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<mods:title id="6CD9D43B32AB33BBBA01F256350AAA6E">A revised infrageneric classification for Gagea Salisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27C80D6E1970A1A236F5D9B8AAE09010">Zarrei, Mehdi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C319437F971C7730BF633A52FA8B9E57">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW 9 3 DS, UK. &amp; Current address: Green Plant Herbarium (TRT), Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada (* e-mail for correspondence: m. zarrei @ utoronto. ca).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BED81CC39844AF1450BA3045CD3F2992">Wilkin, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80F6055DE07EFB776C4573FF86D0AEBB">Ingrouille, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="172575A2B19F21B2BE8CA42C499BCE38">School of Biological and Chemical Science, Birkbeck College, University of London, Mallet Street, WC 1 E 7 HX, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B80E5D71D081B64155B70F889BB3CA05">Chase, And Mark W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="96D2533D8BDC8D91BB1B342E600E86C3">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="755885A84C606164AA3E007C065FB3B3">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A81987DCB85AFFA9FF6206B1CDAFFC78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4907046" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182598020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4907046" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A81987DCB85AFFA9FF6206B1CDAFFC78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81987DCB85AFFA9FF6206B1CDAFFC78" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="68AA6541B85AFFA9FF6206B1CFE2FD81" box="[151,703,498,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="200F36CAB85AFFA9FF6206B1CFE2FD81" blockId="3.[151,703,498,527]" box="[151,703,498,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="7B4781A6B85AFFA9FF6206B1CFE2FD81" bold="true" box="[151,703,498,527]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FF6206B1CFE2FD81" authority="(Turcz.) Pascher" box="[151,703,498,527]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Plecostigma">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FF6206B1CFE2FD81" bold="true" box="[151,703,498,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FF6206B1CDB1FD80" bold="true" box="[151,236,498,526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Gagea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FEC206B1CC8AFD80" bold="true" box="[311,471,498,526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Plecostigma</emphasis>
(Turcz.) Pascher
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="68AA6541B85AFFA9FF62057DCDAFFC78" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="200F36CAB85AFFA9FF62057DCCD6FCE9" blockId="3.[151,1436,574,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
Both
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FF23057DCC22FDD6" author="Pascher, A." box="[214,383,574,600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="109 - 131" refId="ref10037" refString="Pascher, A. (1904) Ubersicht uber die Arten der Gattung Gagea. Sitzungberichte des Deutschen naturwissenschaflichmedicischen Vereins fur Bohmen ' Lotos' 24: 109 - 131." type="journal article" year="1904">Pascher (1904</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FE7E057DCC9AFDD6" author="Pascher, A." box="[395,455,574,600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="353 - 375" refId="ref10067" refString="Pascher, A. (1907) Conspectus Gagearum Asiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 19: 353 - 375." type="journal article" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FDF2057DCF95FDD6" author="Levichev, IG" box="[519,712,574,600]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="917 - 951" refId="ref9667" refString="Levichev, IG. (2006) A review of the Gagea (Liliaceae) species in the flora of Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 91: 917 - 951." type="journal article" year="2006">Levichev (2006)</bibRefCitation>
accepted
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FCC9057CC900FDD6" box="[828,1117,574,600]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Plecostigma">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FCC9057CCED7FDD6" box="[828,906,575,600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Gagea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FC39057CC900FDD6" box="[972,1117,575,600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Plecostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the species they included in this section were different. For example,
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FCFA0526C9EDFDF1" authority="Terracciano (1904: 3)" authorityName="Terracciano" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1904" box="[783,1200,613,639]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afghanica">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FCFA0526CEFAFDF0" box="[783,935,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G. afghanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FC5A0526C9EDFDF1" author="Terracciano, A." box="[943,1200,613,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref10952" refString="Terracciano, A. (1904) Gagearum novarum diagnoses. Bollettino del Royal Orte Botanico, Palermo 2: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">Terracciano (1904: 3)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FB190526CC7CFD28" authority="Regel (1875: 292)" authorityName="Regel" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1875" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="olgae">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FB190526C813FDF0" box="[1260,1358,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G. olgae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FAA20526CC7CFD28" author="Regel, E. U." pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="289 - 297" refId="ref10531" refString="Regel, E. U. (1875) Descriptiones plantarum novarum in regionibus Turkestanicus crescentium. Trudy Imperatorskago S. - Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani 3: 289 - 297." type="journal article" year="1875">Regel (1875: 292)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were placed under
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FDFE05CFCF78FD2B" box="[523,549,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FD9C05CFCE4FFD2B" box="[617,786,652,677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Platyspermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FD9C05CFCE4FFD2B" box="[617,786,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Platyspermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FCB405CFCEAEFD28" author="Pascher, A." box="[833,1011,652,678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="353 - 375" refId="ref10067" refString="Pascher, A. (1907) Conspectus Gagearum Asiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 19: 353 - 375." type="journal article" year="1907">Pascher (1907)</bibRefCitation>
and subsequently by
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FB0005CFC8D1FD28" author="Uphof, J. C." box="[1269,1420,652,678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="163 - 176" refId="ref10976" refString="Uphof, J. C. (1958 - 1960) A review of the genus Gagea Salisb. I-III. Plantlife 14: 124 - 132, 151 - 161; 15: 163 - 176." type="journal article" year="1958">Uphof (1958</bibRefCitation>
1960), whereas
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FEA705F1CF48FD42" author="Levichev, IG" box="[338,533,690,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="917 - 951" refId="ref9667" refString="Levichev, IG. (2006) A review of the Gagea (Liliaceae) species in the flora of Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 91: 917 - 951." type="journal article" year="2006">Levichev (2006)</bibRefCitation>
believed these three species should be classified under
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FB5305F1C9E2FD45" box="[1190,1215,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FAF105F1C8C9FD45" box="[1284,1428,690,715]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Plecostigma">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FAF105F1C8C9FD45" box="[1284,1428,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Plecostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Molecular analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FE51059ACFD4FD7D" author="Zarrei, M. &amp; Wilkin, P. &amp; Fay, M. F. &amp; Ingrouille, M. J. &amp; Zarre, S. &amp; Chase, M. W." box="[420,649,729,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref11349" refString="Zarrei, M., Wilkin, P., Fay, M. F., Ingrouille, M. J., Zarre, S. &amp; Chase, M. W. (2009) Molecular systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae; Liliales): implications of analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid sequences for infrageneric classification. Annals of Botany 104: 125 - 142." type="journal article" year="2009">
Zarrei
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FE00059ACF6FFD7C" box="[501,562,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FD30059ACE95FD7D" author="Peterson, A. &amp; Levichev, I. G. &amp; Peterson, J." box="[709,968,729,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="446 - 465" refId="ref10393" refString="Peterson, A., Levichev, I. G. &amp; Peterson, J. (2008) Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 446 - 465." type="journal article" year="2008">
Peterson
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FCC1059ACE2CFD7C" box="[820,881,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
confirmed Levichev's treatment of the section. Moreover, based on molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FD530443CE28FC94" author="Zarrei, M. &amp; Wilkin, P. &amp; Fay, M. F. &amp; Ingrouille, M. J. &amp; Zarre, S. &amp; Chase, M. W." box="[678,885,768,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref11349" refString="Zarrei, M., Wilkin, P., Fay, M. F., Ingrouille, M. J., Zarre, S. &amp; Chase, M. W. (2009) Molecular systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae; Liliales): implications of analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid sequences for infrageneric classification. Annals of Botany 104: 125 - 142." type="journal article" year="2009">
Zarrei
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FD020443CE6FFC97" box="[759,818,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FC700443C86FFC94" authority="Rechinger (1986: 291)" authorityName="Rechinger" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1986" box="[901,1330,768,794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wendelboi">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FC700443C940FC97" box="[901,1053,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G. wendelboi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FBD00443C86FFC94" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[1061,1330,768,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="287 - 292" refId="ref10460" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1986) Six new species of Gagea (Liliaceae) from Flora Iranica area. Plant Sysematics and Evolution 153: 287 - 292." type="journal article" year="1986">Rechinger (1986: 291)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FACB0443CCF6FCCE" authority="Vvedensky (1946: 236)" authorityName="Vvedensky" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1946" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FACB0443C8C1FC97" box="[1342,1436,768,793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G. exilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FF620465CCF6FCCE" author="Vvedensky, A. I." box="[151,427,806,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="233 - 247" refId="ref11056" refString="Vvedensky, A. I. (1946) Liliaceae Tadshikistanicae Novae. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk S S S R. Leningrad. Leningrad [St. Petersburg]. 9: 233 - 247." type="journal article" year="1946">Vvedensky (1946: 236)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FE160464C9DDFCCE" authority="(M. Bieb.) Schultes &amp; Schultes (1829: 551)" authorityName="Schultes &amp; Schultes" authorityPageNumber="551" authorityYear="1829" baseAuthorityName="M. Bieb." box="[483,1152,806,832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorantha">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FE160464CFDEFCCE" box="[483,643,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G. chlorantha</emphasis>
(M.Bieb.)
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FCF00465C9DDFCCE" author="Schultes, A. &amp; Schultes, H." box="[773,1152,806,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="536 - 554" refId="ref10771" refString="Schultes, A. &amp; Schultes, H. (1829) Gagea. Systema Vegetabilium 7: 536 - 554." type="journal article" year="1829">Schultes &amp; Schultes (1829: 551)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
should be transferred to
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FF62040ECDEDFCE8" box="[151,176,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">G.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="E7B04D49B85AFFA9FF06040ECCDEFCE8" box="[243,387,845,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Gagea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Plecostigma">
<emphasis id="12C4EAD8B85AFFA9FF06040ECCDEFCE8" box="[243,387,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Plecostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="200F36CAB85AFFA9FF330437CDAFFC78" blockId="3.[151,1436,574,1014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
Palynomorphological data also support Levichev's treatment of the section because all members of the section have a foveolate or perforate pollen
<typeStatus id="FF0B8868B85AFFA9FD5804D5CFBDFC3E" box="[685,736,918,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
and similar basal leaf transverse sections (
<bibRefCitation id="44214B3BB85AFFA9FB1204D5CD87FC5D" author="Zarrei, M. &amp; Zarre, S." pageId="3" pageNumber="47" pagination="96 - 108" refId="ref11268" refString="Zarrei, M. &amp; Zarre, S. (2005) Pollen morphology of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Iran. Flora 200: 96 - 108." type="journal article" year="2005">Zarrei &amp; Zarre 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The possession of a cymose inflorescence and fibrous-papery tunic are synapomorphies for this section.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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