530 lines
44 KiB
XML
530 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd2433d-a10d-40d5-9a7c-8b5c14bd364e" ID-PMC="PMC8548288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1063-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" ID-PubMed="34744471" ID-ZooBank="2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1063-49" checkinTime="1634632142747" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. & Moulton, John K." docDate="2021" docId="D9103CED43025A22A61F64491363B418" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1063: 49-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1063" docPubDate="2021-10-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180" docTitle="Niphta brunnea Pivar 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ED8B78EE-F799-4B34-B465-E47C578BC679" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150984031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Niphta (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-3274</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johnkmoulton@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1063</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1063-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2792B13CD577416CB83D1C8043701C78</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5298538BD85C59A69A5D81E54E499167</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189468635" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED8B78EE-F799-4B34-B465-E47C578BC679" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9103CED43025A22A61F64491363B418" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/ED8B78EE-F799-4B34-B465-E47C578BC679" authority="Pivar" authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta brunnea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea" status="sp. nov.">Niphta brunnea Pivar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂, glued to point with abdomen in glycerine microvial pinned beneath, labelled: "Chile: Region IX (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Araucanía">Araucania</normalizedToken>
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)/ Rte. 71, 15.xii.2016/
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="-38.239056">38°14'20.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="46.6" value="-71.89628">71°53'46.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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,/ elev. 953 m, roadside seeps,/ J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar"; "HOLOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta brunnea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Pivar [red label]" (CNC).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Chile: Region VIII (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bío">Bio</normalizedToken>
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): Rte. Q-61, 8.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.2" value="-37.82061">37°49'14.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.1" value="-71.67614">71°40'34.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 366 m, creek, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (1♂); Rte. Q-61, Estero Agua Blanca 8.xii.2016,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.8" value="-37.775223">37°46'30.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="03.9" value="-71.70108">71°42'03.9"W</geoCoordinate>
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, elev. 552 m, vegetation near splash zones, J.K. Moulton & R.J. Pivar (1♂); Region IX (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Araucanía">Araucania</normalizedToken>
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): same data as holotype (3♂); same data as holotype except, larvae/pupae on foliage in splash zone (6 larvae*, 5 pupae, 3 pupal exuviae).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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This species is recognised by the cheliform gonostylus bearing non-bifurcate apices and the gonocoxite with three projections: two that are nearly equal in size and the third, much smaller and inconspicuous, situated at the base of the anterior one. It is darker in colouration compared to the closely related
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bispinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the darkest of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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The descriptions of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. bifurcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the following regards:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
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= 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
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1.6-1.9 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult lateral habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) H N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♂), inset with arrow indicating antealar ridge. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600678" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">9B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Adult dorsal habitus micrographs of the Niphta nudipennis group A N. bifurcata sp. nov. (♂) B N. brunnea sp. nov. (♂) C N. courtneyi sp. nov. (♀), abdomen dissected D N. daniellae sp. nov. (♂) E N. eurydactyla sp. nov. (♂) F N. bispinosa sp. nov. (♂), abdomen dissected G N. nudipennis (♂) Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600679" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">10B</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum and postpronotum brown; remaining scutum shiny, brown, pleura light brown; scutellum shiny, brown; mediotergite shiny, anterior half light brown, posterior half dark brown; katepisternum mainly brown, lighter near anterior spiracle; remaining pteropleuron mainly brown with dispersed markings of dark/light brown; base of halter creamy, distal half of stalk and knob light brown; abdomen brown; terminalia light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
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. Flagellomere 1 expanded, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as next segment, shorter in length than 2 and 3 combined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
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. Wing length: 1.9-2.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Terminalia</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600675" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">6D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lateral views of male Niphta nudipennis group terminalia A N. bifurcata sp. nov. B N. courtneyi sp. nov. C N. bispinosa sp. nov. D N. brunnea sp. nov. Abbreviations: aed gd, aedeagal guide; cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcx pl, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; pm, paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600677" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">8D</figureCitation>
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). Epandrium quadrate in ventral view, posterior margin rounded, with narrow medial cleft; long, extended beyond gonostyli; without lobes or projections. Gonocoxites oblong, longer than wide; anterior margin rounded, somewhat expanded dorsally, not closely approximated; with three spine-like projections; large anterior projection nearly equal in length to posterior projection, gradually tapered toward apex; smaller anterior projection positioned somewhat anterior to large tooth, may be small and inconspicuous in some specimens; posterior projection strongly tapered toward apex, some specimens with second basal tooth on outer margin of projection; margin around anterior projection with long, thin setae. Gonostylus cheliform, dorsoventrally flattened, margins concave creating bowl-like appearance; anterior apex with a few indistinct setae, posterior margin with strong setae. Parameres medially fused, attached basally to arms of gonocoxal plate; divided distally into dorsal parameral apodeme and ventral arm; ventral arm projected anteroventrally toward gonocoxal plate, knife-shaped, ventral margin serrate; when retracted, resting ventrally between dorsal arm of gonocoxal plate and inner margin of gonocoxite, apex reaching base of anterior gonocoxal projection. Gonocoxal plate broad, well sclerotised; anterior margin triangular, basal margin cleft; pair of dorsal arms connect to parameres; medial aedeagal guide projected ventrally between gonostyli, well sclerotised, consisting of two parts, anterior structure with five projections and posterior rounded plate bearing minute setulae. Cercus ovoid, only slightly visible in lateral view; projected anteroventrally; situated within epandrial indentation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600683" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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Dorsal views of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pupae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Abbreviations: resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600684" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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Lateral views of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pupae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; c tbr, caudal tubercle; resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Pupa.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
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= 6 (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Dorsal views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600683" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14A</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Lateral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; c tbr, caudal tubercle; resp org, respiratory organ. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600684" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">15A</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Ventral views of Niphta pupae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; spr, spiracle. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600685" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">16A</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of ventral view of pupae of Niphta brunnea sp. nov. A habitus (scale bar: 1.0 mm) B head and thorax (scale bar: 1.0 mm) C posterior segments (scale bar = 0.5 mm) D adhesive structures (scale bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: S, sternite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600691" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
|
||
2.7-2.9 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
. Brown; sometimes with black spot above eyes in developing adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Maxillary sheath short, posteromedially directed, gently tapered toward truncate apex, apices of palpi separated medially; devoid of tubercles and setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than abdomen at widest point. Foreleg sheath projected straight and slightly beyond wing sheaths, reaching hind margin of sternite 2; anterior half of midleg visible anterior to wing sheath, then hidden behind foreleg, not projected beyond wing sheath; hindleg concealed beneath wing sheath, only small triangular apex visible between apex of foreleg and wing sheath, not extended beyond wing sheath. Wing sheath extended to posterior margin of abdominal sternite 2. Respiratory organ slightly shorter than maxillary sheath, broadest subapically; ovate, slightly arched medially, tapered toward apex; spiracular openings encircling apex; stalk thin, emerging from small tubercle. Tubercle situated posterodorsally to respiratory organ, rounded, projected laterally; apex nearly touching or touching respiratory organ. Thorax devoid of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600685" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: ad strct, adhesive structure; spr, spiracle. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Subcylindrical, evenly tapered toward caudal segment. Spiracles well developed, distinct on segments 3-7, projected anterodorsolaterally; all bearing minute spine-like setulae. Segment 8 with short lateral projection, less than half length of preceding spiracles, projected dorsolaterally. Tergites 1-8 quadrate, devoid of setae, with pair of dorsolateral ridges and faint medial transverse groove, groove not meeting dorsolateral ridges. Tergite 9 rounded, posterior margin emarginated, laterally compressed compared to preceding segments; small, rounded projection pointing posteriorly in lateral view. Sternites 3-8 rectangular, with row of faint setulae along anterior margin, not connecting to lateral margin; lateral margins crenulate, lacking setae. Sternites 3 and 4 bearing pair of small lateral adhesive structures, sternite 5 bearing pair of large lateral adhesive structures on lateral margin. Caudal sternite triangular, with medial sclerotised groove and pair of medial rounded, posteromedially projected lobes; posterior margin with medial longitudinal ridge; without distinct caudal hooks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600686" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal views of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; Hc, head capsule; Mst, mesothorax; Mtt, metathorax; Pt, prothorax; pro spr, prothoracic spiracle; prtb, protuberance; post spr pl, posterior spiracular plate. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Dorsal views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; Hc, head capsule; Mst, mesothorax; Mtt, metathorax; Pt, prothorax; pro spr, prothoracic spiracle; prtb, protuberance; post spr pl, posterior spiracular plate. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600686" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Lateral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: anl prl, anal proleg; pro prl, prothoracic proleg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600687" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ventral views of Niphta larvae A N. brunnea sp. nov. B N. nudipennis C N. acus sp. nov. Abbreviations: A ad strct, abdominal adhesive structure; T ad strct, thoracic adhesive structure. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600688" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Niphta nudipennis group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered A anterior, N. brunnea sp. nov. B lateral, N. brunnea sp. nov. C anterior, N. nudipennis D lateral, N. nudipennis. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600690" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">21A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Scanning electron micrographs of ventral view of larvae of Niphta brunnea sp. nov. A habitus B head and thoracic segments 1 & 2 C thoracic segments 2 & 3 and abdominal segment 1 D abdominal segments 2 & 3 E abdominal segments 6, 7, 8 & 9. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; T, thoracic segment. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600692" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length of final instar</emphasis>
|
||
4.8-5.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule pale brown, anterolateral margin of ecdysial line black. Body creamy brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600687" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: anl prl, anal proleg; pro prl, prothoracic proleg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 28A, B). Two large, circular eye spots, elevated on tubercle; antenna with three finger-like processes, elevated on largest tubercle; with five pairs of smaller tubercles outside of ecdysial lines (not including antennal and ocular tubercle); single tubercle between ecdysial lines, about same size as ocular tubercle; 15 pairs of unbranched setae; six sensory pits (13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21), sensory pit 13 above antennal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax with single pair of protuberances bearing single spiracle; spiracular protuberance bearing one pair of dorsal setae anterior to spiracle and single dorsolateral seta; three mid-lateral setae, two long, one short and fine; two closely approximated setae near base of prothoracic leg (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Keilin’s">Keilin's</normalizedToken>
|
||
organ). Mesothorax and metathorax with pair of small dorsolateral protuberances and pair of large lateral protuberances; mesothoracic dorsolateral protuberance bearing single thickened seta, metathoracic lateral protuberance bearing pair of closely approximated setae, anterior seta thickened and longer than posterior seta; lateral protuberance on both segments bearing three setae, two short, one long; single long seta slightly ventral to lateral protuberance; one pair of mid-ventrolateral setae. Prothorax bearing proleg, posterior half with rectangular adhesive structure; meso- and metathoracic sternites with rectangular adhesive structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600688" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: A ad strct, abdominal adhesive structure; T ad strct, thoracic adhesive structure. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Sternites 1-7 modified into circular, suction cup-like adhesive structure; sternite 8 with quadrate adhesive structure; sternite 9 smooth, bearing anal proleg. Segments 1-7 lacking distinct protuberances, at most, pair of dorsolateral swellings bearing single or paired short, thin setae; single seta situated anterolaterally; lateral adhesive structure swelling bearing numerous setae, two anterolateral, two midlateral, four basalateral. Segment 8 with small dorsolateral protuberance on either side of posterior spiracular plate, each bearing pair of small setae; lateral protuberance with single seta; single short ventrolateral seta; ventral sternite bearing pair of setae. Posterior spiracular plate with sclerite encircling procerci; procercus shorter than length of spiracular plate, bearing four setae, two thick, two slender; without cone-like protuberance on either side of procerci. Terminal segment with pair of protuberances, no setae; pair of dorsolateral setae; five lateral setae; two pairs of long setae on posterior margin, above pair of anal papillae; ventral sternite lacking setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600689" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta halteralis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta halteralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
anterior,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. acus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="acus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. acus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
anterior,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. mapuche" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="mapuche">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. mapuche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600690" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta nudipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group larval head capsules with setae and sensory pits numbered
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
anterior,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. brunnea" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
anterior,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: sp, sensory pit. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Known only from two localities in the Andes of southern Chile (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Known distribution of Chilean Niphta A N. halteralis group B N. nudipennis group." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600693" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">24B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta brunnea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
(brown) in allusion to its brown colouration, the darkest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. nudipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="nudipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">N. nudipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="bionomics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bionomics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The larvae and pupae both possess the ventral adhesive structures seen in other known immature stages of South American
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Immatures were collected from wetted vegetation in the splash zones, never from rocks (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Habitat and immatures of members of the Niphta nudipennis group A type locality of N. brunnea sp. nov. and N. daniellae sp. nov., box indicating where plant stem in images B, C was taken from (38 ° 14 ' 20.6 " S 71 ° 53 ' 46.6 " W) B larvae of N. brunnea sp. nov. on plant stem from splash zone C close up of N. brunnea sp. nov. larva, adhesive structure visibly in contact with substrate D habitat of N. nudipennis, box indicating foliage in splash zone where immatures were found E pupa of N. nudipennis affixed to leaf with final instar larval exuviae visible." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600695" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">26A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vegetation included both living and dead plant material, including smooth leaves and herbaceous stems. The vegetation was not in the direct flow of water, but rather lightly splashed by water droplets that maintained enough moisture for the immatures to survive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600691" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of ventral view of pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta brunnea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus (scale bar: 1.0 mm)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax (scale bar: 1.0 mm)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
posterior segments (scale bar = 0.5 mm)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
adhesive structures (scale bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: S, sternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1063.71180.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/600692" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of ventral view of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pivar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Niphta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niphta brunnea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Niphta brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
head and thoracic segments 1 & 2
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
thoracic segments 2 & 3 and abdominal segment 1
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal segments 2 & 3
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal segments 6, 7, 8 & 9. Abbreviations: A, abdominal segment; T, thoracic segment. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |