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<mods:title id="020A4198BF1A77E12BABE32DCC08FFBF">Taxonomy of Baetis Leach in Israel (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92AC19BBD4F1FEDD0018AC8E580DF1B2">Gattolliat, Jean-Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D72D1F0DF21B710C6D55D91EFCA2FF6">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AF88A61E79063269D2D6A0C75A1F6A32" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149052370" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF88A61E79063269D2D6A0C75A1F6A32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF88A61E79063269D2D6A0C75A1F6A32" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="3A06C827E8EC34E9680806A8645F9D3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF874AAE6FA43C8D15E5DF5E3AA5583B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="D50A16E99B4FB9930546157D914E7CA8" ID-CoL="KCZL" authority="Gattolliat &amp; Sartori, 2012" authorityName="Gattolliat &amp; Sartori" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati Gattolliat &amp; Sartori, 2012</taxonomicName>
Figures 4C, 10, 11
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB04F9B6D28CA93B89688C144653A14A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A28D46559AF49A84CC1EC1081523C6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="D4E3353667BC6C4C9FAD4871EDC5313A" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
Gattolliat &amp; Sartori in
<bibRefCitation id="F3FDA2660951CB8A068DDF9C806ECD0A" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 99-104, figs 25-47; Al Hejoj et al. 2014: 366-367, fig 2A;
<bibRefCitation id="960222CD78993DADC7BB86D2BCB98F72" author="Bojkova, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="87 - 123" title="Initial commented checklist of the Iranian mayflies, with new area records and description of Procloeoncaspicum sp. n. (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)." url="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24104/" volume="749" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="2D8D15D39C9830E36BEC08FDF8533F41" originalValue="Bojková">Bojkova</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 95;
<bibRefCitation id="36AA496CEA5EFA800F5F3665B4D1C714" author="Ramadan, DM" journalOrPublisher="Zoology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="117 - 138" title="Diversity of aquatic and semi-aquatic insects in Wadi Al-Walah in Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2018.1464145" volume="28" year="2018">Ramadan and Katbeh-Bader 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 120, pl 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F600D51BAB54D0559DBFD4546ADF4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EEB16319F77F53242DA23B60BAD101C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E2BA194A4B2A5FAD3855F0E2BAAF593" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
This species (Figures 10, 11) was described in detail by
<bibRefCitation id="B394B86F28BDF0FF4851E3E3DAF43BAF" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. This is the only Israeli species that exhibits a combination of developed, blunt dorsal setae on the femora, a regular row of short spines on the distal margin of the abdominal terga, and body and gills that are not elongate. The colour pattern on the abdomen is usually clearly visible (Figure 4C), but a similar pattern may occasionally be seen in other species.
<taxonomicName id="19DD42D37C4C0C38A90AEE53116BAE15" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
populations in various parts of Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority exhibit a wide morphological diversity compared that in congeners, e.g. in size, colour pattern and size of spines on tergite distal margins.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F41627D8C21BAB7A47A985F767450D4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph id="5FAD0A8F4517D88C421DD6637FE592D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="A87E0403E93A8A69127DEB6AE85F9C39" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
, nymph. A labrum (left, ventral; right, dorsal) B right mandible C hypopharynx D left mandible E maxilla F labium. Reproduced with permission from
<bibRefCitation id="F08A87988C6D57AAF79B7369BBA0844A" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="92A57469DCFD4B83455B953B4A1FA191" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph id="62B3BB2818ABDE8CA349A8D869CD66F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="A32B27970987E4CC0A54ADF6DACCCA8E" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
, nymph. A foreleg B tarsal claw C abdominal tergum V, surface and distal margin D gill IV E paraproct plate. Reproduced with permission from
<bibRefCitation id="82AFA5D5033BADB206E103C520D79215" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80BB82F222F7AF84ACE6A138FD7C44C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="affinities">
<paragraph id="927B5A7228127E5C426D4CE38765D5E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Affinities.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F9EE41F32FCE953D1C8E84A7377FAE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="92C4FEAA366A2CC1BAE57FDDFE1797FB" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="BDFDD2E98E642FFD115E944D0A0C83F9" lsidName="B. buceratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="buceratus">B. buceratus</taxonomicName>
species group sensu
<bibRefCitation id="484403F25F2E4B55D32C332AF61B382C" author="Mueller-Liebenau, I" journalOrPublisher="Gewaesser und Abwaesser" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 214" title="Revision der europaeischen Arten der Gattung Baetis Leach, 1815 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)." volume="49" year="1969">
<normalizedToken id="EF49D315D4882B59C72B6BE01FCD16BE" originalValue="Müller-Liebenau">Mueller-Liebenau</normalizedToken>
(1969)
</bibRefCitation>
and exhibits 21 of the 22 characters of the group as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="12D3E4626BD61DDC29BD55A6C4B75115" author="Soldan, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 19" title="Baetiszdenkae sp. nov., a new representative of the Baetisbuceratus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Rhodos (Greece) with notes to species-grouping of the subgenusBaetis Leach, 1815 s. str." url="http://mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/5664" volume="1972" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="B235E90B8BC77C6BB9ABE187CF2EBE63" originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
and Godunko (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was discussed in detail and compared to related species by
<bibRefCitation id="F1C057750A3C9283384A806F750DBDF3" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F563ECD8EE1B8342688748AE0BBBCA7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="73EB3264B0DF67E963D5FB825DB0EFBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0B6BBF123FCCE7D29272565D113923" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="3035A0A4D0AA5810DC89E060A472823C" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis monnerati" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnerati">Baetis monnerati</taxonomicName>
is the most abundant and widespread
<taxonomicName id="BC45CB124756341EDDA60ADC2366CE46" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baetis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baetis</taxonomicName>
species in the Israeli fauna. It is common in the Golan Heights, Hula Valley, Upper and Lower Galilee, Jordan Valley, eastern Judean Mountains, and the Dead Sea area. Outside of Israel it is found in Jordan (
<bibRefCitation id="B55F8DE15F0C248FC67B3906F9266654" author="Gattolliat, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="91 - 110" title="First contribution to the mayflies of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648945" volume="56" year="2012">Gattolliat et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BED6F7D373199602101CE8A9EC1F1D9D" author="Alhejoj, I" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="361 - 370" title="Mayfly (Order Ephemeroptera): an effective indicator of water bodies conditions in Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.12983/ijsres-2014-p0361-0370" volume="2" year="2014">Alhejoj et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="38163C7F5ADC44CFB61FCB7931F0E310" author="Ramadan, DM" journalOrPublisher="Zoology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="117 - 138" title="Diversity of aquatic and semi-aquatic insects in Wadi Al-Walah in Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2018.1464145" volume="28" year="2018">Ramadan and Katbeh-Bader 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and Iran (
<bibRefCitation id="66FCBD67472A896F6DDB6C6E95AC24E6" author="Bojkova, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="87 - 123" title="Initial commented checklist of the Iranian mayflies, with new area records and description of Procloeoncaspicum sp. n. (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)." url="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24104/" volume="749" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="BBD88E00C2652FB8A309BBCBF5FD7ADA" originalValue="Bojková">Bojkova</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Suitable habitats for
<taxonomicName id="2E6C677864A78D70A14EE1293581113D" lsidName="B. monnerati" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="monnerati">B. monnerati</taxonomicName>
in Israel vary greatly and include brooks and streams of various sizes in temperate and semi-arid regions (Figure 2
<normalizedToken id="442146BA33C3975184FE15BD1438FD57" originalValue="AH">A-H</normalizedToken>
), usually with pristine water. It is rarely found in slightly disturbed habitats. It is usually found in large numbers and constitutes a major component of the macroinvertebrate community. Dense populations occur in habitats with pebbles and stones together with algae and submerged vegetation. In Israel, adults and mature nymphs were collected in winter and spring (
<normalizedToken id="781F8544737968FB9052C1B31A0D49AD" originalValue="JanuaryMay">January-May</normalizedToken>
), and were less abundant in fall (
<normalizedToken id="EC5CD3765F19EE67FFD6057CE2E499DF" originalValue="OctoberNovember">October-November</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BDD8DD445E61FF4B1C4C9CD7F7BE50" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="70B8574BB73F168403AA4D05D7AD7B82" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E3ADAC7F752E3A7CC1F25103D07022F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Holotype. JORDAN: 1N, Wadi
<normalizedToken id="8BC0DE20C1C3ED5AEE7619D1C8BE8425" originalValue="Weidaa">Weida'a</normalizedToken>
, 15.xii.2010, C. Monnerat. Other material. ISRAEL: 3N, Fit Spring, 31.v.2014, Z. Yanai; 4N, Zippori Stream (Ras Ali), 02.iii.2015, Z. Yanai; 9N, Qazabiyye Springs, 11.v.2015, Y. Hershkovitz &amp; T. Eshcoly; 86N, Meron Stream (Meron Spring), 12.v.2015, Y. Hershkovitz &amp; T. Eshcoly; 125N, Iyyon Stream (Qiryat Shemona), 12.v.2015, Y. Hershkovitz &amp; T. Eshcoly; 70N, Samakh Stream, 13.v.2015, Y. Hershkovitz &amp; T. Eshcoly; 25N, Jordan River (Ateret Fortress), 29.x.2015, Z. Yanai &amp; Y. Brenner; 97N, Senir Stream (Bet Hillel), 05.xi.2015, Z. Yanai &amp; S. Cohen; 20N (2N on slides), Zippori Stream (Zippori Springs), 07.xi.2015, Z. Yanai &amp; S. Cohen; 19N, Keziv Stream (Hardalit Spring), 07.xi.2015, Z. Yanai &amp; S. Cohen; 4N, Yehudiyya Stream, 27.iii.2016, Y. Hershkovitz; 11N, Iyyon Stream (Qiryat Shemona), 05.iv.2016, Z. Yanai; 66N, Iyyon Stream (nature reserve), 05.iv.2016, Z. Yanai; 340N (1N on slide), Arugot Stream, 09.v.2016, Z. Yanai; 31N, Enan Stream, 17.xi.2016, Z. Yanai &amp; L. Goren; 160N (1N on slide), Dawid Stream, 07.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 210N, Arugot Stream, 07.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 100N, Senir Stream (Bet Hillel), 09.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 130N, Senir Stream (nature reserve), 09.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 20N, Iyyon Stream (nature reserve), 05.iv.2016, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 8N, Tina Spring, 10.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 23N, Hula (nature reserve), 11.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 250N, Jordan River (Ateret Fortress), 11.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 34N, Jordan River (Ariq Bridge), 11.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 38N, Yehudiyya Stream, 11.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 80N, Daliyyot Stream, 11.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 4N, Rekhesh Stream (Rekhesh Spring), 04.v.2017, E. Elron. PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY: 23N (1N on slide), Perat Stream (nature reserve), 14.vi.2014, Z. Yanai; 1N (on slide), Perat Stream (nature reserve), 20.vi.2015, Z. Yanai; 9N, Perat Stream (nature reserve), 24.i.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; K. Tamar; 120N, Perat Stream (nature reserve), 08.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat; 8N, Pezael Springs, 08.iii.2017, Z. Yanai &amp; J.-L. Gattolliat.
</paragraph>
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