259 lines
28 KiB
XML
259 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="7B8F1927E343F5A4625585B40806FAD7" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-CLB-Dataset="38927" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5076b5e6-84ce-4eec-bf5e-38226f269e04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255915" ID-ZooBank="9F38C031-BBF2-454B-9665-E30361920065" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465281591287" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krüger, Andreas" docDate="2016" docId="D209A942FFF7FFF7FF49CFCB1064FA26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4121.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4121 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Nevermannia) itwariense Krüger, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="2E30D13AFFF1FFF0FFDECF5C134DFFBA" masterDocTitle="The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698662707062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D13069EAA455B7D94E70A41F28578B6B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5AAD9D9D4F2497AEC219F7D15EAD4DC5">
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<mods:title id="93FBC8BD29450681F1108D9ACF209E82">The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1917BC6776886EDE7CD8C9564EFDA8B9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B75846A0CEDF161562C6E3A34DBCC3EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D1BE2C6AF9A7BA292791EFB0E43CD545">Krüger, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CC4E60370DAFC23B6EB736E53977A1B6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="16924980A58F834321A715A510C4C784">
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<mods:date id="413ADD1186286F007874FAF6841F31BD">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="33A483400ACC0F2CE3BA2F5E0030F09A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17A99A35525F8AB474896300BE5971F6">4121</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D2BAD9EF8D273BC032ADCB4A29B2CDE5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D209A942FFF7FFF7FF49CFCB1064FA26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D209A942FFF7FFF7FF49CFCB1064FA26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D209A942FFF7FFF7FF49CFCB1064FA26" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF7FFF6FF49CFCB1180FEAF" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF7FFF6FF49CFCB11F8FF08" blockId="6.[151,693,151,211]" box="[151,693,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="0157AF38FFF7FFF6FF49CFCB11F8FF08" bold="true" box="[151,693,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FF49CFCB11F8FF08" bold="true" box="[151,693,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF7FFF6FF49CFCB111DFF0B" box="[151,592,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FF49CFCB1242FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,271,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FEC1CFCB128EFF0B" bold="true" box="[287,451,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Nevermannia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FE0ACFCB111DFF0B" bold="true" box="[468,592,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">itwariense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF7FFF6FD89CFC411F8FF08" box="[599,693,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF7FFF6FF49CFE612C4FF69" blockId="6.[151,693,151,211]" box="[151,393,186,211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF7FFF6FF41CFE613A4FF69" box="[159,233,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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C, 3D, 5A–C)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF7FFF6FF49CFA11180FEAF" blockId="6.[151,1437,253,422]" box="[151,717,253,278]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Medium-sized species, wing length about 3.0 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF7FFF7FF19CE7D12D8FD77" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF7FFF6FF19CE7D1701FE1C" blockId="6.[151,1437,253,422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FF19CE7D1256FE83" box="[199,283,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Female</emphasis>
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. General habitus darker than in the two species described above. Setae of scutellum and abdomen and scales of mesonotum shiny golden. Postnotum is bare. Setae of wing tufts and basicosta blackish. Colour patterns of the legs as typical for
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF7FFF6FE73CE351175FE3B" box="[429,568,361,385]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FE73CE351175FE3B" box="[429,568,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF7FFF6FDE1CE35112DFE38" box="[575,608,361,386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Tarsal claws with a large basal tooth. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) very broad and voluminous, two thirds of the length of the third palpal segment (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF7FFF6FC39CED1176BFE1C" box="[999,1062,397,422]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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C).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0EDF48DCFFF7FFF6FF49C8E91263F853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[319,1263,474,1948]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF7FFF6FF49C8E91263F853" blockId="6.[151,1436,1972,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FF49C8E9125FF870" bold="true" box="[151,274,1973,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF7FFF6FEC6C8E812A5F871" box="[280,488,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FEC6C8E812A5F871" box="[280,488,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Simulium itwariense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF7FFF6FE33C8E91170F870" box="[493,573,1973,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF7FFF6FE33C8E91170F870" bold="true" box="[493,573,1973,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, dorsal view; B,C—basal trunks of gill. Scale bar: B,C = 0.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CFC417A1FEA7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CFC4124CFF0A" box="[199,257,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Male</emphasis>
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. Similar to females except of sexual differences. Dark appearance with shiny golden setae and scales. Setae of wing tufts and basicosta dark.
