290 lines
22 KiB
XML
290 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="A8F9A55CB0DD5AFC9EA6F9A5934EC237" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Boucekiidae new status" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1671601504499" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany & Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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||
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
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||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8F9A55CB0DD5AFC9EA6F9A5934EC237" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8F9A55CB0DD5AFC9EA6F9A5934EC237" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName LSID="A8F9A55C-B0DD-5AFC-9EA6-F9A5934EC237" authority="new status" authorityName="new status" family="Boucekiidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Boucekiidae new status</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2003" family="Boucekiidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Boucekiini">Boucekiini</taxonomicName>
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Gibson, 2003. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Boucekiidae" genus="Boucekius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boucekius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Boucekius</taxonomicName>
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Gibson, 2003.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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Antenna with 8 flagellomeres, including a single anellus and an undivided clava. Eyes ventrally divergent. Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden behind clypeus. Mandibles with ventral tooth and large dorsal truncation. Mesoscutellum with frenum set off by complete frenal groove, and with axillular sulcus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. 1 - 3 Boucekius sp. (Boucekiidae) 1 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum 2 hind femur 3 epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt 8) 4, 5 Spalangiopelta sp. (Ceidae) 4 clypeus, labrum and mandible 5 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin 6 Muesebeckisia mandibularis Hedqvist (Cerocephalidae): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1</figureCitation>
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). Mesopleural area without expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron not extending over anterior margin of metapleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal; metafemur with ventral lobe or subapical teeth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. 1 - 3 Boucekius sp. (Boucekiidae) 1 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum 2 hind femur 3 epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt 8) 4, 5 Spalangiopelta sp. (Ceidae) 4 clypeus, labrum and mandible 5 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin 6 Muesebeckisia mandibularis Hedqvist (Cerocephalidae): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">2</figureCitation>
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). Metasoma with epipygium (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–6" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. 1 - 3 Boucekius sp. (Boucekiidae) 1 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum 2 hind femur 3 epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt 8) 4, 5 Spalangiopelta sp. (Ceidae) 4 clypeus, labrum and mandible 5 metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin 6 Muesebeckisia mandibularis Hedqvist (Cerocephalidae): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3</figureCitation>
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), or with syntergum (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Chalcidiscelis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcidiscelis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chalcidiscelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781064" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 1–6" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 1-6.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1-3</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Boucekiidae" genus="Boucekius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boucekius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Boucekius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Boucekiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Boucekiidae</taxonomicName>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1</emphasis>
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metascutellum, axillula and propodeum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">2</emphasis>
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hind femur
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3</emphasis>
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epipygium (epg) and metasomal terga VIII (Mt8)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4, 5</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Spalangiopelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spalangiopelta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Spalangiopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Ceidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ceidae</taxonomicName>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4</emphasis>
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clypeus, labrum and mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5</emphasis>
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metascutellum, axillula and propodeum, arrow shows the propodeal spiracle far separated from the anterior propodeal margin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedqvist" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Ceidae" genus="Muesebeckisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muesebeckisia mandibularis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Muesebeckisia mandibularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hedqvist (
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<taxonomicName family="Cerocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerocephalidae</taxonomicName>
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): head and antenna in lateral view, arrow indicating intertorular prominence.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<bibRefCitation author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B22" refString="Gibson, GAP, 2003. Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: [v +] 339." title="Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: [v +] 339." year="2003">Gibson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName family="Boucekiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Boucekiidae</taxonomicName>
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as a new tribe, although it differed from many species in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cleonyminae">Cleonyminae</taxonomicName>
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(as then defined) in the frenum and potentially the labrum. In habitus boucekiids do resemble former
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cleonyminae">Cleonyminae</taxonomicName>
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and other large-bodied
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedqvist" authorityYear="1969" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
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that have metallic coloration. Out of former
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cleonyminae">Cleonyminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, those with an unambiguous frenal arm (= mesoscutellar arm) laterally are now classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Solenurinae">Solenurinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lyciscidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Lyciscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which differ most notably in having an incomplete frenal line and a flagellum with 2 or 3 clavomeres.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcedectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have either an indistinct frenal groove, a small frenum, or a strongly expanded marginal rim of the mesoscutellum that may resemble a frenum; however, both have a different clava from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Boucekiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Boucekiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with multiple clavomeres instead of an undivided clava and, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcedectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an apical spine in females.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chalcedectidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcedectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a syntergum that is not crossed by a transverse sulcus and otherwise does not have an epipygium.
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a long prepectus that is enlarged both laterally and ventrally. The elongate ovipositor and more or less elongate cerci in females may cause confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torymidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have multiple clavomeres and more than 8 flagellomeres. The narrow, essentially parallel-sided flagellomeres may invite confusion with the antenna in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ceidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ceidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Macromesidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Macromesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, members of both these taxa have multiple clavomeres and much narrower mandibles with no dorsal truncation, and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Macromesidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Macromesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack a frenum.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pelecinellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pelecinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more than 1 clavomere in nearly all cases, but
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with apparently 1 clavomere (some males) have more than one anelliform basal flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |