173 lines
18 KiB
XML
173 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="22AA82EB6F755ACEA500B1B35D7BCFA0">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0A8FCACCC2243DEA5D09F94DC8A8080">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C16A45A8E5E0239FB008C88673EC29E">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4593185E55786125A34C88A3A01650DE">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="132C152D0A9AEDBFBEC23074E7510967">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="23BAE25D38253236871A93CA29EB95CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4ADB3577F7C4E89AF7971AB7A77575F">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFA1FF8AE0D051838957FD75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518194" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518194" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFA1FF8AE0D051838957FD75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFA1FF8AE0D051838957FD75" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA1FF8BE0D0518389D7FAD1" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA1FF8BE0D051838CFFFC15" blockId="96.[151,1437,942,1293]" box="[151,472,942,969]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="604781C1FFA1FF8BE0D051838CFFFC15" bold="true" box="[151,472,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA1FF8BE0D051838CFFFC15" ID-CoL="TZ2P" ID-ENA="445150" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,472,942,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shudikarensis">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA1FF8BE0D051838CFFFC15" bold="true" box="[151,472,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Chiasmocleis shudikarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA1FF8BE08051FE89D7FAD1" blockId="96.[151,1437,942,1293]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA1FF8BE08051FE8CEAFC31" bold="true" box="[199,461,979,1005]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on 13 tadpoles between Stages 36 and 38 (LSC 614; INPA-H 1572, 8421; CZPB-LA 39/111, 40/112). Total length 15.0 ± 2.0 mm (N = 13). Body oval in dorsal view and triangular in lateral views (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFA1FF8BE17356368C9CFBE9" box="[308,443,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1998,2022]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,1324,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-492@96.[151,1436,1317,1975]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 63. Tadpole of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (LCS 614) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view and (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518146/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 63A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout truncate in dorsal and lateral views. Eyes small, positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils not perforated. Mouth terminal. Anterior lip narrow, fleshy, covering the oral opening; posterior lip narrow with U-shaped medial notch. Jaw sheaths, papillae and tooth rows absent. Spiracle single, long and wide, positioned ventromedially; distal border projecting over the vent tube, with small finger-shaped projections. Vent tube dextral, fused to the ventral fin, with a ventral opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow, originating at the tail-body junction, convex; ventral fin high and convex. In dorsal and ventral fins near the base of the tail there is a peculiar thickening. Tail with flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFA1FF8BE0D055E388BAF83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518146" box="[151,1437,1998,2023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518146/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" startId="96.[151,250,1998,2022]" targetBox="[151,1420,1324,1974]" targetPageId="96">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA1FF8BE0D055E388BAF83B" blockId="96.[151,1437,1998,2023]" box="[151,1437,1998,2023]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA1FF8BE0D055E38C39F83A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1998,2022]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA1FF8BE1D755E38F80F83A" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1949" box="[400,679,1998,2022]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shudikarensis">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA1FF8BE1D755E38F80F83A" box="[400,679,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Chiasmocleis shudikarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(LCS 614) at Stage 39: (A) lateral view and (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA0FF8AE08052BB88ADFE0D" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA0FF8AE08052BB8CA2FEC1" blockId="97.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE08052BB8C07FF6C" bold="true" box="[199,288,150,176]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative dorsum and caudal musculature with dark melanophores, venter whitish with scattered melanophores on anterior part; fins translucent with few melanophores. In life dorsum greenish, venter whitish, tail fins translucent; tail muscle greenish with melanophores up to half its length; posterior third of tail muscle whitish (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE0D8532E8C5DFEC1" author="Menin, M. & Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J." box="[159,378,259,285]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref80916" refString="Menin, M., Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J. (2011 b) Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0309" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE0B6532E8C0EFEC1" box="[241,297,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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2011b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA0FF8AE080530B8DCAFE55" blockId="97.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE080530B8C18FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,319,294,320]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Variation.</emphasis>
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External nostrils no perforated and dorsally positioned, consisting of a rounded whitish spot at the Stage 43; projections of the spiracle are visible at Stages 25 to 35 and are reduced at Stages 36 to 38 (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE55653668DC6FE55" author="Menin, M. & Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J." pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref80916" refString="Menin, M., Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J. (2011 b) Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0309" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE523536688BAFEB9" box="[1380,1437,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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2011b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA0FF8AE08053BE88ADFE0D" blockId="97.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE08053BE8CA1FE70" bold="true" box="[199,390,402,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Clutches contain about
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<specimenCount id="2DB6FD24FFA0FF8AE2DF53BE8FDAFE71" box="[664,765,403,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="egg">230 eggs</specimenCount>
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and are laid on the water surface (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE4C153BE8862FE71" author="Lima, A. P. & Magnusson, W. E. & Menin, M. & Erdtmann, L. K. & Rodrigues, D. J. & Keller, C." box="[1158,1349,403,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref79759" refString="Lima, A. P., Magnusson, W. E., Menin, M., Erdtmann, L. K., Rodrigues, D. J., Keller, C. & H ˆ dl, W. (2012) Guia de Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Central Amazonia. 2 nd Edition. Editora INPA, Manaus, 187 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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<collectingRegion id="F974F84FFFA0FF8AE4C153BE89E4FE71" box="[1158,1219,403,429]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lima</collectingRegion>
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE48C53BE8823FE71" box="[1227,1284,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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) in isolated temporary ponds in terra-firme forests (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE2C8539A8E4DFE0D" author="Menin, M. & Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J." box="[655,874,439,465]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref80916" refString="Menin, M., Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J. (2011 b) Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0309" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE2A6539A8E3EFE0D" box="[737,793,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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2011b
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Tadpoles are found in most months of the year.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFA0FF8AE08053F78957FD75" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA0FF8AE08053F789E6FDBD" blockId="97.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE08053F78C68FE28" bold="true" box="[199,335,474,500]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA0FF8AE19C53F68FB4FE29" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1949" box="[475,659,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Chiasmocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shudikarensis">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE19C53F68FB4FE29" box="[475,659,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C. shudikarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Central Amazonia were illustrated by Hero (1990) and described by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE0FD53D28C83FDC5" author="Menin, M. & Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J." box="[186,420,511,537]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref80916" refString="Menin, M., Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J. (2011 b) Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0309" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Menin
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||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE14D53D28C65FDC5" box="[266,322,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2011b)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Tadpoles illustrated by Hero (1990) differ from those herein characterized by presenting a noticeable constriction in the posterior third of the body in dorsal view, and a short spiracle that does not reach the vent tube. Tadpoles herein characterized are similar to those described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFA0FF8AE394506A899AFDBD" author="Menin, M. & Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J." box="[979,1213,583,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref80916" refString="Menin, M., Souza, L. S. & Rodrigues, D. J. (2011 b) Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 223 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0309" type="journal article" year="2011">
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||
Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE464506A897CFDBD" box="[1059,1115,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011b)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFA0FF8AE0D050A38957FD75" blockId="97.[151,1136,654,681]" box="[151,1136,654,681]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE0D050A38CA1FD75" bold="true" box="[151,390,654,681]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE0AD50A38CA1FD75" bold="true" box="[234,390,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA0FF8AE0AD50A38CA5FD75" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1904" box="[234,386,654,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ctenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ctenophryne</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFA0FF8AE23550A28E24FD75" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1904" box="[626,771,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ctenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFA0FF8AE23550A28E24FD75" box="[626,771,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Ctenophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the Central Amazon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |