272 lines
28 KiB
XML
272 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="2BC699898BA32E5E28D031501CE8F2A7" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13853cb6-522e-4f94-b633-c4a51ba63624" ID-PMC="PMC5799789" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-727-1" ID-PubMed="29416388" ID-ZooBank="12B663F7190040788E1EEF8BAC4DF81B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-727-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 727" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)" checkinTime="1515696595036" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, Hannah M. & Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2017" docId="D2F8759AE147CF33B22DD0A290492609" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 727: 1-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 727" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222" docTitle="Afrarchaea Forster & Platnick 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFEBD959ED2FFFAA9450FF8B1957B348" masterDocTitle="A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701315595447" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4D417E5D551520CB6724DC0C069CDDD2">A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="703C18FED9E201DCB9EC0AF81D0E7431">Wood, Hannah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38B32B06F810E7F1135EAB67171104B0">Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0BE0864AD749F712AE1830C0221A9678">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BF1A6FB8C2C6E72139EDD8344B9D3E82">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8147E8E99BECA126FBCE20DF8440D6CC">727</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B085D720C1243159E859FF22655DDC76">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B55354C3FB784503281B4E1A7F81E8AF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D2F8759AE147CF33B22DD0A290492609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140245886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2F8759AE147CF33B22DD0A290492609" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2F8759AE147CF33B22DD0A290492609" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="4BFEA785F6FC10DAC4C075BC0E71D0F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F6E3941FD2402A0E12F3721D9644A8B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="1747BBD0664C3CD58F614BF7019A6AC6" ID-CoL="PZJ" ID-ENA="412062" authority="Forster & Platnick, 1984" authorityName="Forster & Platnick" authorityYear="1984" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea Forster & Platnick, 1984</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1A283E1509F2490A82515FEAE57FD0DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="E58B4B2D5887794F5C62CD57F611D85A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="ABE085D09586C770AC5806582EDC403E" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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Forster & Platnick, 1984: 24.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="27C30A43C10F5F20969365D38B197CD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="894FBCE3AEEBC56BC6C153257719F93A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="275AE14337D1A916A7ACF0DF531B653E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="258F9172BD166A6D4B65BDB2F267C430" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Archaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaea godfreyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="godfreyi">Archaea godfreyi</taxonomicName>
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Hewitt, 1919: 196, figs 1-2 (by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EE0B4B02E6282C459F9A22B94BF9EC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A8DABB16C105B391B3DABD6076891E9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4019727D0207B59D3E2E16F16FB29606" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Distinguished from all extant genera by the presence of a prominent keel on the FSGP (see fig. 58 of
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<bibRefCitation id="AC7B187181BF93DD7794814AF08F2E02" author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 106" title="A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="178" year="1984">Forster and Platnick (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3 of
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<bibRefCitation id="0AAAE0D1B8E7BB73F0DBE2089FDDBA42" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 126" title="Afrotropical Archaeidae: 3. The female of Eriaucheniuscornutus and new species of Afrarchaea (Arachnida: Araneae) from South Africa." volume="22" year="2006">Lotz (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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, and figs 1
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<normalizedToken id="140A53E0C9EC73AEBA974B65FE198C08" originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
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and 6
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<normalizedToken id="51E9560F7D5E7942C23FD620F2BC6E39" originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
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of
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<bibRefCitation id="3FD30AC09F65C63683334EE8A1A8C254" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 160" title="Afrotropical Archaeidae (Araneae): 1. New species of Afrarchaea with notes on Afrarchaeagodfreyi (Hewitt, 1919)." volume="12" year="1996">Lotz (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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). The keel likely has been lost in
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<taxonomicName id="878F3CD3CC8F2DC7B311888EA22771E3" lsidName="A. royalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="royalensis">A. royalensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="6871C7FADEA6A38F5DDE354916CC4F7C" lsidName="A. ngomensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ngomensis">A. ngomensis</taxonomicName>
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given the central phylogenetic placement of these two species (Fig. 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03596E9C3F86F752C19395A7C1971F6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AD7993D4C7BD352187C343EA50A88BF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B31268C781D50F2E17EC03DE8C27C830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="6A4319C64DDF22CA4915B974E92D3340" author="Forster, RR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 106" title="A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="178" year="1984">Forster and Platnick (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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for description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77E753F481BDCFCEE12693C276E34452" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="included species">
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<paragraph id="27C2EC1ABB60C4094D8009DC5ED882AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AD728D4F8758B4C04581191654C00D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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12 described species,
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<taxonomicName id="00F82D103889710223B9ACEE4E6D47FC" lsidName="A. cornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cornutus">A. cornutus</taxonomicName>
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(Lotz, 2003),
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<taxonomicName id="C84B466C88078730F6B130ABCF3F43E7" lsidName="A. ansieae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ansieae">A. ansieae</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2015,
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<taxonomicName id="AD355C6C7B7767B5420B65C54ECA9EA6" lsidName="A. bergae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bergae">A. bergae</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 1996,
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<taxonomicName id="49481CE884672AACB9DEA56026992EA5" lsidName="A. entabeniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="entabeniensis">A. entabeniensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2003,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE910A863FD3339AD4B477BC3CB374C" lsidName="A. fernkloofensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fernkloofensis">A. fernkloofensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 1996,
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<taxonomicName id="4A04F1237D953347FFEFCE2776585C21" lsidName="A. godfreyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="godfreyi">A. godfreyi</taxonomicName>
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(Hewitt, 1919),
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<taxonomicName id="04C8896549B0B9BD74FC4E70973678D3" lsidName="A. haddadi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="haddadi">A. haddadi</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2006,
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<taxonomicName id="CA828132E0389A21B2D755F9DC488D45" lsidName="A. harveyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harveyi">A. harveyi</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2003,
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<taxonomicName id="9C82B156D11DBCB5A650CC4EF1252C81" lsidName="A. kranskopensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kranskopensis">A. kranskopensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 1996,
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<taxonomicName id="651EE02FC23E26032C738EECABB71DA6" lsidName="A. lawrencei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lawrencei">A. lawrencei</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 1996,
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<taxonomicName id="18C0056A89AC44E229E2C6F473A41DCA" lsidName="A. ngomensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ngomensis">A. ngomensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 1996,
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<taxonomicName id="7D0E73EDBB3DD5EB76CC37A1B397F1CD" lsidName="A. royalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="royalensis">A. royalensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2006,
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<taxonomicName id="5D2288FFE078EB64467704626B51371F" lsidName="A. woodae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="woodae">A. woodae</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2006. Two species originally described as
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<taxonomicName id="31DBBF9ED1D1E89DF155ADB53999A283" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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have been transferred:
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<taxonomicName id="F3F108B6B1418BCED10926ABA8A92E7A" lsidName="A. fisheri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisheri">A. fisheri</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2003 and
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<taxonomicName id="5995099B946F288A2ACF4D1C09ACDB2A" lsidName="A. mahariraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahariraensis">A. mahariraensis</taxonomicName>
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Lotz, 2003, both to
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<taxonomicName id="0D8BF5E834619516A5B11C1D901F3231" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenus</taxonomicName>
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(new combinations).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0F16E8FD14C4D3EB18787072DF1B3295" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="9A02E8E956E40C31F7F21E6592CC6877" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5E079B0C074E899423EBCDAFE3F30F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">South Africa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="69D1CB2D3EF223CA57979D269A333D54" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4CEA3A57E87A6E932CF5343E2BF349AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DB3A67D135F2FC4400E31F8D7097570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data recovered a monophylectic
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<taxonomicName id="27E8C1CCCB3B2090CC0C2A1D46EAF6E0" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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with strong branch support (
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<bibRefCitation id="C749D7884F246C3FD7BAE7E2D413A152" author="Wood, HM" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="462 - 481" title="Why is Madagascar special? The extraordinarily slow evolution of pelican spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12578" volume="69" year="2015">Wood et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
). This research supports the transfer of
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<taxonomicName id="144B6C2A1AA52947492738315A213887" lsidName="A. cornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cornutus">A. cornutus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="27DDDA75873DBFCC8C502189E6564385" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="43F4FC9ED665D984291D64113FA71526" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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and the transfer of
|
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<taxonomicName id="3D4B8233FCF61B1B4BE2197BEA6F5CBD" lsidName="E. mahariraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahariraensis">E. mahariraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
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<taxonomicName id="88FB5E409D5D7B99B7526D0C0CEB082C" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
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<taxonomicName id="712D3BE850BAE33AC62690FCABDDEE00" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1). Furthermore, females of
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<taxonomicName id="851C3CE45B179C25CC17C5058D829175" lsidName="A. cornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cornutus">A. cornutus</taxonomicName>
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have a FSGP keel typical of
|
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<taxonomicName id="1BC340556BBA56B39DF05E2B3F4EBAF8" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see fig. 3 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C26F6F49E578F7F9F757E580B9E373BC" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 126" title="Afrotropical Archaeidae: 3. The female of Eriaucheniuscornutus and new species of Afrarchaea (Arachnida: Araneae) from South Africa." volume="22" year="2006">Lotz 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and females of
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<taxonomicName id="23774A6754C2F89EC0F388B119DBC914" lsidName="E. mahariraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahariraensis">E. mahariraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not (Fig. 15
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<normalizedToken id="86B8A3B021C0E74729319137C1CFA07B" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D7DCAB715496F4EB372ED0C7342EBE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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Regarding
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<taxonomicName id="8A994029D945D3D9EFFE62F7BC7DB9D6" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
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distribution,
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<bibRefCitation id="16CBC11CED4CAA21BDEF5DA218C27A42" author="Legendre, R" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 50" title="Arachnides-Araignees-Archaeidae." volume="32" year="1970">Legendre (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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reported on a male and female specimen (not examined for this study) collected at Manjakatompo, Madagascar, which he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD5D7604C4E836DF00F9057B89955382" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea godfreyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="godfreyi">Afrarchaea godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, Legendre noted that these specimens were different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1E6724B9F264E9E1AD0503B85A68891" lsidName="A. godfreyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="godfreyi">A. godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in some details (i.e., the absence of prominent cephalic spines and the absence of abdominal sclerotization). These differences suggest that these specimens are not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E33EB6F4DEF2A82EA2F0EEA78C3CC2EF" lsidName="A. godfreyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="godfreyi">A. godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, in the CAS collections only a single juvenile specimen has been collected from Manjakatompo. This specimen also has reduced spines on the cephalon (only one rudimentary spine is present), which is again suggestive that this specimen is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8D9F3B43F050AA83F336EC97CB4F4B1" lsidName="A. godfreyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="godfreyi">A. godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44BAFEF13271199A18D33EB9728148EA" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species endemic to Madagascar have the short fat
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34BB7805F0AD96402CB772D660DBBE17" originalValue="“neck”">"neck"</normalizedToken>
|
||
typical of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C631FCD9AA9774A3861848699F4CF3F1" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C711A40726382998FCA3693F5E6CF0F" lsidName="A. cornutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cornutus">A. cornutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82FD2ADA9A3F9BD73D744B1479595B4F" lsidName="A. ansieae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ansieae">A. ansieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and also have reduced spination on the cephalon. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE4DBDCCB2B6D5D95079F60A24424589" lsidName="E. fisheri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisheri">E. fisheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACAE08A76744CB21B81A5993C683DD6B" lsidName="E. goodmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="goodmani">E. goodmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7520C885C62E8546CECFB523C5BC9EC" lsidName="E. harveyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harveyi">E. harveyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B4997FDD83332E195217556C93AB0D6" lsidName="E. mahariraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahariraensis">E. mahariraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6903D1D9C7E93271B66EDA7FA6BDC47" lsidName="E. ratsirarsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ratsirarsoni">E. ratsirarsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80315AD0A900B102DF4F5398A898CD19" lsidName="E. sama" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sama">E. sama</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="727B9854DD13B1D3E660A1BDEF17E94F" lsidName="E. wunderlichi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="wunderlichi">E. wunderlichi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. all superfically resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE4C71EBAFA366FC34A1A3A13016B565" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in terms of carapace shape (Figs 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 15A).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F8F36C90072D88769A3DBD530191FA5" lsidName="E. mahariraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahariraensis">E. mahariraensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4EA195E5BB5BF7204A5F15EC881729B" lsidName="E. fisheri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisheri">E. fisheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
were originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB43CD7E3C4DD84DA80CF268F915229C" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
based solely on carapace shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8E7512FC2076D2AFF4CA542F896E3D4" author="Lotz, LN" journalOrPublisher="Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 240" title="Afrotropical Archaeidae: 2. New species of genera Archaea and Afrarchaea (Arachnida: Araneae)." volume="19" year="2003">Lotz 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Current research on archaeids shows that carapace shape has evolved in parallel, with similar morphs evolving repeatedly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25C427269714D973BA293D338DB0D985" author="Wood, HM" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="20 - 29" title="Integrating fossil and extant lineages: an examination of morphological space through time (Araneae: Archaeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-16-039.1" volume="45" year="2017">Wood 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE35FA78C8897F5C3821670D7DDFB4F5" author="Wood, HM" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="462 - 481" title="Why is Madagascar special? The extraordinarily slow evolution of pelican spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12578" volume="69" year="2015">Wood et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1470622D2E8E62730FDE3520D667BD00" author="Wood, HM" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="612 - 619" title="Phylogenetic relationships within an endemic group of Malagasy ' assassin spiders' (Araneae, Archaeidae): ancestral character reconstruction, convergent evolution and biogeography." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.012" volume="45" year="2007">Wood et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that carapace shape is not a good diagnostic trait for these genera. Phylogenetic analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7BDF76D1557C1054E57D5D08D912900" author="Wood, HM" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="462 - 481" title="Why is Madagascar special? The extraordinarily slow evolution of pelican spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12578" volume="69" year="2015">Wood et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and morphological examination of numerous African and Madagascan specimens suggests instead that the African and Madagascan species are short-range endemics that are restricted to either southern Africa or Madagascar, but not both (Fig. 1). Furthermore, after over 10 years of extensive collecting in Madagascar by CAS researchers, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C81126E54E115F642561F991E4337F42" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea godfreyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="godfreyi">Afrarchaea godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
have never been found. For these reasons we propose that the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E4D95588A94BFDD1303BEAABE794821" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Afrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrarchaea godfreyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="godfreyi">Afrarchaea godfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
be restricted to South Africa until evidence suggests otherwise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C44F8BEE2AD5EF9925E2BD156687D538" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9F055ADCBAF0F368B607A408017FDED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 29. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFE6A7E0ABBF25AACD1B5D4FC8AF239" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4601BB7F14D303EE27BECC96D238D8DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="86CE3EAD971FDEE806F7F56B30E00EDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 30. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B9AEA488565D65B32F335EBBF451B73" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EBBC46E2E4F42FFB62F9BEE3B853F2D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="F11EB557151C606150089AB056346661" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 31. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9615E124E9E81E3056D931687BDD4E58" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B316F8CC77360D20B76EED9EFC1C68D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="D66740AD6CE37DE554C93D79999E762C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 32. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78FD829738114472A3AA383305FA628B" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. ** The distribution for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DE2425F588A490309E1BDC4A4F16038" lsidName="E. pauliani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauliani">E. pauliani</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an approximation as the holotype does not have latitude/longitude data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="58C9416E2F44098EC78C5CEFC88629B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="D3742E720C148CCE9D39BAED8B8A6D52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 33. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="160BAEE88150DDC3B58E195A85382006" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Madagascarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madagascarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Madagascarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5ECD71D3E730F45622B6097D1533FFBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="F1DE94CD906AA471ABCAF287473A629B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 34. Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD3FA71646BE820F1515CB189C9715EA" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Madagascarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madagascarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Madagascarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |