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inormatum">Melanostoma inormatum</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F57F9EE1A0279A8EA9B0DC98D821636F" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="DA2DFE35877FD4A6979BF9E78A6E62DF" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma ochiaianum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochiaianum">Melanostoma ochiaianum</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96B47874C52910915328B797A7440BD6" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="9DD93F207D8C351D33C7D0507A7DD1AE" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma ogasawarae" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogasawarae">Melanostoma ogasawarae</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A29C7F7B05C523CC38EE53EB3732305" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="F10008223E18F02CD97C0411FB59A654" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma sachalinense" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachalinense">Melanostoma sachalinense</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="614A14359087BCB511F6D844190B0315" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="12FC02038B1A437C9A7204B9E752847D" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma deficiens" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deficiens">Melanostoma deficiens</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="BCF9EC4B6BEF59392E123A708346C09B" originalValue="Szilády">Szilady</normalizedToken>
, 1940
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC352948A84B9E67855E62B1A29C22CD" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="411F202868F14B1A1B3223105325C038" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma dilatatum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatatum">Melanostoma dilatatum</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8602B58C90E6CB1844A86A0A09806AD6" originalValue="Szilády">Szilady</normalizedToken>
, 1940
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="338010797A83927FDDBC0EF6589AA659" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="56FB42EE39522F6E329E64B45C27913D" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Scaeva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaeva dubia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">Scaeva dubia</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt, 1838, auctt. nec., syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF0AFD1073B52161EA030E082E03D506" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="5BAC0F06932DD83B16802CB753696B1E" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma tschernovi" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tschernovi">Melanostoma tschernovi</taxonomicName>
Barkalov, 2009, syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89C1AE3990792627EB333A774A0AF3FC" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="7C2379C8579DA48F950F392FC5EBFA85" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma clausseni" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clausseni">Melanostoma clausseni</taxonomicName>
Barkalov, 2009, syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="826BC5D480E47919445FB08B6EC205F6" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="F2708A9583CCA7C7DB7B75DDE1BE476D" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79739456C8F15F24F7B67B5EFCC7EFFE" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
The locality of the lectotype is not indicated in the original label.
<bibRefCitation id="5A09D12D3FE1EB84497823BAB8317C5F" author="Peck, LV" journalOrPublisher="Kiado, Budapest" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" title="Family Syrphidae. In: Soos A (Ed.) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Syrphidae-Conopidae, Vol 8. Budapest, Akad." year="1988">Peck (1988)</bibRefCitation>
gave the following information &quot;Svecia'' (= Sweden).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BAFD9A05DED3E5A7092D6F313E78327" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" type="types">
<paragraph id="F1191109AAE936A4D1C5D59ADCFFD2A5" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2FFADA40DF17671A7D875550D0EB44" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="46C6A1B5E3BED94167BBC1C3E271238B" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
: female, pinned, deposited in LSUK. We designate the specimen with collection number LINN 5304 as lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="DF042D4D95F3440E453DC4ACA7B302A7" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musca mellina" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellina">Musca mellina</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758. The lectotype bears no original label. Images: http://www.linnean-online.org/22691/.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D67E042BCEF8FDA5F9D1E888328D9E96" pageId="15" pageNumber="108">
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="2F0A163AB8E2FAA1D5DF3C59DBF70AD7" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus melliturgus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliturgus">Syrphus melliturgus</taxonomicName>
: male, pinned, deposited in MNHN. Original label: 'Meigen 1482 40 /
<taxonomicName id="103F2D2E19D0FE47792A8FDEC54224BE" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus melliturgus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melliturgus">Syrphus melliturgus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="22AC92F22433645FEFAD0235E1CE1F36" originalValue="male’">male'</normalizedToken>
. Of the specimen only the thorax with legs and both wings remains. The identity of the specimen cannot be ascertained, but we accept the synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88B15FBACE60167B44C0A71114DB4A4C" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">
<pageBreakToken id="4DDF04A1FA0C40C86E2093FF338CC8A9" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
type of
<taxonomicName id="8FCCC2935283A57E689573F60F240F28" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus minutum" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">Syrphus minutum</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1829 and syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="355B99E32AED15E699C70CFDA7A2F3E4" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syrphus unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Syrphus unicolor</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1829 apparently exist at
<normalizedToken id="68EF0B084D1EDCE3C6BA905CA124DA5B" originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6151A5C92152D10040A5976619A90B82" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
Naturelle, Lille, France, but could not be studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16540512242DBA868E7A08B06BC696F0" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="081F8D29A7111E7C2482C95D2A20B11C" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
var. melanatus (type material deposited in MZT) is here synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="D2376EE98D7704E95EF516899B8E5B4A" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellarium" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellarium">Melanostoma mellarium</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F4D2DD69F66B579D9821DB4CC309B5C" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">
The types of
<taxonomicName id="C0203207C91CACEF10088486E7CE43B2" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
var. angustatoides Kanervo, 1934 are lost (see section Type studies).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D50BCDD92F0EDEDAEF58893E2EB4F241" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">
The lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="B343486E84E0F54B64346E8218023C38" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Scaeva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scaeva dubia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">Scaeva dubia</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt, 1838, original label 'S. dubia f
<normalizedToken id="8822F130AD498AD98B3D4C5113B4653D" originalValue="Juckasjärvi'">Juckasjaervi'</normalizedToken>
(in MZL) was studied, as well as one syntype (see section Type studies).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ACCCA034C4A3BA8DD7AAF79E670533B" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">
A male paratype of
<taxonomicName id="92224715E0FC2195F688B9453481B136" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma clausseni" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clausseni">Melanostoma clausseni</taxonomicName>
Barkalov, 2009 from the type locality (Russia, Altai, Ulaganskii region, Kuraiskii, 2500-2800m) was provided for study by A. V. Barkalov, and the taxon is here synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="FC97C762766682EBBED126C03D3497C0" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
. The type materials of remaining synonyms have not been studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C05FA5BA6C8821C653A8BBA1E6207010" pageId="16" pageNumber="109" type="additional material studied">
<paragraph id="D157A59EA0A1FFAAC13E9BE3D007588C" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">Additional material studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="357EFBC19EE582B25FD77C8CF2E16CE7" pageId="16" pageNumber="109">DNA voucher specimens in MZH (Table 1); 85 males and 100 females in MZH; 25 male and 25 female specimens in AHPC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D81FA64EDA1893E2222BCAC28A5195D6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="17" pageNumber="110" type="male">
<paragraph id="C0B3B20E4E26237F8A040637579AED57" pageId="17" pageNumber="110">
<pageBreakToken id="0276495732AFC083380DCBE87E01048E" pageId="17" pageNumber="110" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9ADA9DBA27C30214BD04E2E7EA29832" pageId="18" pageNumber="111">
<pageBreakToken id="ABA45E405CFC326308F3372518BD8094" pageId="18" pageNumber="111" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
: Colour brownish black. Angle of approximation of eyes 80°-90°. Eye contiguity about as long as frontal triangle. Ocellar triangle slightly longer than wide with dark pile and with thin grey dusting. Occiput very narrow and dorsally usually with dark pile and laterally with pale pile. Frontal triangle with indistinct or thin grey dusting. Lateral parts of frontal triangle with dark pile. Face shining with indistinct or thin grey dusting. Lateral parts of face with pile which colour varying from completely pale to almost completely dark. Gena about as wide as basoflagellomere and with greyish dusting. Antenna mainly dark brown, usually basoflagellomere with yellow spot basally at ventral side. Basoflagellomere about 1.4 times as long as its width. Arista usually yellowish brown and about twice as long as basoflagellomere. Longest pile of arista at most half width of arista at base as in Fig. 4B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E5D5896069EE0D4769C32691376EA36" pageId="18" pageNumber="111">Thorax: Scutum shining brownish black except for thin greyish dusting at anterior margin. Scutum with erect pile and with shorter semi-adpressed usually mainly pale pile on anterior margin. Pile rarely mainly dark on scutum. Anterior part of scutum almost always with short erect pile which length about fourth part of length of scutellum. Postpronotum totally covered by thin greyish dusting. Notopleuron usually covered by thin greyish dusting. Scutellum shining brownish black. Scutum and scutellum with pile which colour varying from totally pale brown to almost totally dark. Pleura brownish black and usually with thinly grey dusting. Pleura with pale or brownish erect pile. Calypter brownish with pale brownish pile at edge. Halter yellow with slightly darkened base of stem.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCF7CA948D325442EE129B23360923F6" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">
<pageBreakToken id="1DC2D8B995327E96CD8F0B6EF36B8FCC" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" start="start">Wing</pageBreakToken>
: Usually completely microtrichose, rarely with small bare area on base of cell BM. Membrane with indistinct brownish ting. Stigma usually yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF108534150765BDC448CA0A8E6F8323" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Legs: Coxa black with grey dusting. Trochanter dark brown. Femur usually mainly black except yellow apical part. Tibia usually mainly yellow with dark brown ring varying size. Metatibia usually with a longer dark ring than other tibiae. Tarsus dark brown except mesotarsus with the two basal segments yellow. Leg with pale and dark pile mixed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FB26FA6833B2CA26CA45369BB4F23BD" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Abdomen: Terga dark brown or black with weak greyish dusting. Tergum 2 with pair of yellow oval maculae. Terga 3 and 4 with pair of yellow elongated maculae. Terga 1 and 2 laterally with long pale pile. Terga with varying amount of dark and pale semi-adpressed pile outside of yellow maculae. Only pale pile on yellow maculae. Terga 2, 3 and 4 each about as long as wide. Sterna with weak dusting and with pale semi-adpressed pile. Sternum 2 about 1.3 times as long as its width at its posterior margin. Sternum 3 about 1.2 times as long as its width at its anterior margin. Sternum 4 about as long as its width at its anterior margin. Shape of sterna 2-4 are shown in Fig. 5D.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="582D46B73CA4974729AC7B0F03AF8E2E" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Male genitalia: Cercus and surstylus (Fig. 6D). Postgonite short and without distinct ridges laterally (Figs 7D, 8D). Postgonite ventrally in Fig. 9D. The hypandrial margin at postgonites with long triangular projections, index DL less than 1.2 (Figs 10D, 11D).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59A5087E0781F6E67CAFE2427218D2EF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="19" pageNumber="112" type="female">
<paragraph id="B7736EBFD88AAB2B4815C11549E29700" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="407E23FC3EF8A583B46C3EBDD08F651F" pageId="19" pageNumber="112">Similar to male, but differs as follows:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D379E591C7C9B7DACA5D6456DA7FC96" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">
<pageBreakToken id="A756BD528E2ED5412687848FA5F72A9A" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
: Frons shining except greyish dusted triangles. Ventral to the dusted triangles the thinly dusted area is not connected to the sides of lunule. Frons at level of front ocellus slightly narrower than length of antenna. Dorsal part of frons with dark pile and ventral part of frons with pale pile. Occiput as broad as two diameters of an ocellus and usually dorsally with pale and dark pile and laterally with pale pile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="304787502B6EC518AC55BCAAB751FB3C" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">Thorax: Scutum and scutellum with short pale pile. Calypter whitish yellow with whitish pile at edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB45A400FFB6D50DDCA65F7CD9B84EF6" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">Legs: Coloration of femur varies from mainly yellow to mainly dark. Metaleg usually largely darker than other leg.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1037708DE46A179BD57933C56B0821C3" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">Abdomen: Some specimens have all terga dorsally only with pale yellowish semi-adpressed pile. Tergum 2 without or with pair of small yellow oval maculae. Terga 3 and 4 with pair of yellow elongated triangular maculae of varying size or yellow maculae lacking. Tergum 5 at anterior margin without or with pair of short yellow maculae. Tergum 2 about 0.5 times as long as its width at its posterior margin. Tergum 3 about 0.5 times as long as its width at its posterior margin. Tergum 4 about 0.6 times as long as its width at its posterior margin. Sternum 2 about 0.6 times as long as its width at its posterior margin. Sternum 3 about 0.6 times as long as its width at its anterior margin. Sternum 4 about 0.6 times as long as its width at its anterior margin. Sterna 3 and 4 with posterior margin of sternum distinctly broader than width of anterior margin of sternum. Sternum 4 is at most slightly longer than sternum 3. Shape of sterna 2-4 are shown in Fig. 12E, F.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C2DCAAB1F8DC874BF729B6D8A0A10CF" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" type="length">
<paragraph id="94A9EF6F6C7BCA5CEE53832EE5FDEBBE" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">Length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52830B00D3878F174BA3C98DC79C5E80" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">(25 males and 25 females): Body 6-8 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49985621F599166800939A2B988C00BD" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2219DE85B0BAF12B94087A636E4457DA" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38A056FC4292757AF1E904495D6A9884" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">A very common and abundant species, known from the whole Palaearctic area and North Africa.</paragraph>
<caption id="C9EA8C774DE490F010938CEA9AA234E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="CF4C5CDA67F2E5F6298B32F7ADCF8445" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">
Figure 15. Frons of female. A
<taxonomicName id="20E04CA512DC212DBA6012AD3CCE1187" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
and B
<taxonomicName id="B25B187349F0B3E4C2C09C22329E5CDE" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma certum" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="certum">Melanostoma certum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FFA3DF4804F360A8F4C348DE48021E62" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">
<paragraph id="FE0EC2B7575646E7CC6A2DCA3292560F" pageId="20" pageNumber="113">
Figure 16. Lateral view of male scutum. A
<taxonomicName id="275F19DC10675AA1C3502674FF43B66A" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma mellinum" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellinum">Melanostoma mellinum</taxonomicName>
and B
<taxonomicName id="736F9427016D7539159196A25D6436B5" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanostoma certum" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="certum">Melanostoma certum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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