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<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FD8ECFE011C5FF6F" box="[592,648,188,213]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur dark as in
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FC91CFE010A7FF6E" box="[847,1002,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FC91CFE010A7FF6E" box="[847,1002,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. perforatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Basal third of hind tibia yellow.
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<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FABACFE016D1FF6F" box="[1380,1436,188,213]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Hind</collectingCountry>
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basitarsus dilated, length to width ratio 3.5–3.89 (mean 3.68, n=4). Terminalia of the general
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FB78CFBC167DFF4D" box="[1190,1328,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FB78CFBC167DFF4D" box="[1190,1328,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF6FFF7FAE9CFBC1613FF42" box="[1335,1374,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FABBCFBC16D5FF42" box="[1381,1432,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
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, with two pairs of strongly unequal parameral hooks, and the style distinctly shorter than the coxite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CE751261FDA2" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CE75124FFEFA" box="[199,258,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Pupa</emphasis>
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. Cocoon (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF6FFF7FE5ECE7B128AFEFA" box="[384,455,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[319,1263,474,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1263,474,1948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Simulium itwariense sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, dorsal view; B, C—basal trunks of gill. Scale bar: B, C = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255920/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) very similar to that in
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FCDDCE7410FEFEFA" box="[771,947,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FCDDCE7410FEFEFA" box="[771,947,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF6FFF7FC61CE7B1750FEFA" box="[959,1053,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FC61CE7B1750FEFA" bold="true" box="[959,1053,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Anterior rim reinforced, margin medially not, or only slightly produced. In contrast to the two species described above, all four gill filaments arise directly from the basal trunk and remain parallel without angulation or spreading (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF6FFF7FBE0CE3317CCFE32" box="[1086,1153,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,885,907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,198,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Basal aspects of pupal gills. A, B— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; C— S. perforatum; D— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – D = 0.5 mm. BV—basal vesicle; PP—pilous plate (approximate location)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255918/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D). The basal trunk (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF6FFF7FAB1CE3313E8FE17" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[319,1263,474,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[319,1263,474,1948]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Simulium itwariense sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, dorsal view; B, C—basal trunks of gill. Scale bar: B, C = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255920/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B,C) is much longer than wide (300–390 µm), but slightly shorter than in
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FBDBCEC816D1FE17" authority="Fain & Dujardin. The" authorityName="Fain & Dujardin. The" box="[1029,1436,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FBDBCEC817DAFE16" box="[1029,1175,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
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Fain & Dujardin. The
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</taxonomicName>
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basal vesicle corresponds to
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FE04CEE41147FE6A" box="[474,522,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
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2. The filament walls are intermediate between
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FBF3CEE41725FE6A" box="[1069,1128,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">types</typeStatus>
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1 and 2 (see
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF6FFF7FADFCEEB1609FE6A" box="[1281,1348,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B), thus differing from
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FEE0CE801283FE4E" box="[318,462,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FEE0CE801283FE4E" box="[318,462,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. There are six normal setae on the pilous plate with lengths between 50 µm and more than 100 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CD7912C3FD87" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,398,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CD791247FD86" box="[199,266,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Larva</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CD1B12D8FD77" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CD1B110BFDDA" bold="true" box="[199,582,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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Specimens examined.
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FE0ECD1B110CFDDA" box="[464,577,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Female emerged from pupa, with pupal case, Kabarole district, Nyakabale river near confl. Wamise,
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<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF6FFF7FE18CD30116DFD3E" box="[454,544,620,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF6FFF7FDF1CD3011FDFD3F" box="[559,688,620,645]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="0.7772222">0°46´38´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF6FFF7FD65CD301004FD3F" box="[699,841,620,645]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="30.438889">30°26´20´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF6FFF7FC86CD301084FD3E" box="[856,969,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" value="1993-05-10">10.v.1993</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms.
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FB55CD30164EFD3F" box="[1163,1283,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FB55CD30164EFD3F" bold="true" box="[1163,1283,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
(all emerged from pupae): 3 ♀, 3 Ƌ, pupal gills of one female and one male, and hypopygia of two males permanently mounted, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FEF5CDE812DCFD77" box="[299,401,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF6FFF7FF19CD841742FD4A" box="[199,1039,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CD841742FD4A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,1039,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CD841223FD4A" box="[199,366,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
(all emerged from pupae): 5 ♀, 5 Ƌ, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF6FFF7FC7BCD8B1746FD4A" box="[933,1035,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF6FFF7FF19CDA0129AFB7F" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CDA012FDFC1E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CDA0122DFCAF" bold="true" box="[199,352,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The sample from the Itwara forest reserve in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FC3DCDA01777FCAF" box="[995,1082,764,789]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the only record so far. The Nyakabale is one of several small streams draining from the forest, where only very few simuliid species are to be found. Since the location is not far from river Kamotonga, an occasional sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FBA7CC18165EFCE6" box="[1145,1299,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FBA7CC18165EFCE6" box="[1145,1299,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above) is possible. The morphologically very similar and probably closest related species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FB96CC341794FC3A" box="[1096,1241,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FB96CC341794FC3A" box="[1096,1241,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FA8DCC3416D1FC3A" box="[1363,1436,872,896]" name="Kenya" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF6FFF7FF40CCD012EEFC1E" author="Fain" box="[158,419,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CCF311A6FBAA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CCF312EFFC72" bold="true" box="[199,418,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Ecological details.</emphasis>
|
||
The width of Nyakabale measured 2 metres, the stream was fast flowing, covered by vegetation, i.e. thickets of low bush. The water temperature was 19°C, pH 7.0, electrical conductivity 72 µS/cm and total hardness 0.23 mmol/l of alkaline earth ions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CB40129AFB7F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CB401132FB8F" bold="true" box="[199,639,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Taxonomic position and recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
Following the key given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF6FFF7FC13CB4017ADFB8E" author="Fain" box="[973,1248,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FB33CB4016CCFB8E" box="[1261,1409,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FB33CB4016CCFB8E" box="[1261,1409,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. itwariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FE85CB1C12A7FBE2" box="[347,490,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FE85CB1C12A7FBE2" box="[347,490,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the pupal stage it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FCBACB1C10BFFBE2" box="[868,1010,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FCBACB1C10BFFBE2" box="[868,1010,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the slightly shorter basal trunk and the irregularly raised structures of the filament walls, which are described to be very short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FADECB3816D8FBC6" box="[1280,1429,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FADECB3816D8FBC6" box="[1280,1429,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Concerning the adults, the female sensory vesicle resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FC47CBD4176AFB1A" box="[921,1063,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyanzense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FC47CBD4176AFB1A" box="[921,1063,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nyanzense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FBEBCBD4179AFB25" box="[1077,1239,1160,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirimonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FBEBCBD4179AFB25" box="[1077,1239,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. sirimonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as further species with a broad vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF6FFF7FF19CB931064FA26" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF19CB9310ABFAB7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF19CB931203FB52" bold="true" box="[199,334,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is named after the Itwara forest reserve from where the sample was collected. The area is located some
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF6FFF7FE6DCBA812B7FAB7" box="[435,506,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
northeast of Fort Portal in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FC59CBA810AFFAB7" box="[903,994,1268,1293]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF6FFF7FF49CA031064FA26" blockId="7.[151,1436,1375,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF49CA031191FAC2" bold="true" box="[151,732,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Keys to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FE47CA3C1168FAC2" box="[409,549,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FE47CA3C1168FAC2" bold="true" box="[409,549,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF6FFF7FDF2CA03111EFAC2" box="[556,595,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF6FFF7FDA6CA03119AFAC2" box="[632,727,1375,1400]" name="Uganda" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
including the extra-Ugandan species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FB5ECA3C1647FACD" box="[1152,1290,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FB5ECA3C1647FACD" box="[1152,1290,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF6FFF7FACFCA3D16D1FAC2" box="[1297,1436,1375,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF6FFF7FF18CAD81228FA26" box="[198,357,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureosimile">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF6FFF7FF18CAD81228FA26" box="[198,357,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">S. aureosimile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF6FFF7FDC1CAD81051FA26" author="Fain" box="[543,796,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |