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<document id="89290A1A444DFA3E15D626739BEF5187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e05e3db5-7c1d-48ce-aa5e-5c5409fb614d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232778" ID-ZooBank="398BC024-9546-409C-A18C-04948A9734E0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461077964653" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel" docDate="2015" docId="C619C521BA7F9B4DD8CCFB2830D9FB59" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03964p525.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3964 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Daptonema amphorum Leduc, 2015, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="513" masterDocId="3A20BD59BA779B41D85BFFE6323AFFEF" masterDocTitle="One new genus and five new nematode species (Monhysterida, Xyalidae) from Tonga and Kermadec Trenches, Southwest Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="525" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="509" updateTime="1698587065278" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4D598BDBC814757E3E9A99A66C9B8DDA">One new genus and five new nematode species (Monhysterida, Xyalidae) from Tonga and Kermadec Trenches, Southwest Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E046BDC6863216C33BF08B9088274EF">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="69F29113995AF1D7747DEDB2168BB197">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="37F23F23812DBD7D62B841E43D83F720" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="02523A24ED4148AE0234337B7CC7CF27" type="GBIF-Dataset">e05e3db5-7c1d-48ce-aa5e-5c5409fb614d</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C619C521BA7F9B4DD8CCFB2830D9FB59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661410" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C619C521BA7F9B4DD8CCFB2830D9FB59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C619C521BA7F9B4DD8CCFB2830D9FB59" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7F9B49D8CCFB283330FAE5" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D8CCFB2833C3FB07" blockId="8.[151,505,1230,1290]" box="[151,505,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<heading id="1547C35BBA7F9B49D8CCFB2833C3FB07" bold="true" box="[151,505,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D8CCFB2833C3FB07" bold="true" box="[151,505,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7F9B49D8CCFB28338AFB07" ID-CoL="8G6DY" box="[151,432,1230,1256]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D8CCFB28338AFB07" bold="true" box="[151,432,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7F9B49D9ECFB2833C3FB07" box="[439,505,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D8CCFB173330FAE5" blockId="8.[151,505,1230,1290]" box="[151,266,1265,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
(
<figureCitation id="D68B68B2BA7F9B49D8C4FB173339FAE5" box="[159,259,1265,1290]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1424,201,1829]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1423,202,1842]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1430,186,1663]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[150,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Male paratypes. A: Lateral view of anterior body region; B: lateral view of head; C: copulatory apparatus; D: posterior body region; E: entire male. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 18 µm; C = 14 µm; D = 40 µm; E = 88 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Female holotype. A: Lateral view of anterior body region; lateral view of posterior body region; C: gonad, showing structure of prevulvar uterine sac; D: entire female. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 28 µm; C = 31 µm; D = 90 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Micrographs of holotype. A: Female head; B: sperm; C: lateral view of prevulvar uterine sac. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/232783/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/232784/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/232785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7F9B49D8CCFADF33E7FABD" box="[151,477,1337,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D8CCFADF33E7FABD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" box="[151,477,1337,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D8CCFADF3377FABD" bold="true" box="[151,333,1337,1362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Measurements.</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="0332418CBA7F9B49D9DFFADF33EDFABD" box="[388,471,1337,1362]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics (µm) of Lamyronema horizonensis n. gen. n. sp. and Daptonema amphorum n. sp. (a, body length / maximum body diameter; abd, anal body diameter; b, body length / pharynx length; c, body length / tail length; cbd, corresponding body diameter; L, total body length; V, vulva distance from anterior end of body; % V, V / total body length)." pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7F9B49D89CFABB310DF9C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D89CFABB3391FA0D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D89CFABB33A9FA99" bold="true" box="[199,403,1373,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7F9B49D89CFABB3338FA99" box="[199,258,1373,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7F9B49D9FFFABB3036FA99" box="[420,524,1373,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (99743), collected
<date id="3A0E52F7BA7F9B49DB3BFAB8360AFA99" box="[864,1072,1373,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="2013-10-10">10 October 2013</date>
(JAMSTEC cruise YK13-10, deployment 2-1, core 1). One
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7F9B49D9A9FA643068FA75" box="[498,594,1410,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (99744), collected
<date id="3A0E52F7BA7F9B49DBDCFA643672FA75" box="[903,1096,1409,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="2013-10-10">10 October 2013</date>
(JAMSTEC cruise YK13-10, deployment 2-1, core 3). One
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7F9B49D9A1FA403060FA51" box="[506,602,1446,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male (99745), collected
<date id="3A0E52F7BA7F9B49DBDBFA403679FA51" box="[896,1091,1445,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" value="2013-10-12">12 October 2013</date>
(JAMSTEC cruise YK13-10, deployment 2-3, core 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D89CFA0B310DF9C6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D89CFA0B3352F9E9" bold="true" box="[199,360,1517,1542]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7F9B49D89CFA0B3338F9E9" box="[199,258,1517,1542]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Type</typeStatus>
habitat.
</emphasis>
Horizon Deep,
<collectingCountry id="36A734A7BA7F9B49DA78FA083052F9E9" box="[547,616,1518,1542]" name="Tonga" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Tonga</collectingCountry>
Trench (
<geoCoordinate id="2B8412F0BA7F9B49DA88FA083143F9EA" box="[723,889,1518,1542]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" value="-174.74971">174.74971º W</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2B8412F0BA7F9B49DBDCFA083628F9E9" box="[903,1042,1518,1542]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" value="-23.27382">23.27382º S</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="2B8412F0BA7F9B49DC15FA0B36C9F9EA" box="[1102,1267,1517,1542]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" value="-174.75224">174.75224º W</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2B8412F0BA7F9B49DD5BFA0B37B7F9E9" box="[1280,1421,1517,1542]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" precision="1" value="-23.27514">23.27514º S</geoCoordinate>
), water depth: 10817 and
<quantity id="8948D9D2BA7F9B49D9FDF9F43033F9C6" box="[422,521,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0810999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="m" value="10811.0">10811 m</quantity>
, sediment depth:
<quantity id="8948D9D2BA7F9B49DA95F9F43109F9C6" box="[718,819,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7F9B49D89CF9D33145F99D" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D89CF9D33145F99D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D89CF9D33374F9A1" bold="true" box="[199,334,1589,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the latin
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49DB64F9D3319EF9A1" box="[831,932,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">amphora</emphasis>
(= two-handled vase, pitcher, jar) and refers to the distinctive shape of the prevulvar uterine sac (spermatheca).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7F9B4DD89CF99B32DCFE87" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D89CF99B30F2F931" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7F9B49D89CF99B3363F979" bold="true" box="[199,345,1661,1686]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Description.</emphasis>
Females. Body cylindrical, tapering towards anterior and posterior extremities. Cuticle striated, ~1.0 µm thick, with 10 annulations every ~16–22 µm. Cellular structure of chords indistinct. Sub-cephalic setae absent; somatic setae short and sparse, 2 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7F9B49D89CF90F36D3F859" blockId="8.[151,1437,1337,1974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
Head blunt, narrow; labial region 4 µm in height. Six inner labial papillae; six long outer labial setae and four cephalic setae in one circle, ~0.4 cbd long, jointed, cephalic setae of same length as outer labial setae. Amphideal fovea circular, with cuticularised outline and central spot, 1.7–1.9 cbd from anterior. Buccal cavity small, 4–7 µm deep, not cuticularised, with shallow anterior cylindrical portion and funnel-shaped posterior portion (
<figureCitation id="D68B68B2BA7F9B49DD79F8B33751F881" box="[1314,1387,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,201,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Male paratypes. A: Lateral view of anterior body region; B: lateral view of head; C: copulatory apparatus; D: posterior body region; E: entire male. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 18 µm; C = 14 µm; D = 40 µm; E = 88 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232783/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Figs 5</figureCitation>
B &amp; 7A). Pharynx muscular, widening posteriorly but not forming true posterior bulb. Cardia short, 6–8 µm long. Nerve ring situated at 33–42% of pharynx length from anterior. Secretory-excretory system not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1ACF24BFBA7E9B48D8CCF8AE32CEF874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232783/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" targetBox="[164,1424,201,1829]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7E9B48D8CCF8AE32CEF874" blockId="9.[151,1436,1864,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7E9B48D8CCF8AE3139F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,771,1864,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
FIGURE 5.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7E9B48D941F8AF3034F8B1" box="[282,526,1864,1886]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7E9B48D941F8AF3034F8B1" bold="true" box="[282,526,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7E9B48DA4FF8AE3074F8B2" box="[532,590,1864,1885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Male paratypes.
</emphasis>
A: Lateral view of anterior body region; B: lateral view of head; C: copulatory apparatus; D: posterior body region; E: entire male. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 18 µm; C = 14 µm; D = 40 µm; E = 88 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1ACF24BFBA7D9B4BD8CCF8B63306F84C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232784/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" targetBox="[165,1423,202,1842]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7D9B4BD8CCF8B63306F84C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1871,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7D9B4BD8CCF8B63132F88A" bold="true" box="[151,776,1871,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7D9B4BD942F8B63036F88A" box="[281,524,1871,1893]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7D9B4BD942F8B63036F88A" bold="true" box="[281,524,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7D9B4BDA4AF8B63070F88A" box="[529,586,1872,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female holotype.
</emphasis>
A: Lateral view of anterior body region; lateral view of posterior body region; C: gonad, showing structure of prevulvar uterine sac; D: entire female. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 28 µm; C = 31 µm; D = 90 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1ACF24BFBA7C9B4AD8CCF97E33EBF922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232785/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" targetBox="[159,1430,186,1663]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7C9B4AD8CCF97E33EBF922" blockId="11.[151,1435,1688,1741]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7C9B4AD8CCF97E315EF941" bold="true" box="[151,868,1688,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
FIGURE 7.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7C9B4AD942F97F3037F941" box="[281,525,1688,1710]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7C9B4AD942F97F3037F941" bold="true" box="[281,525,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7C9B4ADA48F97F3076F941" box="[531,588,1689,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Micrographs of holotype.
</emphasis>
A: Female head; B: sperm; C: lateral view of prevulvar uterine sac. Scale bar = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7C9B4AD89CF91C363EF805" blockId="11.[151,1436,1786,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
Reproductive system, monodelphic, prodelphic, with ovary to the left of intestine. Vagina directed anteriorly, situated slightly posterior to mid-body; small vaginal glands present on either side of vagina; muscular pars proximalis vaginae. Prevulvar uterine sac conspicuously cuticularised, cylindrical, with rounded distal end (
<figureCitation id="D68B68B2BA7C9B4ADD31F8A4329FF891" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,202,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Female holotype. A: Lateral view of anterior body region; lateral view of posterior body region; C: gonad, showing structure of prevulvar uterine sac; D: entire female. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 28 µm; C = 31 µm; D = 90 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232784/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Figs 6</figureCitation>
C and 7C). Prevulvar uterine sac is connected to uterine wall by cuticularised rim (or fold) at one third of uterine sac length from proximal end; another cuticularised rim surrounds opening. Several sperm cells present in uterus and prevulvar uterine sac. Postvulvar uterine sac absent. Tail conico-cylindrical, with a few sparse somatic setae and two terminal setae, 5 µm long. Two (perhaps three) caudal glands present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7B9B4DD89CFF7132DCFE87" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
Males. Similar to males but with slightly higher
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDABCFF7F30CFFF5F" box="[743,757,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">a</emphasis>
values. Reproductive system diorchic with two outstretched and opposed testes; anterior testis to the left and posterior testis to the right of intestine. Sperm cells nucleated, globular, 10 × 12–17 µm (
<figureCitation id="D68B68B2BA7B9B4DD998FF073032FF15" box="[451,520,225,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,186,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1667]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Micrographs of holotype. A: Female head; B: sperm; C: lateral view of prevulvar uterine sac. Scale bar = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232785/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Spicules 1.1 cbd long, arcuate, strongly cuticularised, with pointed distal end and capitulum; velum present. Gubernaculum thin, 11 µm long, surrounding spicules distally, without apophyses. Four to five ejaculatory glands present on either side of vas deferens (
<figureCitation id="D68B68B2BA7B9B4DDBF7FECD31D5FEAB" box="[940,1007,299,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,201,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Daptonema amphorum n. sp. Male paratypes. A: Lateral view of anterior body region; B: lateral view of head; C: copulatory apparatus; D: posterior body region; E: entire male. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 18 µm; C = 14 µm; D = 40 µm; E = 88 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232783/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Pre-cloacal setae and supplements absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7B9B4DD89CFE923188FB82" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7B9B4DD89CFE923343FDCF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD89CFE92337BFE62" bold="true" box="[199,321,372,397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD910FE90306BFE62" box="[331,593,372,397]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD910FE90306BFE62" box="[331,593,372,397]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDA00FE9230A7FE62" bold="true" box="[603,669,372,397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DDA00FE9230A7FE62" box="[603,669,372,397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterised by
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDBDCFE9231D9FE62" box="[903,995,372,397]" class="Adenophorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Manganonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="medium">medium</taxonomicName>
body length (955–1030 µm), short (2 µm) somatic setae, narrow head region, amphideal fovea relatively far (1.7–1.9 cbd) from anterior body extremity, arcuate spicules 1.1 cbd long, thin gubernaculum without apophyses surrounding spicules distally, and cuticularised prevulvar uterine sac with two rims (one at proximal end and one at one third of uterine sac length from proximal end).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7B9B4DD89CFDCA30CBFC35" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD89CFDCA33E9FDAA" bold="true" box="[199,467,556,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD9BBFDC830D3FDAA" box="[480,745,556,581]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD9BBFDC830D3FDAA" box="[480,745,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDAADFDCA3101FDAA" bold="true" box="[758,827,556,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DDAADFDCA3101FDAA" box="[758,827,556,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from all other species of the genus by the presence of a cuticularised prevulvar uterine sac. The presence of a prevulvar uterine sac has been noted in a few
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD8CCFD913320FD61" box="[151,282,631,654]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD8CCFD913320FD61" box="[151,282,631,654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, but they are never cuticularised.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDAAAFD9136AAFD61" authority="Filipjev, 1922" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[753,1168,630,655]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDAAAFD9131E0FD61" box="[753,986,631,654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema conicum</emphasis>
(Filipjev, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDC93FD91335EFD5C" authority="Vincx &amp; Coomans, 1983" authorityName="Vincx &amp; Coomans" authorityYear="1983" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDC93FD91376BFD60" box="[1224,1361,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. williamsi</emphasis>
Vincx &amp; Coomans, 1983
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by a prevulvar uterine sac, but both also possess a posteriorly-directed vagina (versus anteriorly-directed in
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD9B8FD273044FD37" box="[483,638,703,728]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD9B8FD273044FD37" box="[483,638,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDADEFD5930FEFD37" bold="true" box="[645,708,703,728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DDADEFD5930FEFD37" box="[645,708,703,728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), and a postvulvar uterine sac (versus absent). It should be noted that the structure of the postvulvar uterine sac in
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDA91FD00316FFD12" box="[714,853,740,765]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDA91FD00316FFD12" box="[714,853,740,765]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. williamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of the prevulvar uterine sac in
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDDDAFD00332AFCCD" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDDDAFD00332AFCCD" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD94DFCEF336EFCCD" bold="true" box="[278,340,777,802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DD94DFCEF336EFCCD" box="[278,340,777,802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD939FCEC33B6FCCE" box="[354,396,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">i.e.,</emphasis>
cuticularised with a distinct rim surrounding the proximal end. The other
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDC99FCEC377FFCCE" box="[1218,1349,778,801]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDC99FCEC377FFCCE" box="[1218,1349,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with prevulvar uterine sac are:
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD9A8FCC93137FCA8" authority="Steiner, 1916" authorityName="Steiner" authorityYear="1916" box="[499,781,814,839]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD9A8FCC93054FCA9" box="[499,622,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. arcticus</emphasis>
Steiner, 1916
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDB43FCC9366AFCA9" authority="Filipjev, 1922" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[792,1104,814,839]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDB43FCC931A3FCA9" box="[792,921,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. conicum</emphasis>
(Filipjev, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDC07FCC937ADFCA9" authority="Lorenzen, 1972" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1972" box="[1116,1431,814,838]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDC07FCC936F1FCA9" box="[1116,1227,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. nanum</emphasis>
(Lorenzen, 1972)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD8CCFCB23001FC83" authority="Murphy &amp; Canaris, 1964" authorityName="Murphy &amp; Canaris" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,571,851,876]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pratti">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD8CCFCB232C0FC84" box="[151,250,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. pratti</emphasis>
(Murphy &amp; Canaris, 1964)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDA17FCB231A5FC83" authority="Gerlach, 1951" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1951" box="[588,927,851,876]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="procerum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDA17FCB230E7FC84" box="[588,733,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. procerum</emphasis>
(Gerlach, 1951)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDBF6FCB23737FC84" authority="Lorenzen, 1972" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1972" box="[941,1293,851,875]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="proprium">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDBF6FCB23601FC84" box="[941,1083,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. proprium</emphasis>
(Lorenzen, 1972)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDD47FCB23315FC7F" authority="Cobb, 1914" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1914" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sentiens">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDD47FCB237A6FC84" box="[1308,1436,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. sentiens</emphasis>
(Cobb, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD930FC9F3093FC7F" authority="Butschli, 1874" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1874" box="[363,681,887,912]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="setosum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD930FC9F33D2FC7F" box="[363,488,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. setosum</emphasis>
(Butschli, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDAEFFC9F3605FC7F" authority="Schneider, 1906" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1906" box="[692,1087,887,912]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trabeculosum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDAEFFC9F314AFC7F" box="[692,880,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. trabeculosum</emphasis>
(Schneider, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
is listed by
<bibRefCitation id="2A2109C6BA7B9B4DDC93FC9E37A6FC7F" box="[1224,1436,887,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" refString="Neres, P. F., da Fonseca-Genevois, V. G., Torres, R. A., Cavalcanti, M. F., de Castro, F. J. V., da Silva, N. R. R., Rieger, T. T. &amp; Decraemer, W. (2010) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of a new Daptonema (Nematoda, Xyalidae) with comments on the systematics of some related taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158, 1 - 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00528. x" type="journal article">
Neres
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDD4AFC9F3770FC7F" box="[1297,1354,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
among the species possessing a prevulvar uterine sac, but no description of it could be found in the original description, or the re-description by
<bibRefCitation id="2A2109C6BA7B9B4DDA75FC2430D6FC35" author="Lorenzen" box="[558,748,962,986]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1977) Revision det Xyalidae (freilebende nematoden) auf der grundlage einer kritischen analyse von 56 Aarten aus Nord- und Ostsee. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 197 - 261" type="journal article" year="1977">Lorenzen (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7B9B4DD89CFC013188FB82" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD89CFC0133F6FC10" box="[199,460,998,1023]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD89CFC0133F6FC10" box="[199,460,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD98EFC00302CFC10" bold="true" box="[469,534,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DD98EFC00302CFC10" box="[469,534,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDAEAFC013646FC10" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[689,1148,998,1023]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xyaliforme">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDAEAFC013177FC10" box="[689,845,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. xyaliforme</emphasis>
(Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DDCD0FC0132E1FBCC" authority="Vitiello, 1971" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1971" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paratortum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDCD0FC013714FC11" box="[1163,1326,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. paratortum</emphasis>
(Vitiello, 1971)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD94EFBEA3077FBCC" authority="Lorenzen, 1972" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1972" box="[277,589,1035,1059]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD94EFBEA33BEFBCC" box="[277,388,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">D. nanum</emphasis>
(Lorenzen, 1972)
</taxonomicName>
in the narrow head shape and position of the amphideal fovea relatively far from anterior end of body.
<taxonomicName id="89B00FB4BA7B9B4DD990FBD730F5FBA7" box="[459,719,1071,1096]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Daptonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amphorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD990FBD730F5FBA7" box="[459,719,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Daptonema amphorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DDA8CFBC93122FBA7" bold="true" box="[727,792,1071,1096]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="67F7155EBA7B9B4DDA8CFBC93122FBA7" box="[727,792,1071,1096]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be differentiated from the latter three species by the absence of gubernacular apophyses (present in the other three species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06AA27BCBA7B9B4DD89CFB9F30D9FB59" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4E0F7437BA7B9B4DD89CFB9F30D9FB59" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="7CC4A825BA7B9B4DD89CFB9F3301FB7D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1145,1170]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Remarks.</emphasis>
A female was designated as
<typeStatus id="910BCA95BA7B9B4DDAD0FB9F30D7FB7D" box="[651,749,1145,1170]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
because the main diagnostic characteristic of this species is the presence of a cuticularised prevulvar uterine sac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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