209 lines
21 KiB
XML
209 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AFF22A2852EBFC6B733526A2C2929EED">Review of Apantelessensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5CC7F813A4F5E7613B649E531D5EC397">Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81D88837BAB66E77935200B59C13AE0B">Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="151757ED1CB0C1F24D07AE56CDECD851">Rodriguez, Josephine J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84DB8AB50C501881B2246238A790EF1A">Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE2953B43C470992A4C5717327123F32">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FF74834BDE178A57D7583DD7CE6C3EF">Hallwachs, Winnie D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B821B2BA3649198260D45A339DE56AA">Hajibabaei, Mehrdad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="418D41B9D7685601F1A891F302217F27">Burns, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCB000ACA92D3B7AB18796994529650E">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38A363028DFD5AF486FE70A37AB9625E">Brown, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36869968977EB10DF25AC20264D9B6D9">Cardinal, Sophie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE2B42C11F13EF5C9ED0C02FD6D2DC7A">Goulet, Henri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C601DA5262F5EC86B643BC78123FCE7">Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1E3BA2E1EBB552D730D52134428007E1">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="28AE9CF3E0D9414414CB13D80B4B44D4">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="10CD55A3F32D3463059FF54F1D5855AF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B96008FF364FAE01C483F24A7DC8EABA">383</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FFBBC5EACC2A27D255BEEF8D8A0800FE">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="424478C9BFE940AEBDB313E2E780BC81">565</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B15030C2D3C8F703B85DB8EAF50268C0">
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<mods:url id="2AF7F2898783704E8703C9BA9E2926D2">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2D7A17DEAFB72B0051B2FF2A63B52168">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0CF74AFF68D0EE39253255D911910EA3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.383.6418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="09AFFAAACD687F3057CBF2A7A95614B8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-383-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A20F9233D98678312C18E5A8A607FBC" type="ZooBank">93106FE982C8493791E7339AEAD74BE5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A8F947A1CA86C99CE65A8365BEBF2703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8F947A1CA86C99CE65A8365BEBF2703" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8F947A1CA86C99CE65A8365BEBF2703" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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<subSubSection id="94DA160C5B3359DFA9836AAF3FFFC39C" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FDA9BE9CF14D5F6056E239E3CE157D08" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="7EF21A997AD363408255BD0F250EAE8B" ID-CoL="F7LP" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Apanteles_leucostigmus" authority="Ashmead, 1900" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus (Ashmead, 1900)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 188
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C666F1229811DCEF49E9289EA5ACA507" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FA0782B15D0D1AFFFF212348ABD0C207" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="8B734E70AFE80DF9D6C262662FCA3B7D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Urogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urogaster leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Urogaster leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1900: 289.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6E8F82973C51B11B7C0FFEF02852104F" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="C076D41BD4F942C7CF6CDA794D675D42" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
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(Ashmead). Transferred by
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<bibRefCitation id="7E9D5AFDCF3426DA98C6CA42A8C270AA" author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 253" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae." volume="22" year="1904">
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<normalizedToken id="09A375D2ED78958ECF083421923F7094" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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(1904
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 110).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A1B85B69C98B2F01E028F5AA7BCD72B5" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicName id="F14BD8AA824CF62EE18FE4E9C002EF47" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
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(Ashmead). Misidentification of the species by
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<bibRefCitation id="24F70EF6A2FF3C1ED0E9FD25C6C4CE68" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="12359 - 12364" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology and collections." url="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28723108A5E06DF1E34D66D7BDAA8849" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="973906923A3EC8DB52629B871C3DA1DC" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4F34882CCD7C3E24F0317DB402EBEFF" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">ST. VINCENT, Lesser Antilles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E78CD81A1922ADB8180DEEF7BCFBD73C" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="38002DDDE897ABA1AA643C3A240C5A1D" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1EDA9D5064DF8673BF34B0424A415013" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">♀, BMNH (examined).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C16B4A90A1FCF2A50D58B64E4FF5C4F4" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="84ADEEB8456D407B0300EEF3F0770909" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AE8C8216F38A1386C87FD1DDDF495B1" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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1 ♀, United States: Florida, Belle Glade; v.1941; D. J. Taylor coll.; ex:
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<taxonomicName id="F0FA537149F56E73BD7EE26F2ED6A29D" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urbanus proteus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proteus">Urbanus proteus</taxonomicName>
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(CNC); 3 ♀, St Vincent Is. (CNC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="105FAA7EE6C22072F0E867F0219BB894" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CAEBA60C4A36E0A635AD500EBC15CEDD" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45321F54CF3FE530DC424EF40B2DC029" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
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Female. Body color: body mostly dark except for some sternites which may be pale. Antenna color: scape, pedicel, and flagellum dark (?). Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): dark, dark, dark. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): pale, dark, dark. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): pale, pale, anteriorly pale/posteriorly dark. Tegula and humeral complex color: both pale. Pterostigma color: mostly pale and/or transparent, with thin dark borders. Fore wing veins color: mostly white or entirely transparent. Antenna length/body length: antenna about as long as body (head to apex of metasoma); if slightly shorter, at least extending beyond anterior 0.7 metasoma length (?). Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened
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<normalizedToken id="BD0642B4E9BEB0203D5813F8BB890205" originalValue="dorso–ventrally">dorso-ventrally</normalizedToken>
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. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.1-2.2 mm. Fore wing length: 2.3-2.4 mm.
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<normalizedToken id="F2B12DAED7288C352DD0EF4D5A2C5B67" originalValue="Ocular–ocellar">Ocular-ocellar</normalizedToken>
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line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.3-2.5. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0-2.2. Tarsal claws: simple (?). Metafemur length/width: 2.8-2.9. Anteromesoscutum: mostly with deep, dense punctures (separated by less than 2.0
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<normalizedToken id="0ED77404A76E80B89874CBDC92A145CD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its maximum diameter). Mesoscutellar disc: mostly smooth. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 9 or 10. Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum: 0.8 or more. Propodeum areola: completely defined by carinae, including transverse carina extending to spiracle. Propodeum background sculpture: partly sculptured, especially on anterior 0.5. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 1.7-1.9. Mediotergite 1 shape: slightly widening from anterior margin to 0.7-0.8 mediotergite length (where maximum width is reached), then narrowing towards posterior margin. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: with some sculpture near lateral margins and/or posterior 0.2-0.4 of mediotergite. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 4.0-4.3. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: mostly smooth. Outer margin of hypopygium:
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<pageBreakToken id="34ABEE6B44F502833A830635080D2422" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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a wide, medially folded, transparent,
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<normalizedToken id="204F6863FB32E3146B969A55371E32BF" originalValue="semi–desclerotized">semi-desclerotized</normalizedToken>
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area; usually with 4 or more pleats (?). Ovipositor thickness: anterior width 3.0-5.0
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<normalizedToken id="91836EF61148F53F2F3873E5B2587E26" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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posterior width (beyond ovipositor constriction) (?). Ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length: 0.6-0.7. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.7-1.9. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 1.1-1.3. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 0.7-0.8. Pterostigma length/width: 3.1-3.5. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: about half way point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: clearly inwards, inclined towards fore wing base. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6684826F6C6920127ABF80CD67C7DA84" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph id="E42D3098BB607D178AFCEC71DA68D4CB" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A8C970E8900F270A16F8D357E89EB7B" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">No molecular data available for this species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28F8B09F097E9E870B22288D8E48CBF3" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="biology/ecology">
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<paragraph id="7CD57640BDADA85939D764948AC24BDE" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Biology/ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EF12B693B9606894616D8B36AF4AF2E" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">
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Gregarious. Hosts:
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<taxonomicName id="B78EB23F74EF778B5A78CC98931AADB3" family="Hesperiidae" lsidName="" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0E248496E09A17E1BD1CE27F997E4542" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Urbanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Urbanus proteus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proteus">Urbanus proteus</taxonomicName>
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(of specimens identified as this species in United States, FL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C9D32EC72C05436C6C5A29D31DBAA570" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F78E69565990AED583A2571E3771C1E3" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAF62E7270D8E604DD961E5341785834" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Cuba, Grenada, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, United States (FL). There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG or Costa Rica.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4EE8684325FF9CAFA84FEC6606787669" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="7AC815121CE47DFAE0E07D3B93FFCF00" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E171FE3DAD536830EB070AEE390A678E" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">
|
||
The holotype is missing the antennae, one forewing and some legs - but it is possible to see a full set of legs, except for the sole hind leg remaining where some tarsal segments are missing. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EE75F0A4D23418ABA12136074FC6EF4" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was applied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E9B61842054ED30E3FFAF12CDC134826" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="12359 - 12364" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology and collections." url="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to a complex of around 40 species reared from hesperiids in ACG. At that time it was thought that one of those species might correspond to the actual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD054DAA96F7568117B2C4DF36451687" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After examining the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="505F8A48356CA46C9FAA6B8E5D9D58D9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is clear, however, that none of the ACG species correspond to it. However, all are related and belong to the same species-group. Thus, the name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D230C885FA142F38F9837FBAA1045FC0" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as used as the base for an interim name in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19F5FB1977533857A3FAA190B07EACDC" author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="12359 - 12364" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology and collections." url="10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, should be considered as a misidentification, as well as was the case when applied to members of this group before it was realized that it is a speciose group composed of morphologically similar species. We examined a specimen from Peru, deposited in the CNC and labelled as "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E721F3D00F68EC8CA407837257E28773" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles leucostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucostigmus">Apanteles leucostigmus</taxonomicName>
|
||
", and believe is not that species either, but just another member of the leucostigmus group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |