1039 lines
86 KiB
XML
1039 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f82c17ae-90c4-4601-a461-3e57d44cc1a8" ID-PMC="PMC8390791" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1040-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4E173EEF376958F697C1E444C0723A33" ID-PubMed="34512088" ID-ZooBank="4244D08FF6D847FCBB710F8187DC13ED" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1040-49" checkinTime="1622233223385" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kise, Hiroki, Obuchi, Masami & Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2021" docId="AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1040: 49-64" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1040" docPubDate="2021-05-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309" docTitle="Antipathozoanthus tubus Kise & Obuchi & Reimer 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="70CBDCBE-87C2-4A84-AF9D-D4841A082CEC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="4E173EEF376958F697C1E444C0723A33" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="4E173EEF376958F697C1E444C0723A33" masterDocTitle="A new Antipathozoanthus species (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia) from the northwest Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668150336900" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new Antipathozoanthus species (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia) from the northwest Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kise, Hiroki</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-6469</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan & Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1 - 1 - 1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 8567, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hkm11sea@yahoo.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Obuchi, Masami</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Endo Shell Museum of Manazuru, 1175 Manazuru, Manazuru, Kanagawa 259 - 0201, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-8804</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan & Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus. 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-05-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1040</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>49</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1040-49</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4244D08FF6D847FCBB710F8187DC13ED</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4E173EEF376958F697C1E444C0723A33</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="results">
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182408909" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:70CBDCBE-87C2-4A84-AF9D-D4841A082CEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/70CBDCBE-87C2-4A84-AF9D-D4841A082CEC" authority="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer, 2021" authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus" status="sp. nov.">Antipathozoanthus tubus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Images of external morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a colony on branched polychaete tubes in situ b close-up image of polyps in situ c colony on branched polychaete tubes in preserved condition d close-up image of closed polyp. Abbreviations: MT: marginal teeth, T: tube of polychaete. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, c), 5.0 mm (b), 0.5 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548325" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Image of internal morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a longitudinal section of polyp b closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle c, d cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5 th: 5 th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c), 0.1 mm (b, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cnidae in the tentacles, column, actinopharynx, and mesenterial filaments of holotype of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. Abbreviations: HL: holotrich large, HM: holotrich medium, B: basitrichs, BM: microbasic b - mastigophores, SBM: special microbasic b - mastigophores, PM: microbasic p - mastigophores, S: spriocysts." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548328" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-07-26" collectorName="M. Obuchi" country="Japan" elevation="14" latitude="35.16" location="Iwa Beach" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.14333" municipality="Sagami Bay" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NSMT-Co 1742, collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:FF31AD53DD729529A2F7A6934F300EB8" country="Japan" latitude="35.16" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.14333" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Iwa Beach" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Iwa Beach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="35.16">35°09'36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="139.14333">139°08'36"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) at a depth of
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="14.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName>M. Obuchi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-07-26">26 July 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
, divided in two pieces, one portion fixed in 99.5% EtOH and the other in 5-10% saltwater formalin
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-06-06" collectorName="M. Obuchi" country="Japan" elevation="14" latitude="35.146667" location="Kotogahama" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.15138" municipality="Sagami Bay" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NSMT-Co 1743, collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:4E43365F7133E0A75FBB06985A8EFE62" country="Japan" latitude="35.146667" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.15138" municipality="Sagami Bay" name="Kotogahama" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Kotogahama</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Sagami Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kanagawa">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="35.146667">35°08'48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="139.15138">139°09'05"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) at a depth of
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="14.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName>M. Obuchi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-06-06">6 June 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
, divided in two pieces, one portion fixed in 99.5% EtOH and the other in 70% EtOH
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548325" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Images of external morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: NSMT-Co 1742)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">a</emphasis>
|
||
colony on branched polychaete tubes in situ
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
close-up image of polyps in situ
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">c</emphasis>
|
||
colony on branched polychaete tubes in preserved condition
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">d</emphasis>
|
||
close-up image of closed polyp. Abbreviations: MT: marginal teeth, T: tube of polychaete. Scale bars:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">a, c</emphasis>
|
||
), 5.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">d</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Material examined for comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise, Fujii, Masucci, Biondi & Reimer" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus obscurus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-08-14" collectorName="J. D. Reimer" country="Japan" county="Okinawa-jima Island" location="Cape Bise" municipality="Motobu" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
NSMT-Co1602 (
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:89B47B1A3AEF3651D32C27A0C5A4DCE4" country="Japan" county="Okinawa-jima Island" municipality="Motobu" name="Cape Bise">Cape Bise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Motobu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Okinawa-jima Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName>J.D. Reimer</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-08-14">14 August 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-15" collectorName="J. D. Reimer" country="Palau" location="Blue Hole" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise, Fujii, Masucci, Biondi & Reimer" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
NSMT-Co1603 (
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:A4D54BADE8D8758F4402A5CDAC3E5C7C" country="Palau" name="Blue Hole">Blue Hole</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Palau">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName>J.D. Reimer</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2014-09-15">15 September 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-09-20" collectorName="J. D. Reimer" country="Japan" location="Sakurajima" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kagoshima" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise, Fujii, Masucci, Biondi & Reimer" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus cavernus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
NSMT-Co1604 (
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:989F20BD69C6ED03241F2298DAA30B44" country="Japan" name="Sakurajima" stateProvince="Kagoshima">Sakurajima</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName>J.D. Reimer</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-09-20">20 September 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-03-14" collectorName="A. Chiriboga" country="Ecuador" location="Roca Onan" municipality="Pinzon Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Galapagos" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reimer & Fujii" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus hickmani" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CMNH-ZG-05883 (
|
||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), collected from
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1D7441F7A25799A04496BA84C9D908:71A2754AC60D636D12AE769E4DB3C180" country="Ecuador" municipality="Pinzon Island" name="Roca Onan" stateProvince="Galapagos">Roca Onan</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Pinzon Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName>A. Chiriboga</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-03-14">14 March 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Iwa Beach, Sagami Bay, Kanagawa, Japan</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">External morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Colonial zoantharian, with cylindrical polyps connected by well-developed dark red colored coenenchyme (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Images of external morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a colony on branched polychaete tubes in situ b close-up image of polyps in situ c colony on branched polychaete tubes in preserved condition d close-up image of closed polyp. Abbreviations: MT: marginal teeth, T: tube of polychaete. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, c), 5.0 mm (b), 0.5 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548325" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). External branched tube of dead polychaete mostly covered by coenenchyme. Scapus of column dark red in situ, dark brown in preserved specimens. Capitulum of column orange in situ, dark violet in preserved specimens. Column and coenenchyme heavily encrusted with visible sand and silica particles in ectodermal tissue to outer mesoglea (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Images of external morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a colony on branched polychaete tubes in situ b close-up image of polyps in situ c colony on branched polychaete tubes in preserved condition d close-up image of closed polyp. Abbreviations: MT: marginal teeth, T: tube of polychaete. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, c), 5.0 mm (b), 0.5 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548325" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved, contracted polyps 2.0-6.0 mm in height, 1.0-3.0 mm in diameter. In situ, opened polyps approximately <8.0 mm in height, <10 mm in diameter. Oral disk 5.0-8.0 mm in diameter, orange to light orange in coloration. Number of oral furrows the same as the number of tentacles, and cream white circular protrusion in central oral disk bears slit-like mouth aligned with directives. Tentacles arranged in two rows (15-17 inner endocoelic tentacles and 15-17 outer exocoelic tentacles), as long as the expanded oral disk diameter. Number of tentacles 30-34, transparent in coloration. 15-17 marginal teeth present under inner endocoelic tentacles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Images of external morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a colony on branched polychaete tubes in situ b close-up image of polyps in situ c colony on branched polychaete tubes in preserved condition d close-up image of closed polyp. Abbreviations: MT: marginal teeth, T: tube of polychaete. Scale bars: 10 mm (a, c), 5.0 mm (b), 0.5 mm (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548325" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tips of tentacles usually cream in coloration. Capitular ridges indiscernible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Internal morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Azooxanthellete. Mesentery number 30-34, complete 15-17, incomplete 15-17. Mesenteries in macrocnemic arrangement (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Image of internal morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a longitudinal section of polyp b closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle c, d cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5 th: 5 th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c), 0.1 mm (b, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoglea thickness 0.01-0.10 mm, and thicker than ectoderm. Developed siphonoglyph distinct and U-shaped. Mesenterial filaments present (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Image of internal morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a longitudinal section of polyp b closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle c, d cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5 th: 5 th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c), 0.1 mm (b, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endodermal marginal muscle, short comb-like mesogleal pleats supporting the entire length of the marginal muscle (cteniform endodermal marginal muscle: Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Image of internal morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a longitudinal section of polyp b closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle c, d cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5 th: 5 th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c), 0.1 mm (b, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal canals of mesenteries absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Image of internal morphology of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742) a longitudinal section of polyp b closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle c, d cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5 th: 5 th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a, c), 0.1 mm (b, d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, possible gametes observed in several longitudinal sections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548326" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Image of internal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (holotype: NSMT-Co 1742)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">a</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section of polyp
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
closed-up image of cteniform endodermal marginal muscle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">c, d</emphasis>
|
||
cross-section of polyp. Abbreviations: A: actinopharynx, MF: mesenterial filament, CEMM: cteniform endodermal marginal muscle, DD: dorsal directives, VD: ventral directives, S: siphonoglyph, 5th: 5th mesentery from dorsal directives, M: mesoglea, CM: complete mesentery, IM: incomplete mesentery. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">a, c</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b, d</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cnidae</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Basitrichs and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, holotrichs, and spirocysts (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cnidae in the tentacles, column, actinopharynx, and mesenterial filaments of holotype of Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. Abbreviations: HL: holotrich large, HM: holotrich medium, B: basitrichs, BM: microbasic b - mastigophores, SBM: special microbasic b - mastigophores, PM: microbasic p - mastigophores, S: spriocysts." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548328" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Cnidae types and sizes observed in Antipathozoanthus tubus sp. nov. Frequency: relative abundance of cnidae type in decreasing order; numerous, common, occasional, rare (n = number of cnidae)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B7793F837405E981FE9ADD721B7C47E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="3B7793F837405E981FE9ADD721B7C47E">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="3B7793F837405E981FE9ADD721B7C47E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B7793F837405E981FE9ADD721B7C47E" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidae types and sizes observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Frequency: relative abundance of cnidae type in decreasing order; numerous, common, occasional, rare (n = number of cnidae).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Tissue</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type of cnidae</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Length</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Width</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Frequency</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">(min-max)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">(min-max)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
(Length
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
Width)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="4">Tentacles</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Spirocysts</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">8.0-19.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">1.0-4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Numerous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">325</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Bastrichs</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">7.0-16.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">1.0-4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Numerous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs medium</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">12.0-19.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">7.0-8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
17.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Occasional</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs large</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">20.0-22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">8.0-11.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
9.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Occasional</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Column</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Special microbasic b-mastigophores</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Rare</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="6">Actinopharynx</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Spirocysts</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">10.0-16.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">1.0-3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Occasional</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Bastrichs</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">11.0-15.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">2.0-3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Numerous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">37</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophores</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">8.0-15.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">2.0-3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Rare</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Microbasic p-mastigophores</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">9.0-11.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Rare</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs medium</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">16.0-19.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">5.0-8.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Rare</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs large</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">20.0-22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">8.0-10.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
9.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Occasional</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="4">Mesenterial filaments</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Microbasic b-mastigophores</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">10.0-14.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">2.0-3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Rare</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Microbasic p-mastigophores</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">8.0-16.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">2.0-4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Numerous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs medium</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">12.0-19.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">5.0-10.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
17.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
9.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Common</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Holotrichs large</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">20.0-25.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">10.0-12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">
|
||
21.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
10.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">Numerous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rowspan="1">36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548328" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidae in the tentacles, column, actinopharynx, and mesenterial filaments of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Abbreviations: HL: holotrich large, HM: holotrich medium, B: basitrichs, BM: microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, SBM: special microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, PM: microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, S: spriocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Northwestern Pacific Ocean: Sagami Bay, Kanagawa, Japan at depths <14 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="associated host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Associated host.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
We could not identify host polychaete species as there were no polychaetes in the tubes. However, the tubes that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. was attached to may belong to species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Eunicidae" genus="Eunice" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eunice" order="Corallimorpharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Eunice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as polychaete species that build parchment-like branched tubes have been reported from this genus (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.2.4" author="Diaz-Diaz, OF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="211 - 226" refId="B9" refString="Diaz-Diaz, OF, Rozbaczylo, N, Sellanes, J, Tapia-Guerra, JM, 2020. A new species of Eunice Cuvier, 1817 (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the slope of the Desventuradas Islands and seamounts of the Nazca Ridge, southeastern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4860 (2): 211 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.2.4" title="A new species of Eunice Cuvier, 1817 (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) from the slope of the Desventuradas Islands and seamounts of the Nazca Ridge, southeastern Pacific Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.2.4" volume="4860" year="2020">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz-Díaz">Diaz-Diaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="molecular phylogeny">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Molecular phylogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Both ML and BI phylogenetic analyses showed similar topologies as indicated in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood tree based on combined dataset of COI, mt 12 S-rDNA, mt 16 S-rDNA, 18 S-rDNA, ITS-rDNA, and 28 S-rDNA sequences. Number at nodes represent ML bootstrap values (> 50 % are shown). White circles on nodes indicate high support of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548329" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4</figureCitation>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared as a monophyletic clade located within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Delage & Herouard" authorityYear="1901" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Parazoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with strong nodal support (ML=100%, BI=1) and was close to a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Delage & Herouard" authorityYear="1901" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Parazoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade containing species associated with stalked hexactinellid sponges. Within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two subclades were formed; one subclade consisted of the antipatharian-associated species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. macaronesicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ML = 100%, BI = 0.97), and the other subclade consisted of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ML = 82%, BI = 0.92). Genetic distances in COI, 16S-rDNA, and ITS-rDNA sequences between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were 0.000 to 0.009, 0.002 to 0.010, and 0.010 to 0.128, respectively. As well,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species shared unique insertion/deletion patterns in 16S-rDNA sequences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.62309.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548329" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood tree based on combined dataset of COI, mt 12S-rDNA, mt 16S-rDNA, 18S-rDNA, ITS-rDNA, and 28S-rDNA sequences. Number at nodes represent ML bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). White circles on nodes indicate high support of Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.95).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. macaronesicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ocaña & Brito, 2003), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reimer & Fujii, 2010 by the number of tentacles as well as different coloration;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise, Fujii, Masucci, Biondi & Reimer" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus remengesaui" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. macaronesicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have up to 42 tentacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ocan ̃ a, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="159 - 189" refId="B27" refString="Ocaña, O, Brito, A, 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias 15: 159 - 189" title="A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species." volume="15" year="2003">Ocaña and Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B31" refString="Reimer, JD, Fujii, T, 2010. Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys 42: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" title="Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Gala ́ pagos Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" volume="42" year="2010">Reimer and Fujii 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has fewer tentacles (30-34). The dark red colored polyps and coenenchyme of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are not found in these other three
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with regards to polyp coloration (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has orange or light orange polyps:
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are phylogenetically close, their COI, 16S-rDNA, and ITS-rDNA sequences are all unique (genetic distances in COI, 16S-rDNA and ITS-rDNA sequences between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were 0.009, 0.03, and 0.12, respectively). As well, these two species can be separated by coloniality; polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are connected by a stolon forming a mesh network (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are connected by a well-developed coenenchyme. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. macaronesicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have holotrichs in their column (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ocan ̃ a, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="159 - 189" refId="B27" refString="Ocaña, O, Brito, A, 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias 15: 159 - 189" title="A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species." volume="15" year="2003">Ocaña and Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B31" refString="Reimer, JD, Fujii, T, 2010. Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys 42: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" title="Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Gala ́ pagos Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" volume="42" year="2010">Reimer and Fujii 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while holotrichs were not observed in the column of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a circumglobally distributed genus, as species have reported from the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ocan ̃ a, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="159 - 189" refId="B27" refString="Ocaña, O, Brito, A, 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias 15: 159 - 189" title="A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species." volume="15" year="2003">Ocaña and Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" author="Sinniger, F" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B41" refString="Sinniger, F, Reimer, JD, Pawlowski, J, 2010. The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity 40: 57 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" title="The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" volume="40" year="2010">Sinniger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B31" refString="Reimer, JD, Fujii, T, 2010. Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys 42: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" title="Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Gala ́ pagos Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" volume="42" year="2010">Reimer and Fujii 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" author="Bo, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="63 - 81" refId="B2" refString="Bo, M, Lavorato, A, DiCamillo, CG, Poliseno, A, Baquero, A, Bavestrello, G, Irei, Y, Reimer, JD, 2012. Black coral assemblages from Machalilla National Park (Ecuador). Pacific Science 66: 63 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" title="Black coral assemblages from Machalilla National Park (Ecuador)." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" volume="66" year="2012">Bo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214000025" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B35" refString="Reimer, JD, Uyeno, D, Berumen, ML., 2014. First records of Parazoanthidae and Microzoanthidae (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from the Red Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records 7: e7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214000025" title="First records of Parazoanthidae and Microzoanthidae (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from the Red Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records 7: e 7." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214000025" year="2014">Reimer et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with members living from shallow waters (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 3 m depth;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to mesophotic depths (153-169 m for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00305" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B36" refString="Reimer, JD, Kise, H, Santos, MEA, Lindsay, DJ, Pyle, RL, Copus, JM, Bowen, BW, Nonaka, M, Higashiji, T, Benayahu, Y, 2019. Exploring the biodiversity of understudied benthic taxa at mesophotic and deeper depths: examples from the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Frontiers in Marine Science 6: e305. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00305" title="Exploring the biodiversity of understudied benthic taxa at mesophotic and deeper depths: examples from the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Frontiers in Marine Science 6: e 305." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00305" year="2019">Reimer et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most distinctive attributes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. are its substrate and habitat.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ocana & Brito" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus macaronesicus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hickmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="hickmani">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. hickmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="remengesaui">A. remengesaui</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found on antipatharians within the families
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Myriopathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ocan ̃ a, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="159 - 189" refId="B27" refString="Ocaña, O, Brito, A, 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias 15: 159 - 189" title="A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species." volume="15" year="2003">Ocaña and Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B31" refString="Reimer, JD, Fujii, T, 2010. Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Galápagos Islands. ZooKeys 42: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" title="Four new species and one new genus of zoanthids (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Gala ́ pagos Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.42.378" volume="42" year="2010">Reimer and Fujii 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" author="Sinniger, F" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B41" refString="Sinniger, F, Reimer, JD, Pawlowski, J, 2010. The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity 40: 57 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" title="The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" volume="40" year="2010">Sinniger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" author="Bo, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="63 - 81" refId="B2" refString="Bo, M, Lavorato, A, DiCamillo, CG, Poliseno, A, Baquero, A, Bavestrello, G, Irei, Y, Reimer, JD, 2012. Black coral assemblages from Machalilla National Park (Ecuador). Pacific Science 66: 63 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" title="Black coral assemblages from Machalilla National Park (Ecuador)." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/66.1.4" volume="66" year="2012">Bo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is directly attached to coral reef carbonate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is the only species of the genus found to date on tubes of polychaetes. Four
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are known from low light environments;
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. macaronesicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="macaronesicus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. macaronesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. remengesaui" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="remengesaui">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. remengesaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cavernus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cavernus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. cavernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in cave entrances, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obscurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in crevasses and/or coral reef caves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ocan ̃ a, O" journalOrPublisher="Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="159 - 189" refId="B27" refString="Ocaña, O, Brito, A, 2003. A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species. Revista de La Academia Canaria de Ciencias 15: 159 - 189" title="A review of Gerardiidae (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the Macaronesian islands and the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species." volume="15" year="2003">Ocaña and Brito 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" author="Kise, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B20" refString="Kise, H, Fujii, T, Masucci, G, Biondi, P, Reimer, JD, 2017. Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia). ZooKeys 725: 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" title="Three new species and the molecular phylogeny of Antipathozoanthus from the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Zoantharia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.21006" volume="725" year="2017">Kise et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is not a low-light environment, but the specimens were instead found on a polychaete tube attached to exposed rock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Delage & Herouard" authorityYear="1901" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Parazoanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, until now,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1939" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Isozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isozoanthus altisulcatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Isozoanthus altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Carlgren, 1939 is the only species described as living on the tubes of polychaetes. However, several morphological differences exist between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. altisulcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I. altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Capitular ridges are developed and conspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. altisulcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I. altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they are indiscernible in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The marginal teeth on the capitulum found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. were not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. altisulcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I. altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of Iceland" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B5" refString="Carlgren, O, 1939. Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria. The Zoology of Iceland 2: 1 - 20" title="Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria." volume="2" year="1939">Carlgren (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not describe the numbers of tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. altisulcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I. altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the numbers of mesenteries are 34-42 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="The Zoology of Iceland" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B5" refString="Carlgren, O, 1939. Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria. The Zoology of Iceland 2: 1 - 20" title="Actiniaria, Zoantharia, and Madreporaria." volume="2" year="1939">Carlgren 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As numbers of tentacles are known to be equal to the number of mesenteries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bourne, GC" journalOrPublisher="Adam & Charles Black, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B3" refString="Bourne, GC, 1900. The Anthozoa. In: Lankester R (Ed.) A treatise on zoology. Part II. The Porifera and Coelentera. Adam & Charles Black, London" title="The Anthozoa. In: Lankester R (Ed.) A treatise on zoology. Part II. The Porifera and Coelentera." year="1900">Bourne 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the number of tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. altisulcatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="altisulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I. altisulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be 34-42, which is greater than the number of tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (30-34).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Genetic distances of COI sequence between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be considered as intra-generic differences based on previous comparisons of genetic distances (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" author="Sinniger, F" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B41" refString="Sinniger, F, Reimer, JD, Pawlowski, J, 2010. The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity 40: 57 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" title="The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-009-0034-3" volume="40" year="2010">Sinniger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As well,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. shared unique insertion/deletion patterns in 16S-rDNA sequences with other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Thus, we consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tubus" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A. tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. should belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinniger, Reimer & Pawlowski" authorityYear="2010" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and does not warrant the erection of a new parazoanthid genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kise & Obuchi & Reimer" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Antipathozoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathozoanthus tubus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Antipathozoanthus tubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is named from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">tuba</emphasis>
|
||
, as this species is found on polychaete tubes. The Japanese name is
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Iwa-tsuno-sunaginchaku’">'Iwa-tsuno-sunaginchaku'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |