341 lines
38 KiB
XML
341 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="355B5C3C5E87A0D300E62397EBCD2EF1" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-CLB-Dataset="38927" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5076b5e6-84ce-4eec-bf5e-38226f269e04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255915" ID-ZooBank="9F38C031-BBF2-454B-9665-E30361920065" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465281591287" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krüger, Andreas" docDate="2016" docId="D209A942FFF0FFF3FF49CAFE127BFF42" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4121.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4121 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Nevermannia) bwambanum Krüger, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="2E30D13AFFF1FFF0FFDECF5C134DFFBA" masterDocTitle="The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698662707062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="24B716C013991B98F08BA7BCDCB25E3F">The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB46D9AC274B246C8B4FF966EBF11524">Krüger, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="577C666642030E5D6C90C8BE6A5F7D74">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="87AEF38FEF78A46D8B078835F708C88B">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B952BAE5E41941040AFC6A9C0B609AC3">4121</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D209A942FFF0FFF3FF49CAFE127BFF42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082342" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D209A942FFF0FFF3FF49CAFE127BFF42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D209A942FFF0FFF3FF49CAFE127BFF42" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF0FFF1FF49CAFE1180F99F" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF1FF49CAFE1198FA07" blockId="1.[151,725,1442,1502]" box="[151,725,1442,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="0157AF38FFF0FFF1FF49CAFE1198FA07" bold="true" box="[151,725,1442,1469]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FF49CAFE1198FA07" bold="true" box="[151,725,1442,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FF49CAFE113CFA06" box="[151,625,1442,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nevermannia">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FF49CAFE1242FA06" bold="true" box="[151,271,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FEC1CAFE128EFA06" bold="true" box="[287,451,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Nevermannia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FE0ACAFE113CFA06" bold="true" box="[468,625,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">bwambanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF0FFF1FDA6CAFF1198FA07" box="[632,725,1443,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF1FF49CA9912E8FA64" blockId="1.[151,725,1442,1502]" box="[151,421,1477,1502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF0FFF1FF41CA9913A5FA64" box="[159,232,1477,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A, 2A–C, 3A,B)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF1FF49C9511180F99F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1549,2006]" box="[151,717,1549,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Medium-sized species, wing length about 3.0 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF0FFF2FF19C96D10ABFB68" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF1FF19C96D11CBF960" blockId="1.[151,1436,1549,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FF19C96D1256F9F3" box="[199,283,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Female</emphasis>
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. General habitus as described for
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FD74C96E107BF9F3" box="[682,822,1586,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FD74C96E107BF9F3" box="[682,822,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF0FFF1FC9FC96E1021F9F0" box="[833,876,1585,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Setae of scutellum and abdomen pale golden or silvery. Mesonotum brownish with pale golden or silvery scales. Postnotum is bare. Setae of wing tufts and basicosta mainly golden, sometimes with a few dark ones. Colour patterns of the legs as typical for
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FB26C92616CEF92B" box="[1272,1411,1658,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FB26C92616CEF92B" box="[1272,1411,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF0FFF1FA54C92613EBF90C" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Tarsal claws with a large basal tooth. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) small, distinctly shorter than half of the length of the third palpal segment (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF0FFF1FDC1C99D1112F960" box="[543,607,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF1FF19C9B91109F8D0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1549,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FF19C9B9124CF947" box="[199,257,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Male</emphasis>
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. Similar to females except for sexual differences.
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<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF0FFF1FCF0C9B9102BF944" box="[814,870,1765,1790]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur in the distal half or third dark, the basal part yellowish. Basal half of hind tibia yellow.
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<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF0FFF1FD57C855118CF898" box="[649,705,1801,1826]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Hind</collectingCountry>
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basitarsus dilated, length to width ratio 3.56–4.25 (mean 3.92, n=4). Terminalia of the general
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FE25C87211CBF8FF" box="[507,646,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FE25C87211CBF8FF" box="[507,646,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF0FFF1FD52C87211F8F8FC" box="[652,693,1837,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF0FFF1FD65C87211A3F8FC" box="[699,750,1838,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
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, with two pairs of strongly unequal parameral hooks, and the style distinctly shorter than the coxite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF0FFF2FF19C82A1260FEDE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1549,2006]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FF19C82A124FF837" box="[199,258,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pupa</emphasis>
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. Cocoon finely woven without perforations (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF0FFF1FCDAC8291004F834" box="[772,841,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). Anterior rim not, or only slightly reinforced, but not produced. Gill filaments (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF0FFF1FE34C8C51174F808" box="[490,569,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A, 3A,B) almost indistinguishable from those of
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FBB2C8C61645F80B" box="[1132,1288,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FBB2C8C61645F80B" box="[1132,1288,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S. perforatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see below), resembling the configuration of
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF0FFF1FDD6C8E211DCF86F" box="[520,657,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF0FFF1FDD6C8E211DCF86F" box="[520,657,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">S. arabicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The upper pair of filaments arise from a very short common stalk, which is shorter than in
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FE7ACFC41171FF0A" box="[420,572,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE7ACFC41171FF0A" box="[420,572,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FDAACFC411B7FF0A" box="[628,762,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FDAACFC411B7FF0A" box="[628,762,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. arabicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The other two filaments arise directly from the basal trunk. At least the uppermost and the second filaments are spreading, both of them also suddenly bent downwards. Filament walls (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF3FFF2FE92CF8312C2FF42" box="[332,399,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B) are considered as intermediate between
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FCAFCFBC10E1FF42" box="[881,940,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">types</typeStatus>
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1 and 2 (
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<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF3FFF2FBCBCF831654FF42" author="Fain" box="[1045,1305,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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), i.e. with a slightly raised reticulum of obliquely directed lines of short piliform structures. The basal vesicle is well developed and slightly shorter than the basal trunk, i.e. intermediate between
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<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FC5DCE7410F3FEFA" box="[899,958,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">types</typeStatus>
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2 and 3 (
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<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF3FFF2FBF6CE7B1721FEFA" box="[1064,1132,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 3A,B). Pilous plate with normal setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF19CE2D12C3FE32" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[199,398,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF19CE2D1247FE32" box="[199,266,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Larva</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0EDF48DCFFF3FFF2FF49CCAE107AFB9C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF49CCAE107AFB9C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1006,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF49CCAE1258FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1010,1032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3rd palpal segment of females. A—
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FBD5CCAE17B8FBB2" box="[1035,1269,1010,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FBD5CCAE17B8FBB2" box="[1035,1269,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Simulium bwambanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FB22CCAE1602FBBD" box="[1276,1359,1010,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB22CCAE1602FBBD" bold="true" box="[1276,1359,1010,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; B—
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<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FA57CCAE1244FB9C" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FA57CCAE1244FB9C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FE9ECB4D128EFB9C" box="[320,451,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE9ECB4D128EFB9C" box="[320,451,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. itwariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE17CB4D1157FB9C" bold="true" box="[457,538,1041,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FE17CB4D1157FB9C" box="[457,538,1041,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar: A–C = 0.02 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF19CB1110ABFB68" blockId="2.[151,1436,1101,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF19CB11110BFBDC" bold="true" box="[199,582,1101,1126]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Specimens examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FE0ECB11110CFBDC" box="[464,577,1101,1126]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀ emerged from pupa, with pupal case, Bundibugyo ditrict, Bemara river,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FF49CB2E13ACFB30" box="[151,225,1138,1162]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.49" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="849.0">849 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FF31CB2E123DFB31" box="[239,368,1138,1163]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="0.7069444">0°42´25´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FEA7CB2E12B4FB30" box="[377,505,1138,1162]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="30.077778">30°4´40´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FDD8CB2E11DDFB31" box="[518,656,1138,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-10">10.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms.
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FC95CB2E108EFB31" box="[843,963,1138,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FC95CB2E108EFB31" bold="true" box="[843,963,1138,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
(all emerged from pupae): 2 ♀, 2 Ƌ, one male of which pupal gills are permanently mounted, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FCA7CBCA1093FB14" box="[889,990,1174,1198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; 2 ♀, Kabarole district, Mpanga river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FEE8CBE612C0FB68" box="[310,397,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6309999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1631.0">1631 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FE47CBE61157FB69" box="[409,538,1210,1235]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="0.66499996">0°39´54´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FDFFCBE611E2FB68" box="[545,687,1210,1234]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="30.1775">30°10´39´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FD62CBE6107AFB69" box="[700,823,1210,1235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF3FFF2FF19CB82162EFAD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF19CB82162EFAD8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1101,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF19CB82123DFB4C" box="[199,368,1246,1270]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
(all emerged from pupae): 6 ♀, 7 Ƌ, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF3FFF2FC1DCB821764FB4C" box="[963,1065,1246,1270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; 6 ♀, Kabarole district, Mpanga river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FE52CA5E12AEFAA0" box="[396,483,1282,1307]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6309999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1631.0">1631 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FE31CA5E1122FAA1" box="[495,623,1282,1307]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="0.66499996">0°39´54´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FDA9CA5E1048FAA0" box="[631,773,1282,1306]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="30.1775">30°10´39´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FCCFCA5E10C1FAA1" box="[785,908,1282,1307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 1 Ƌ, same but
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FB3DCA5E162DFAA0" box="[1251,1376,1282,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-02">2.viii.1991</date>
|
||
; 2 ♀, Kabarole district, Dunga river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FD66CA7A105CFA84" box="[696,785,1318,1342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.704" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1704.0">1704 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FCC1CA7910ECFA84" box="[799,929,1317,1342]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="0.6236111">0°37´25´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FC74CA791767FA84" box="[938,1066,1317,1342]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="30.157223">30°9´26´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FBE6CA7917F9FA84" box="[1080,1204,1317,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R.Garms, 1 Ƌ, Kabarole district, Mahoma river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FD1FCA161055FAD8" box="[705,792,1354,1378]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1829.0">1829 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FCFACA1610EBFAD9" box="[804,934,1354,1379]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="0.60833335">0°36´30´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF3FFF2FC72CA161763FAD8" box="[940,1070,1354,1378]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="30.146944">30°8´49´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF3FFF2FBE7CA1617F9FAD9" box="[1081,1204,1354,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF3FFF2FF19CA3111F1F851" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF19CA311276F939" blockId="2.[151,1436,1101,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF19CA31122DFA3C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1389,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
As known from several species of the subgroup, also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FC35CA3217D6FA3C" box="[1003,1179,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FC35CA3217D6FA3C" box="[1003,1179,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FB78CA311648FA3C" box="[1190,1285,1389,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB78CA311648FA3C" bold="true" box="[1190,1285,1389,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
seems to be restricted to mountainous habitats. So far, the species is only known from the sites listed above, situated on the northern slopes of the Ruwenzori mountains in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF3FFF2FCC5CAE9103FFA74" box="[795,882,1461,1486]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
at altitudes from
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF3FFF2FB9ECAE917A1FA74" box="[1088,1260,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1340.0" valueMax="1830.0" valueMin="850.0">850 to 1830 m</quantity>
|
||
. All mentioned rivers emerge near the Bwamba pass between the districts Kabarole and Bundibugyo, river Bemara draining to the northwestern, the others to southeastern directions. In all four rivers sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FB59CAA21668F9AC" box="[1159,1317,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB59CAA21668F9AC" box="[1159,1317,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in rivers Bemara, Mahoma and Mpanga with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FDE1C97E1003F981" authority="Roubaud" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[575,846,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FDE1C97E1192F980" box="[575,735,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the Bemara also with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FB74C97E160CF980" box="[1194,1345,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="damnosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB74C97E160CF980" box="[1194,1345,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. damnosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FA92C97F163AF981" box="[1356,1399,1570,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FA59C97E12DFF9E5" authority="Pomeroy" authorityName="Pomeroy" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicornutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FA59C97E126BF9E4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. unicornutum</emphasis>
|
||
Pomeroy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FE14C91A104BF9E4" authority="Pomeroy. Water" authorityName="Pomeroy. Water" box="[458,774,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE14C91A1106F9E4" box="[458,587,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
Pomeroy. Water
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
temperatures: Bemara 20°C, Dunga 17°C, Mahoma 19°C, Mpanga 16°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF3FFF2FF19C9D111F1F851" blockId="2.[151,1436,1101,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF19C9D111CEF91C" bold="true" box="[199,643,1677,1702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Taxonomic position and recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species was recognized in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF3FFF2FB46C9D117A2F91C" box="[1176,1263,1677,1702]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1991 by R. Garms and tentatively identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FDE3C9EE11ADF970" box="[573,736,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureosimile">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FDE3C9EE11ADF970" box="[573,736,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. aureosimile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Applying the criteria of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF3FFF2FBCAC9EE1662F970" author="Fain" box="[1044,1327,1714,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the new species differs in most pupal characters from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FD71C98A101FF954" box="[687,850,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureosimile">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FD71C98A101FF954" box="[687,850,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. aureosimile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing a mixture of characters of several other species. The most typical features are the configuration of the gill filaments (shared only by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FB36C9A61639F8A8" box="[1256,1396,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB36C9A61639F8A8" box="[1256,1396,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. arabicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FA59C9A61258F88C" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FA59C9A61258F88C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, partially,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FE16C842111EF88C" box="[456,595,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachium">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE16C842111EF88C" box="[456,595,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. brachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), combined with the finely woven cocoon (not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FB74C842160AF88C" box="[1194,1351,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB74C842160AF88C" box="[1194,1351,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FA59C842124FF8E0" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachium">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FA59C842124FF8E0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. brachium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the slightly raised reticulum (not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FD0AC81E1016F8E0" box="[724,859,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FD0AC81E1016F8E0" box="[724,859,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. arabicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FBD0C81E17F4F8E0" box="[1038,1209,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FBD0C81E17F4F8E0" box="[1038,1209,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FB1EC81E1657F8E1" box="[1216,1306,1858,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FB1EC81E1657F8E1" bold="true" box="[1216,1306,1858,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FF28C83A12CCF8C4" box="[246,385,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF28C83A12CCF8C4" box="[246,385,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FE59C83B128CF8C4" box="[391,449,1895,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FE29C83A1130F8C4" box="[503,637,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE29C83A1130F8C4" box="[503,637,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. arabicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of scales on the postnotum, from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FADCC83A16D1F8C4" box="[1282,1436,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FADCC83A16D1F8C4" box="[1282,1436,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF3FFF2FF18C8D6121AF818" box="[198,343,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FF18C8D6121AF818" box="[198,343,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">S. itwariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF3FFF2FE83C8D612FBF819" bold="true" box="[349,438,1930,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF3FFF2FE83C8D612FBF819" box="[349,438,1930,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the generally paler habitus, including pale setae of wing tufts and basicosta. The latter characters were not described in the revision by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF3FFF2FD15C8F11092F87C" author="Fain" box="[715,991,1965,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and, therefore, cannot be discussed in comparison with further species of the subgroup.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF2FFF3FF19CFCB127BFF42" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF2FFF3FF19CFCB127BFF42" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF2FFF3FF19CFCB1203FF0A" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is named after the Bwamba pass which is located in the northern slopes of the Ruwenzori Mountains in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF2FFF3FDC6CFE0113EFF6F" box="[536,627,188,213]" name="Uganda" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Near this place, all rivers emerge from where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF2FFF3FB52CFE01675FF6E" box="[1164,1336,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF2FFF3FB52CFE01675FF6E" box="[1164,1336,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF2FFF3FA9FCFE016D1FF6F" box="[1345,1436,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF2FFF3FA9FCFE016D1FF6F" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |