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<mods:title id="11DCBD8FC5B68DA96A327D34053544CB">How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF97FFD8FF61F8A990C9F889" blockId="8.[188,758,1811,1833]" box="[188,758,1811,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">
<heading id="723E6D5DFF97FFD8FF61F8A990C9F889" box="[188,758,1811,1833]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" reason="8">
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF97FFD8FF61F8A99319F887" box="[188,294,1811,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
OF 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF97FFD8FE8EF8A990A7F887" ID-CoL="9D2DQ" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[339,664,1811,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FE8EF8A990A7F887" box="[339,664,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">HIPPOSIDEROS COMMERSONI</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F2C6B4FF97FFD8FD74F8A990D2F889" box="[681,749,1811,1833]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[166,245,1365,1384]" captionTargetBox="[389,1221,193,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-165@14.[389,1221,193,1335]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Different views of skull and mandible of neotype of Hipposideros commersoni (FMNH 175972, female) from Province de Fianarantsoa, Parc National de l’Isalo, along Sahanafa River. Dorsal view of cranium (upper row, left), ventral view of cranium (upper row, right), and lateral view of cranium and mandible (lower row). (Photographs taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z95239_007d.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364301/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">FIG. 6</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF97FFD8FF7BF8839651F986" blockId="8.[166,781,1849,1902]" lastBlockId="8.[828,1444,1247,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">
As mentioned earlier, a 
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was not designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF97FFD8FF17F8E29024F8CE" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E" box="[202,539,1880,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" pagination="254 - 266" refId="ref13777" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E. 1813. Sur un genre des chauvessouris, sous le nom de Rhinolophes. Annales du Musee d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 20: 254 - 266." type="journal article" year="1813">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1813)</bibRefCitation>
in his description of 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FCE1FB659171FB54" box="[828,846,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">R</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF97FFD8FC81FB659627FB54" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[860,1048,1247,1268]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni" subGenus="H.">
(
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FCB9FB659146FB54" box="[868,889,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">H</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FC4CFB659627FB54" box="[913,1048,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">commersoni</emphasis>
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, which was based on illustrations and different notes made by Philibert Commerson. Following the rules of The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature we designate a 
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF97FFD8FAD6FA81975CFAF0" box="[1291,1379,1339,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
here. The collections of the MNHN (Paris), where a potential type would have been deposited by Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire was searched to no avail for a specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF97FFD8FCE1FA0F9180FA6B" box="[828,959,1461,1483]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
that pre-dates the description of this species. Hence, we have chosen a specimen that was measured and sequenced in the context of this study as the 
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF97FFD8FCE1F9AB91AAF986" box="[828,917,1553,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF97FFD8FC60F9AB9659F986" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[957,1126,1553,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FC60F9AB9659F986" box="[957,1126,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF97FFD8FCE1F9DE918CF9D8" box="[828,947,1635,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF97FFD8FCE1F9DE91AAF9D9" box="[828,917,1636,1657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
of
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF97FFD8FC67F9D996DEF9D9" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[954,1249,1635,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">Hipposideros commersoni</taxonomicName>
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<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF97FFD9FCE1F93893EAFB30" accessionNumber="SMG 13401" collectingDate="2002-12-09" collectionCode="SMG" collectorName="S. M. Goodman" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" specimenCode="FMNH 175972, PM4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
Adult female, 
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF97FFD8FC39F93896ABF937" box="[996,1172,1665,1687]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" type="Museum">FMNH 175972</specimenCode>
, collected 
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<collectingDate id="4D330519FF97FFD8FAD2F9389741F938" box="[1295,1406,1666,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436" value="2002-12-09">9.xii.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
by 
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(field number 
<collectionCode id="4FD842F4FF97FFD8FB49F91A96F1F915" box="[1172,1230,1696,1717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="436">SMG</collectionCode>
13401). The specimen was conserved in 12% formaldehyde and subsequently transferred to 70% ethanol. Before preservation, the skull was removed via small incisions on both sides of the mouth, conserved in 60% ethanol, and then cleaned by dermestid beetles. The skull is in excellent condition. Samples of pectoral muscle C–M 
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, complete cranial toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of canine to posterior alveolar border of third molar; PM 
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–M 
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, complete molariform toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of second premolar (
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF96FFD9FB73FC5096E5FC53" box="[1198,1242,999,1021]" collectionCode="PM" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
PM 
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</specimenCode>
) to posterior alveolar border of third molar; C 
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–C 
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, width across upper canines, taken across the outer alveolar borders of the canines; M 
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–M 
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, width across third molars, taken across the outer alveolar borders of the third molars; i 
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–m 
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, mesiodistal length of complete mandibular toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of incisors to posterior alveolar border of third molar; c–m 
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, complete canine–molar mandibular toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of canine to posterior alveolar border of third molar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53FF7F9329FE90" blockId="9.[142,1420,197,304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53FF7F92D8FF78" bold="true" box="[142,231,197,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Table 4.</emphasis>
Dental measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FB5FFF7F97B4FF78" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1154,1419,197,216]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FB5FFF7F97B4FF78" box="[1154,1419,197,216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
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based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FCB8FF58972AFF56" bold="true" box="[869,1301,226,246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FCB8FF589689FF55" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[869,1206,226,245]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FCB8FF589689FF55" bold="true" box="[869,1206,226,245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF96FFD9FB63FF59972AFF56" box="[1214,1301,227,246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and clades B and C to 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FEDAFEBB939DFEB2" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[263,418,256,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FEDAFEBB939DFEB2" box="[263,418,256,275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements and number of specimens
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FE47FEED976AFC06" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
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<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FEE99033FECB" box="[410,524,339,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">C–M3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFEE99088FECB" box="[594,695,339,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">P4–M3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FEE9915CFECB" box="[765,867,339,363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">C1–C1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FEE99624FECB" box="[937,1051,339,363]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">M3–M3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFEE996ECFECB" box="[1121,1235,339,363]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">i1–m3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FEE997B4FECB" box="[1305,1419,339,363]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">c–m3</th>
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<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FE2B97B4FE04" box="[142,1419,401,420]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FE2B97B4FE04" box="[142,1419,401,420]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53FE2B93FFFE04" bold="true" box="[142,448,401,420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FF53FE2B935EFE04" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[142,353,401,420]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53FE2B935EFE04" bold="true" box="[142,353,401,420]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF96FFD9FEB5FE2B93FFFE04" box="[360,448,401,420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FE1497B4FE61" box="[142,1419,430,449]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FE14936BFE61" box="[142,340,430,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Clade A</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FE7197B4FE7E" box="[142,1419,459,478]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FE71936BFE7E" box="[142,340,459,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Holotype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FE5297B4FE5C" box="[142,1419,488,508]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FE52936BFE5C" box="[142,340,488,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">FMNH 175970 (♀)</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FE529033FE5C" box="[410,524,488,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.6</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFE529088FE5C" box="[594,695,488,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.3</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FE52915CFE5C" box="[765,867,488,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.2</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FE529624FE5C" box="[937,1051,488,508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.0</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFE5296ECFE5C" box="[1121,1235,488,508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FE5297B4FE5C" box="[1305,1419,488,508]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FDBC97B4FDB9" box="[142,1419,518,537]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FDBC936BFDB9" box="[142,340,518,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Paratype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD9897B4FD97" box="[142,1419,546,567]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FD98936BFD97" box="[142,340,546,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">FMNH 184173 (♀)</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD989033FD97" box="[410,524,546,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.3</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD989088FD97" box="[594,695,546,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.4</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD98915CFD97" box="[765,867,546,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">6.6</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD989624FD97" box="[937,1051,546,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.7</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD9896ECFD97" box="[1121,1235,546,567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.6</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD9897B4FD97" box="[1305,1419,546,567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FDEB97B4FDC3" box="[142,1419,593,611]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FDEB97B4FDC3" box="[142,1419,593,611]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FF53FDEB9316FDC3" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[142,297,593,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53FDEB9316FDC3" box="[142,297,593,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FDD497B4FD21" box="[142,1419,622,641]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FDD4936BFD21" box="[142,340,622,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Neotype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD3097B4FD3E" box="[142,1419,650,670]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FD30936BFD3E" box="[142,340,650,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">FMNH 175972 (♀)</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD309033FD3E" box="[410,524,650,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.6</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD309088FD3E" box="[594,695,650,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.3</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD30915CFD3E" box="[765,867,650,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.1</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD309624FD3E" box="[937,1051,650,670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.0</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD3096ECFD3E" box="[1121,1235,650,670]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD3097B4FD3E" box="[1305,1419,650,670]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD1297B4FD1C" box="[142,1419,680,700]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FD12936BFD1C" box="[142,340,680,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Clade B</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD129033FD1C" box="[410,524,680,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.7 ± 0.64</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD129088FD1C" box="[594,695,680,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.9 ± 0.38</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD12915CFD1C" box="[765,867,680,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">8.3 ± 0.44</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD129624FD1C" box="[937,1051,680,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.9 ± 0.43</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD1296ECFD1C" box="[1121,1235,680,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">13.3 ± 0.65</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD1297B4FD1C" box="[1305,1419,680,700]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">12.2 ± 0.63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD7F97B4FD79" box="[142,1419,709,729]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FD7F936BFD79" box="[142,340,709,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">♂♂</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD7F9033FD79" box="[410,524,709,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.7–12.8,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD7F9088FD79" box="[594,695,709,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.2–8.8,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD7F915CFD79" box="[765,867,709,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.5–9.1,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD7F9624FD79" box="[937,1051,709,729]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.1–12.0,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD7F96ECFD79" box="[1121,1235,709,729]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.9–14.5,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD7F97B4FD79" box="[1305,1419,709,729]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.0–13.6,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD5997B4FD56" box="[142,1419,739,758]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD599033FD56" box="[410,524,739,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FE47FD599393FD55" box="[410,428,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD599088FD56" box="[594,695,739,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD8FFD59905BFD55" box="[594,612,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD59915CFD56" box="[765,867,739,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD20FD599130FD55" box="[765,783,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD599624FD56" box="[937,1051,739,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FC74FD599184FD55" box="[937,955,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD5996ECFD56" box="[1121,1235,739,758]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FBBCFD59964CFD55" box="[1121,1139,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD5997B4FD56" box="[1305,1419,739,758]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FAC4FD599714FD55" box="[1305,1323,739,757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 34
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FD4597B4FCB3" box="[142,1419,767,787]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FD45936BFCB3" box="[142,340,767,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">♀♀</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FD459033FCB3" box="[410,524,767,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.0 ± 0.52</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFD459088FCB3" box="[594,695,767,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.5 ± 0.37</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FD45915CFCB3" box="[765,867,767,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.5 ± 0.47</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FD459624FCB3" box="[937,1051,767,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.3 ± 0.49</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFD4596ECFCB3" box="[1121,1235,767,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">12.4 ± 0.61</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FD4597B4FCB3" box="[1305,1419,767,787]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.3 ± 0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FCA797B4FC90" box="[142,1419,797,816]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FCA79033FC90" box="[410,524,797,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.2–11.8,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFCA79088FC90" box="[594,695,797,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">6.7–8.4,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FCA7915CFC90" box="[765,867,797,816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">6.5–8.7,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FCA79624FC90" box="[937,1051,797,816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">9.2–11.9,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFCA796ECFC90" box="[1121,1235,797,816]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.1–13.7,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FCA797B4FC90" box="[1305,1419,797,816]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.2–12.4,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FC8197B4FCEE" box="[142,1419,827,846]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FC819033FCEE" box="[410,524,827,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FE47FC819393FCED" box="[410,428,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 79
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFC819088FCEE" box="[594,695,827,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD8FFC81905BFCED" box="[594,612,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 78
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FC81915CFCEE" box="[765,867,827,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD20FC819130FCED" box="[765,783,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 79
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FC819624FCEE" box="[937,1051,827,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FC74FC819184FCED" box="[937,955,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 78
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFC8196ECFCEE" box="[1121,1235,827,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FBBCFC81964CFCED" box="[1121,1139,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 78
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FC8197B4FCEE" box="[1305,1419,827,846]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FAC4FC819714FCED" box="[1305,1323,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 78
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FCE297B4FCCB" box="[142,1419,856,875]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FCE2936BFCCB" box="[142,340,856,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Clade C</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FCE29033FCCB" box="[410,524,856,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.5 ± 0.25</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFCE29088FCCB" box="[594,695,856,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.9 ± 0.17</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FCE2915CFCCB" box="[765,867,856,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">8.1 ± 0.52</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FCE29624FCCB" box="[937,1051,856,875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.8 ± 0.23</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFCE296ECFCCB" box="[1121,1235,856,875]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">13.0 ± 0.28</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FCE297B4FCCB" box="[1305,1419,856,875]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.8 ± 0.30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FCCE97B4FC28" box="[142,1419,884,904]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<th id="D428B10FFF96002FFF53FCCE936BFC28" box="[142,340,884,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">♀♀</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FCCE9033FC28" box="[410,524,884,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.0–10.8,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFCCE9088FC28" box="[594,695,884,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.6–8.2,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FCCE915CFC28" box="[765,867,884,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">7.3–8.7,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FCCE9624FC28" box="[937,1051,884,904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">10.4–11.7,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFCCE96ECFC28" box="[1121,1235,884,904]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">12.5–13.3,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FCCE97B4FC28" box="[1305,1419,884,904]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">11.4–12.2,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF96002FFF53FC2997B4FC06" box="[142,1419,915,934]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFE47FC299033FC06" box="[410,524,915,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FE47FC299393FC05" box="[410,428,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD8FFC299088FC06" box="[594,695,915,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD8FFC29905BFC05" box="[594,612,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFD20FC29915CFC06" box="[765,867,915,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FD20FC299130FC05" box="[765,783,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFC74FC299624FC06" box="[937,1051,915,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FC74FC299184FC05" box="[937,955,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFBBCFC2996ECFC06" box="[1121,1235,915,934]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FBBCFC29964CFC05" box="[1121,1139,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF96002FFAC4FC2997B4FC06" box="[1305,1419,915,934]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FAC4FC299714FC05" box="[1305,1323,915,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53FB6C92E4F9BD" blockId="9.[142,757,1237,1565]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
were collected and saved in lysis buffer. The specimen, with a full adult dentition and the basisphenoid–basioccipital suture completely fused, had large mammae, and an enlarged embryo (crown– rump length of 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FEE2FAEA93B0FAC5" box="[319,399,1360,1381]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
). External measurements: total length 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FF39FAD4937DFA24" box="[228,322,1390,1412]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 mm</quantity>
, tail length 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FE03FAD49011FA24" box="[478,558,1390,1412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot length (without claws) 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FE92FA37939FFA02" box="[335,416,1421,1443]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
, ear length 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FDE4FA3790B6FA02" box="[569,649,1421,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
, forearm length 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FF3CFA16930EFA61" box="[225,305,1452,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
, and body mass 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FE27FA119016FA61" box="[506,553,1451,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="g" value="63.0">63 g</quantity>
(including 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FD6CFA1190CBFA61" box="[689,756,1451,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.45" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="g" value="14.5">14.5 g</quantity>
embryo) (
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF96FFD9FF29FA70937BFA40" box="[244,324,1482,1504]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[142,206,579,598]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements all taken by the same field collector (S. M. G.) and presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. The considerable variance in body mass is associated with seasonal accumulation of body fat" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Information associated with the specimen includes ‘Netted over Sahanafa River in gallery forest’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53F9EE9322F9C9" blockId="9.[142,757,1620,1764]" box="[142,285,1620,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53F9EE9322F9C9" box="[142,285,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Type locality</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53F9C89033F944" blockId="9.[142,757,1620,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF96FFD9FF53F9C89033F944" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" elevation="550" latitude="-22.316668" location="Bevato Mountain" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF96FFD9FF53F9C89323F928" box="[142,284,1650,1672]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="EB0D14D3FF96FFD9FEF5F9C8906BF928" box="[296,596,1650,1672]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Province de Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="C017A2BDFF96FFD9FDBCF9C9932DF907" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Parc National de l’Isalo</collectingCounty>
, along 
<collectingMunicipality id="C912404BFF96FFD9FEBFF92B902CF907" box="[354,531,1681,1703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Sahanafa River</collectingMunicipality>
, near foot of 
<location id="2C168CEAFF96FFD9FD7AF92B9337F965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF97FFDEFF61F8A9979CF8CD:2C168CEAFF96FFD9FD7AF92B9337F965" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" latitude="-22.316668" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" name="Bevato Mountain" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Bevato Mountain</location>
, 
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FEC4F90A935CF965" box="[281,355,1711,1733]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
south-east of 
<location id="2C168CEAFF96FFD9FDFDF91590CFF965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF97FFDEFF61F8A9979CF8CD:2C168CEAFF96FFD9FDFDF91590CFF965" box="[544,752,1711,1733]" country="Madagascar" county="Parc National de l'Isalo" latitude="-22.316668" longLatPrecision="125" longitude="45.293335" municipality="Sahanafa River" name="Berenty-Betsileo" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Berenty-Betsileo</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF96FFD9FF53F97492C5F943" box="[142,250,1742,1764]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="19.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" precision="92" value="-22.316668">22°19.0′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4CFDBCF6FF96FFD9FED4F9749347F944" box="[265,376,1742,1764]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="17.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" precision="92" value="45.293335">45°17.6′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="A2E43D02FF96FFD9FE5AF9749033F944" box="[391,524,1742,1764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="550.0">
<quantity id="EE3177D4FF96FFD9FE5AF97493F2F944" box="[391,461,1742,1764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53F8A19016F890" blockId="9.[142,757,1819,1902]" box="[142,553,1819,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FF53F8A19016F890" box="[142,553,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
Original diagnosis and 
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF96FFD9FE7DF8A193F1F890" box="[416,462,1819,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FF53F8839748FA03" blockId="9.[142,757,1819,1902]" lastBlockId="9.[804,1420,1237,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF96FFD9FF53F88393EEF8EF" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E" box="[142,465,1849,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" pagination="254 - 266" refId="ref13777" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E. 1813. Sur un genre des chauvessouris, sous le nom de Rhinolophes. Annales du Musee d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 20: 254 - 266." type="journal article" year="1813">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1813)</bibRefCitation>
provided the following diagnosis of his 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FEF3F8E29067F8CD" authority="Commersonii" authorityName="Commersonii" box="[302,600,1880,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FEF3F8E29067F8CD" box="[302,600,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Rhinolophus Commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: simple nasal leaf with a rounded terminal edge: without rostrum structure: the tail is half the length of the leg and occurs on 
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF96FFD9FC97FAA891EAFA88" box="[842,981,1298,1320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF96FFD9FC02FAA8974CFA03" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
[‘Feuille nasale simple à bord terminal arrondi: sans bourse sur la front: la queue de la moitié moins longue de la jambe... Habite Madagascar’]. The 
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF96FFD9FC63FAD59629FA24" box="[958,1046,1391,1412]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designated here possesses these same characters and was obtained on 
<collectingCountry id="51DE9AA1FF96FFD9FB3AFA37974CFA03" box="[1255,1395,1421,1443]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF96FFD9FCE0FA1191A2F8CE" blockId="9.[804,1420,1237,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">
<materialsCitation id="99A1D06CFF96FFD9FCE0FA1191A6F8CE" collectionCode="USNM" county="On" location="Saint-Hilaire" municipality="In" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" specimenCode="USNM 578738" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<location id="2C168CEAFF96FFD9FCE0FA1191F5FA61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF97FFDEFF61F8A9979CF8CD:2C168CEAFF96FFD9FCE0FA1191F5FA61" box="[829,970,1451,1473]" county="On" municipality="In" name="Saint-Hilaire" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Saint-Hilaire</location>
specifically mentioned that 
<location id="2C168CEAFF96FFD9FB27FA1197B4FA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF97FFDEFF61F8A9979CF8CD:2C168CEAFF96FFD9FB27FA1197B4FA60" box="[1274,1419,1451,1472]" county="On" municipality="In" name="Commerson's" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Commerson’s</location>
original description was based on an animal from near ‘ 
<location id="2C168CEAFF96FFD9FCF5FA5291FBFA5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1606B27FF97FFDEFF61F8A9979CF8CD:2C168CEAFF96FFD9FCF5FA5291FBFA5E" box="[808,964,1512,1534]" county="On" municipality="In" name="fort Dauphin'" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">fort Dauphin’</location>
[= Tolagnaro] (
<figureCitation id="B1F2C6B4FF96FFD9FBAEFA52968CFA5F" box="[1139,1203,1512,1535]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[166,245,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[181,1429,214,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[166,1446,194,1761]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map of Madagascar showing different sampling localities of Hipposideros used in the morphological and molecular parts of this study and the different clade representation. The map also shows other localities mentioned in the text. An overlay is used of the simplified bioclimatic regions of the island (Cornet, 1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364291/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingMunicipality id="C912404BFF96FFD9FB11FA5396DAFA5E" box="[1228,1253,1513,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">In</collectingMunicipality>
the context of this current study, only a single adult female was measured from this locality (
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF96FFD9FB4BF99C976FF99C" box="[1174,1360,1574,1596]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">USNM 578738</specimenCode>
), for which no fresh tissue was available. 
<collectingCounty id="C017A2BDFF96FFD9FB05F9FE96C5F9F9" box="[1240,1274,1604,1625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">On</collectingCounty>
the basis of the PCAs of craniodental and external characters, 
<specimenCode id="796F724AFF96FFD9FCF9F93891F2F937" box="[804,973,1665,1687]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" type="Museum">USNM 578738</specimenCode>
is relatively large, yet it overlaps with other large-sized specimen referred to clades B and C (
<figureCitation id="B1F2C6B4FF96FFD9FCA0F90591CBF974" box="[893,1012,1727,1749]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[166,245,1754,1773]" captionTargetBox="[328,1281,1262,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-387@10.[325,1285,1258,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Principal components analysis plots of: A, 12 craniodental measurements and B, five external measurements for genotyped Malagasy Hipposideros female specimens. Clade B specimens from Sahanafa are shown as shaded squares with black outlines (clade Bs). Holotype of Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. (clade A, FMNH 175970) and neotype of Hipposideros commersoni (clade B, FMNH 175972), both obtained from Sahanafa, are labelled accordingly. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364295/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). It also has a relatively large HF, similar to some smaller and medium-sized specimens from clade B (
<figureCitation id="B1F2C6B4FF96FFD9FC12F946961BF8B2" box="[975,1060,1788,1810]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="10.[166,245,1754,1773]" captionTargetBox="[328,1281,1262,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-387@10.[325,1285,1258,1724]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 3. Principal components analysis plots of: A, 12 craniodental measurements and B, five external measurements for genotyped Malagasy Hipposideros female specimens. Clade B specimens from Sahanafa are shown as shaded squares with black outlines (clade Bs). Holotype of Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. (clade A, FMNH 175970) and neotype of Hipposideros commersoni (clade B, FMNH 175972), both obtained from Sahanafa, are labelled accordingly. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364295/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). We prefer to designate a sequenced animal as the 
<typeStatus id="F6726493FF96FFD9FBE5F8A196AEF890" box="[1080,1169,1819,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF96FFD9FB67F8A1975CF890" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1210,1379,1819,1840]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="437" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF96FFD9FB67F8A1975CF890" box="[1210,1379,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="437">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in this case from Isalo, rather than the individual from Tolagnaro
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF95FFDAFF7BFF7F9339FF56" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" startId="10.[166,231,197,216]">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF95FFDAFF7BFF7F9339FF56" blockId="10.[166,1443,197,246]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFF7BFF7F933FFF78" bold="true" box="[166,256,197,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Table 5.</emphasis>
Principal components loadings, eigenvalues, and cumulative variance for 13 craniodental and five external variables
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF95FFDAFF7BFEA690CCFC81" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<table id="5BC92891FF95002FFF7BFEA6979CFC81" box="[166,1443,284,801]" gridcols="8" gridrows="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFEA6979CFE90" box="[166,1443,284,304]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFEA69394FE90" box="[166,427,284,304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Craniodental</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FEA6901EFE90" box="[476,545,284,304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFEA690A8FE90" box="[593,663,284,304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFEA69133FE90" box="[711,780,284,304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FEA6967DFE90" box="[828,1090,284,304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">External</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFEA69687FE90" box="[1138,1208,284,304]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FEA69711FE90" box="[1256,1326,284,304]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FEA6979CFE90" box="[1374,1443,284,304]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PC3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFEEC979CFECA" box="[166,1443,342,362]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFEEC9394FECA" box="[166,427,342,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">GSKL</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FEEC901EFECA" box="[476,545,342,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.972</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFEEC90A8FECA" box="[593,663,342,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.070</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFEEC9133FECA" box="[711,780,342,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.048</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FEEC967DFECA" box="[828,1090,342,362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">TL</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFEEC9687FECA" box="[1138,1208,342,362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.796</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FEEC9711FECA" box="[1256,1326,342,362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.240</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FEEC979CFECA" box="[1374,1443,342,362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.316</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFECE979CFE27" box="[166,1443,372,391]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFECE9394FE27" box="[166,427,372,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">CCL</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FECE901EFE27" box="[476,545,372,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.971</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFECE90A8FE27" box="[593,663,372,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.098</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFECE9133FE27" box="[711,780,372,391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.007</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FECE967DFE27" box="[828,1090,372,391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">TaL</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFECE9687FE27" box="[1138,1208,372,391]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.705</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FECE9711FE27" box="[1256,1326,372,391]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.495</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FECE979CFE27" box="[1374,1443,372,391]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.323</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFE2B979CFE04" box="[166,1443,401,420]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFE2B9394FE04" box="[166,427,401,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">ZYGO</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FE2B901EFE04" box="[476,545,401,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.85</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFE2B90A8FE04" box="[593,663,401,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.001</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFE2B9133FE04" box="[711,780,401,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.452</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FE2B967DFE04" box="[828,1090,401,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">HF</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFE2B9687FE04" box="[1138,1208,401,420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.338</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FE2B9711FE04" box="[1256,1326,401,420]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.822</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FE2B979CFE04" box="[1374,1443,401,420]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.447</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFE14979CFE62" box="[166,1443,430,450]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFE149394FE62" box="[166,427,430,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">POB</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FE14901EFE62" box="[476,545,430,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.226</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFE1490A8FE62" box="[593,663,430,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.969</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFE149133FE62" box="[711,780,430,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.004</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FE14967DFE62" box="[828,1090,430,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Ear</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFE149687FE62" box="[1138,1208,430,450]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.766</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FE149711FE62" box="[1256,1326,430,450]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.170</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FE14979CFE62" box="[1374,1443,430,450]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.516</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFE71979CFE7F" box="[166,1443,459,479]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFE719394FE7F" box="[166,427,459,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">MAST</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FE71901EFE7F" box="[476,545,459,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.915</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFE7190A8FE7F" box="[593,663,459,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.023</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFE719133FE7F" box="[711,780,459,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.212</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FE71967DFE7F" box="[828,1090,459,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">FA</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFE719687FE7F" box="[1138,1208,459,479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.844</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FE719711FE7F" box="[1256,1326,459,479]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.156</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FE71979CFE7F" box="[1374,1443,459,479]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.279</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFE53979CFE5C" box="[166,1443,489,508]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFE539394FE5C" box="[166,427,489,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">MAND</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FE53901EFE5C" box="[476,545,489,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.956</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFE5390A8FE5C" box="[593,663,489,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.101</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFE539133FE5C" box="[711,780,489,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.033</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FE53967DFE5C" box="[828,1090,489,508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Eigenvalue</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFE539687FE5C" box="[1138,1208,489,508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">2.541</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FE539711FE5C" box="[1256,1326,489,508]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">1.031</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FE53979CFE5C" box="[1374,1443,489,508]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFDBC979CFDB9" box="[166,1443,518,537]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFDBC9394FDB9" box="[166,427,518,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">MOMARM</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FDBC901EFDB9" box="[476,545,518,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.831</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFDBC90A8FDB9" box="[593,663,518,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.053</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFDBC9133FDB9" box="[711,780,518,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.142</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FDBC967DFDB9" box="[828,1090,518,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Proportion of variance</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFDBC9687FDB9" box="[1138,1208,518,537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">50.8</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FDBC9711FDB9" box="[1256,1326,518,537]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">20.6</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FDBC979CFDB9" box="[1374,1443,518,537]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">15.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD9A979CFD96" box="[166,1443,544,566]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD9A9394FD96" box="[166,427,544,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">C–M3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD9A901EFD96" box="[476,545,544,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.929</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD9A90A8FD96" box="[593,663,544,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.077</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD9A9133FD96" box="[711,780,544,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.242</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFCE1FD9A967DFD96" box="[828,1090,544,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Cumulative variance (%)</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFBAFFD9A9687FD96" box="[1138,1208,544,566]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">50.8</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFB35FD9A9711FD96" box="[1256,1326,544,566]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">71.4</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFA83FD9A979CFD96" box="[1374,1443,544,566]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">86.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD87979CFDF4" box="[166,1443,573,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD879394FDF4" box="[166,427,573,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">PM4–M3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD87901EFDF4" box="[476,545,573,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.868</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD8790A8FDF4" box="[593,663,573,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.042</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD879133FDF4" box="[711,780,573,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.414</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFDE0979CFDD1" box="[166,1443,602,625]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFDE09394FDD1" box="[166,427,602,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">C1-C1</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FDE0901EFDD1" box="[476,545,602,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.886</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFDE090A8FDD1" box="[593,663,602,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.062</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFDE09133FDD1" box="[711,780,602,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.189</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFDCD979CFD2E" box="[166,1443,631,654]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFDCD9394FD2E" box="[166,427,631,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">M3–M3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FDCD901EFD2E" box="[476,545,631,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.882</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFDCD90A8FD2E" box="[593,663,631,654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.158</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFDCD9133FD2E" box="[711,780,631,654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.064</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD22979CFD0C" box="[166,1443,664,684]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD229394FD0C" box="[166,427,664,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">i1–m3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD22901EFD0C" box="[476,545,664,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.947</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD2290A8FD0C" box="[593,663,664,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.011</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD229133FD0C" box="[711,780,664,684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.233</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD0C979CFD69" box="[166,1443,694,713]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD0C9394FD69" box="[166,427,694,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">c–m3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD0C901EFD69" box="[476,545,694,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.940</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD0C90A8FD69" box="[593,663,694,713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.027</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD0C9133FD69" box="[711,780,694,713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">–0.204</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD69979CFD46" box="[166,1443,723,742]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD699394FD46" box="[166,427,723,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Eigenvalue</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD69901EFD46" box="[476,545,723,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">10.07</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD6990A8FD46" box="[593,663,723,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">1.01</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD699133FD46" box="[711,780,723,742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">0.64</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFD4A979CFCA4" box="[166,1443,752,772]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFD4A9394FCA4" box="[166,427,752,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Proportion of variance</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FD4A901EFCA4" box="[476,545,752,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">77.4</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFD4A90A8FCA4" box="[593,663,752,772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">7.7</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFD4A9133FCA4" box="[711,780,752,772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF95002FFF7BFCB7979CFC81" box="[166,1443,781,801]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF95002FFF7BFCB79394FC81" box="[166,427,781,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Cumulative variance (%)</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFE01FCB7901EFC81" box="[476,545,781,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">77.4</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD8CFCB790A8FC81" box="[593,663,781,801]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">85.2</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF95002FFD1AFCB79133FC81" box="[711,780,781,801]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">90.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF95FFDAFF7BFCF29675FB1A" blockId="10.[166,1443,840,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
GSKL, greatest skull length, from posterior-most part of occipital to anterior-most point of upper canines; CCL, condylocanine length, from occipital condyles to anterior-most point of upper canines; ZYGO, greatest zygomatic breadth, width taken across zygomatic arches at the widest point; POB, postorbital breadth, dorsal width at most constricted part of skull; MAST, mastoid breadth, maximum width of skull across mastoid processes; MAND, mandible length, from the posteriormost portion of the condyles to anterior-medial-most point of upper incisors; MOMARM, moment arm of the temporal, length from mandibular condyle to tip of coronoid process; C–M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFC93FC6D916AFC43" attach="left" box="[846,853,983,995]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</superScript>
, complete cranial toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of canine to posterior alveolar border of third upper molar; PM 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFC13FC4E91EAFBA0" attach="right" box="[974,981,1012,1024]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">4</superScript>
–M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFC2AFC4E91C1FBA0" attach="left" box="[1015,1022,1012,1024]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</superScript>
, complete molariform toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of second premolar (PM 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFD3AFBAB90D1FBBD" attach="right" box="[743,750,1041,1053]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">4</superScript>
) to posterior alveolar border of third molar; C 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFB3FFBAB96D6FBBD" attach="left" box="[1250,1257,1041,1053]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">1</superScript>
–C 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFADBFBAB9732FBBD" attach="left" box="[1286,1293,1041,1053]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">1</superScript>
, width across upper canines, taken across the outer alveolar borders of the canines; M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFC67FB9491FEFB9A" attach="right" box="[954,961,1070,1082]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</superScript>
–M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF95FFDAFC3EFB9491D5FB9A" attach="left" box="[995,1002,1070,1082]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</superScript>
, width across third upper molars, taken across the outer alveolar borders of the third molars; i 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF95FFDAFD36FBED90CDFBC3" attach="left" box="[747,754,1111,1123]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">1</subScript>
–m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF95FFDAFCCEFBED9125FBC3" attach="left" box="[787,794,1111,1123]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</subScript>
, mesiodistal length of complete mandibular toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of incisors to posterior alveolar border of third molar; c–m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF95FFDAFB84FBCE965FFB20" attach="left" box="[1113,1120,1140,1152]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">3</subScript>
, complete canine–molar mandibular toothrow, length from anterior alveolar border of canine to posterior alveolar border of third molar; TL, total length; TaL, tail length; HF, hind foot length (not including claw); FA, forearm length.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF95FFDAFF7BF96090EFF8C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5364295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364295/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" startId="10.[166,245,1754,1773]" targetBox="[328,1281,1262,1714]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF95FFDAFF7BF96090EFF8C3" blockId="10.[165,1443,1754,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFF7BF9609331F94D" bold="true" box="[166,270,1754,1773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Principal components analysis plots of: A, 12 craniodental measurements and B, five external measurements for genotyped Malagasy 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF95FFDAFE75F942900FF8AB" baseAuthorityName="Happold" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[424,560,1784,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFE75F942900FF8AB" box="[424,560,1784,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female specimens. Clade B specimens from Sahanafa are shown as shaded squares with black outlines (clade Bs). Holotype of 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFDBBF8AF962DF888" bold="true" box="[614,1042,1813,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF95FFDAFDBBF8AF918AF888" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[614,949,1813,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFDBBF8AF918AF888" bold="true" box="[614,949,1813,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF95FFDAFC61F8AF962DF888" box="[956,1042,1813,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(clade A, FMNH 175970) and neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF95FFDAFF1CF88893F0F8E5" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[193,463,1842,1861]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF95FFDAFF1CF88893F0F8E5" box="[193,463,1842,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="438">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clade B, FMNH 175972), both obtained from Sahanafa, are labelled accordingly. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF94FFDBFF53FB62975CFAE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5364297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364297/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" startId="11.[142,221,1240,1259]" targetBox="[365,1197,195,1210]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFF53FB62975CFAE3" blockId="11.[142,1420,1240,1348]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFF53FB6292C9FB4B" bold="true" box="[142,246,1240,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Views of mandibles belonging to three different species of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFCA3FB629639FB4B" baseAuthorityName="Happold" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[894,1030,1240,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFCA3FB629639FB4B" box="[894,1030,1240,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene (from top to bottom): extant 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFD6CFB4F9655FAA9" bold="true" box="[689,1130,1269,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFD6CFB4F963AFAA8" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[689,1029,1269,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFD6CFB4F963AFAA8" bold="true" box="[689,1029,1269,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF94FFDBFBCDFB4C9655FAA9" box="[1040,1130,1270,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(holotype, FMNH 175970, female), extinct 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFEEFFAA99033FA86" authorityName="Samonds" authorityYear="2007" box="[306,524,1299,1318]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="besaoka">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFEEFFAA99033FA86" box="[306,524,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Hipposideros besaoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UADPAB 9133, sex unknown but perhaps male), and extant 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFB54FAA997B3FA85" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1161,1420,1299,1318]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFB54FAA997B3FA85" box="[1161,1420,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(neotype, FMNH 175972, female). (Photographs taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z95243_01d.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFF53FAE593C1FAD4" blockId="11.[142,757,1374,1793]" box="[142,510,1374,1396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFF53FAE593C1FAD4" box="[142,510,1374,1396]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Note on spelling of species name</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFF53FAC79301F8A1" blockId="11.[142,757,1374,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
In the original description of this taxon, 
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF94FFDBFD4CFAC7934BFA11" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" pagination="254 - 266" refId="ref13777" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E. 1813. Sur un genre des chauvessouris, sous le nom de Rhinolophes. Annales du Musee d'Histoire naturelle de Paris 20: 254 - 266." type="journal article" year="1813">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1813)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the name ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFDB9FA219318FA6F" authority="Commersonii" authorityName="Commersonii" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFDB9FA219318FA6F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Rhinolophus Commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’. Over the past nearly 200 years, the species name for this bat, with few exceptions, has been presented as 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFEE5FA4293F9F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[312,454,1528,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFEE5FA4293F9F9AD" box="[312,454,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, article 33.3.1, concerning ‘Incorrect subsequent spellings’, ‘when an incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the publication of the original spelling, the subsequent spelling and attribution are to be preserved and the spelling is deemed to be a correct original spelling’. Hence, we maintain the spelling 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFF53F9569308F8A1" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[142,311,1772,1793]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFF53F9569308F8A1" box="[142,311,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFF53F8A19390F890" blockId="11.[142,757,1819,1902]" box="[142,431,1819,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFF53F8A19390F890" box="[142,431,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Morphological characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFF53F88391F4F9AD" blockId="11.[142,757,1819,1902]" lastBlockId="11.[804,1419,1374,1549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
Amongst 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFF24F88093A0F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[249,415,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFF24F88093A0F8EF" box="[249,415,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without exception, females of clade C are on average larger than those of clade B for external (
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF94FFDBFC19FAE49625FAD4" box="[964,1050,1374,1396]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[142,206,579,598]" captionText="Table 2. External measurements (in millimetres) and mass (in grams) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements all taken by the same field collector (S. M. G.) and presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens. The considerable variance in body mass is associated with seasonal accumulation of body fat" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Table 2</tableCitation>
), cranial (
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF94FFDBFB44FAE496D0FAD4" box="[1177,1263,1374,1396]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[166,230,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Cranial measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Table 3</tableCitation>
), and dental (
<tableCitation id="644BEF8AFF94FFDBFCF6FAC69141FA33" box="[811,894,1404,1427]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="9.[142,206,197,216]" captionText="Table 4. Dental measurements (in millimetres) of adults (sexes separated) of different clades of Hipposideros commersoni based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Clade A is referable to Hipposideros cryptovalorona sp. nov. and clades B and C to H. commersoni. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements and number of specimens" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Table 4</tableCitation>
) measurements. As 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFBBEFAC79716FA31" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[1123,1321,1404,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFBBEFAC79716FA31" box="[1123,1321,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF94FFDBFAECFAC797B7FA32" box="[1329,1416,1405,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, named below, is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFCF9FA0091FBFA6F" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[804,964,1466,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFCF9FA0091FBFA6F" box="[804,964,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characters are presented within the new species diagnosis and description, rather than being repeated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDBFCF9F9FE968BF9F9" blockId="11.[804,1420,1604,1902]" box="[804,1204,1604,1626]" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFCF9F9FE968BF9F9" box="[804,1204,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">Molecular variation and phylogeny</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF94FFDCFCF9F9D9909FFC13" blockId="11.[804,1420,1604,1902]" lastBlockId="12.[166,1444,664,947]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">
The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the paraphyly of what was previously considered 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFB7FF9389774F937" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1186,1355,1666,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFB7FF9389774F937" box="[1186,1355,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two well-supported, independently evolving lineages were recovered. The first lineage (clade A) is genetically distinct from the other 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFBD3F9649689F953" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1038,1206,1758,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFBD3F9649689F953" box="[1038,1206,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage; the latter is further subdivided into two geographically correlated clades (clades B and C). Clade A is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF94FFDBFC3EF88096B3F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[995,1164,1850,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF94FFDBFC3EF88096B3F8EF" box="[995,1164,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="439">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals in clades B and C, but based on genetic data, this lineage can MD m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFF34FD1A92CFFD0C" attach="right" box="[233,240,672,684]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
, mesiodistal length of first lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFD65FD1A9080FD0C" attach="left" box="[696,703,672,684]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
), taken in line with the toothrow at the level of the buccal cingulum; BL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFF02FD0792D9FD69" attach="left" box="[223,230,701,713]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
, buccolingual length of first lower molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; MD m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFAC1FD07971CFD69" attach="left" box="[1308,1315,701,713]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">3</subScript>
, mesiodistal length of third lower molar, taken in line with the toothrow at the widest point; BL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFB82FD609659FD46" attach="right" box="[1119,1126,730,742]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">3</subScript>
, buccolingual length of third lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFE91FD42936CFCA4" attach="left" box="[332,339,760,772]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">3</subScript>
), taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; TL c 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFBCFFD429626FCA4" attach="left" box="[1042,1049,760,772]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
, total length of lower canine, taken along the vertical axis of the tooth from buccal cingulum to distal tip; TL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFC35FCAF91D0FC81" attach="left" box="[1000,1007,789,801]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
, total length of first lower molar, taken along the vertical axis of the tooth from buccal cingulum to distal tip; TL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF93FFDCFC3CFC8891D7FC9E" attach="left" box="[993,1000,818,830]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">3</subScript>
, total length of third lower molar, taken along the vertical axis of the tooth from buccal cingulum to distal tip; MD M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF93FFDCFC08FCFE91E3FCF0" attach="right" box="[981,988,836,848]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">2</superScript>
, mesiodistal length of second upper molar, taken in line with the toothrow at the level of the buccal cingulum; BL M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF93FFDCFC1FFCDB91F6FCCD" attach="left" box="[962,969,865,877]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">2</superScript>
, buccolingual length of second upper molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; BL M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF93FFDCFC88FCC59163FC2B" attach="right" box="[853,860,895,907]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">3</superScript>
, buccolingual length of third upper molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF93FFDCFF7BFF7F9339FF56" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" startId="12.[166,231,197,216]">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF93FFDCFF7BFF7F9339FF56" blockId="12.[166,1442,197,246]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFF7BFF7F933FFF78" bold="true" box="[166,256,197,216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Table 6.</emphasis>
Principal components loadings, eigenvalues, and cumulative variance for two data sets of subfossil dental variables
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF93FFDCFF7BFEA790D2FDD1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<table id="5BC92891FF93002FFF7BFEA6979CFDD1" box="[166,1443,284,625]" gridcols="8" gridrows="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFEA6979CFE90" box="[166,1443,284,304]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFEA69394FE90" box="[166,427,284,304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Lower teeth</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FEA69020FE90" box="[474,543,284,304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FEA690ACFE90" box="[590,659,284,304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFEA69138FE90" box="[705,775,284,304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FEA69604FE90" box="[821,1083,284,304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Upper teeth</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FEA69690FE90" box="[1129,1199,284,304]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FEA6971CFE90" box="[1245,1315,284,304]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFEA6979CFE90" box="[1361,1443,284,304]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">PC3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFEE9979CFECA" box="[166,1443,339,362]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFEE99394FECA" box="[166,427,339,362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">MD m1</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FEE99020FECA" box="[474,543,339,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.73</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FEE990ACFECA" box="[590,659,339,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.207</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFEE99138FECA" box="[705,775,339,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.517</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FEE99604FECA" box="[821,1083,339,362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">MD M2</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FEE99690FECA" box="[1129,1199,339,362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.901</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FEE9971CFECA" box="[1245,1315,339,362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.386</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFEE9979CFECA" box="[1361,1443,339,362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.199</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFECA979CFE27" box="[166,1443,368,391]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFECA9394FE27" box="[166,427,368,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">BL m1</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FECA9020FE27" box="[474,543,368,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.82</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FECA90ACFE27" box="[590,659,368,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.131</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFECA9138FE27" box="[705,775,368,391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.274</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FECA9604FE27" box="[821,1083,368,391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">BL M2</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FECA9690FE27" box="[1129,1199,368,391]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.897</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FECA971CFE27" box="[1245,1315,368,391]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.407</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFECA979CFE27" box="[1361,1443,368,391]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.173</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFE37979CFE05" box="[166,1443,397,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFE379394FE05" box="[166,427,397,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">MD m3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FE379020FE05" box="[474,543,397,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.791</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FE3790ACFE05" box="[590,659,397,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.226</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFE379138FE05" box="[705,775,397,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.145</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FE379604FE05" box="[821,1083,397,421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">BL M3</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FE379690FE05" box="[1129,1199,397,421]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.934</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FE37971CFE05" box="[1245,1315,397,421]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.019</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFE37979CFE05" box="[1361,1443,397,421]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.358</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFE14979CFE62" box="[166,1443,430,450]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFE149394FE62" box="[166,427,430,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">BL m3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FE149020FE62" box="[474,543,430,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.413</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FE1490ACFE62" box="[590,659,430,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.775</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFE149138FE62" box="[705,775,430,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.461</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FE149604FE62" box="[821,1083,430,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Eigenvalue</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FE149690FE62" box="[1129,1199,430,450]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">2.488</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FE14971CFE62" box="[1245,1315,430,450]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.314</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFE14979CFE62" box="[1361,1443,430,450]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.197</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFE71979CFE7F" box="[166,1443,459,479]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFE719394FE7F" box="[166,427,459,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">TL c1</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FE719020FE7F" box="[474,543,459,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.778</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FE7190ACFE7F" box="[590,659,459,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.298</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFE719138FE7F" box="[705,775,459,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.253</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FE719604FE7F" box="[821,1083,459,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Proportion of variance</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FE719690FE7F" box="[1129,1199,459,479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">82.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FE71971CFE7F" box="[1245,1315,459,479]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">10.5</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFE71979CFE7F" box="[1361,1443,459,479]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">6.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFE53979CFE5C" box="[166,1443,489,508]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFE539394FE5C" box="[166,427,489,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">TL m1</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FE539020FE5C" box="[474,543,489,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.897</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FE5390ACFE5C" box="[590,659,489,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.254</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFE539138FE5C" box="[705,775,489,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.218</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFCE8FE539604FE5C" box="[821,1083,489,508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Cumulative variance (%)</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFBB4FE539690FE5C" box="[1129,1199,489,508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">82.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFB00FE53971CFE5C" box="[1245,1315,489,508]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">93.4</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFA8CFE53979CFE5C" box="[1361,1443,489,508]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFDBC979CFDBA" box="[166,1443,518,538]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFDBC9394FDBA" box="[166,427,518,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">TL m3</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FDBC9020FDBA" box="[474,543,518,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.886</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FDBC90ACFDBA" box="[590,659,518,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">–0.337</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFDBC9138FDBA" box="[705,775,518,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.151</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFD99979CFD96" box="[166,1443,547,566]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFD999394FD96" box="[166,427,547,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Eigenvalue</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FD999020FD96" box="[474,543,547,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">4.195</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FD9990ACFD96" box="[590,659,547,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.979</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFD999138FD96" box="[705,775,547,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">0.711</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFDFA979CFDF4" box="[166,1443,576,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFDFA9394FDF4" box="[166,427,576,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Proportion of variance</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FDFA9020FDF4" box="[474,543,576,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">59.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FDFA90ACFDF4" box="[590,659,576,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">14.0</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFDFA9138FDF4" box="[705,775,576,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF93002FFF7BFDE4979CFDD1" box="[166,1443,606,625]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF93002FFF7BFDE49394FDD1" box="[166,427,606,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Cumulative variance (%)</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFE07FDE49020FDD1" box="[474,543,606,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">59.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD93FDE490ACFDD1" box="[590,659,606,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">73.9</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF93002FFD1CFDE49138FDD1" box="[705,775,606,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">84.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF93FFDCFF7BF9129191F8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5364299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364299/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" startId="12.[166,245,1704,1723]" targetBox="[328,1283,1184,1663]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF93FFDCFF7BF9129191F8EE" blockId="12.[166,1444,1704,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFF7BF9129331F91B" bold="true" box="[166,270,1704,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Principal components analysis plots of: A, seven subfossil dental measurements (lower teeth data set) and B, three subfossil dental measurements (upper teeth data set) for extant Malagasy 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF93FFDCFC63F97F9601F978" baseAuthorityName="Happold" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[958,1086,1733,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFC63F97F9601F978" box="[958,1086,1733,1752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and extinct 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF93FFDCFAF9F97F92CAF956" authorityName="Samonds" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="besaoka">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFAF9F97F92CAF956" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Hipposideros besaoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens. Holotype of 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFE3BF95891BDF956" bold="true" box="[486,898,1762,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF93FFDCFE3BF9589117F955" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[486,808,1762,1781]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFE3BF9589117F955" bold="true" box="[486,808,1762,1781]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF93FFDCFCF2F95991BDF956" box="[815,898,1763,1782]" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(clade A, FMNH 175970) and neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF93FFDCFAFCF959931DF8B2" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFAFCF959931DF8B2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clade B, FMNH 175972), both obtained from Sahanafa, are labelled accordingly. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 7. Abbreviations: B, clade B females; Bm, clade B males; Bs, clade B females from Sahanafa; Bsm, clade B males from Sahanafa; C, clade C females; Hb, 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF93FFDCFCEBF8819196F8ED" authorityName="Samonds" authorityYear="2007" box="[822,937,1850,1870]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="besaoka">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFCEBF8819176F8ED" box="[822,841,1851,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF93FFDCFC8BF8809196F8ED" box="[854,937,1850,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="440">besaoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF92FFDDFFF3FE5D91B9FD96" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" startId="13.[46,110,487,508]">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF92FFDDFFF3FE5D91B9FD96" blockId="13.[46,1746,487,566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFF3FE5D92B7FE5C" bold="true" box="[46,136,487,508]" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Table 7.</emphasis>
Craniodental measurements (in millimetres) of subfossils used in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFBADFE5D976CFE5C" authorityName="Samonds" authorityYear="2007" box="[1136,1363,487,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="besaoka">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFBADFE5D976CFE5C" box="[1136,1363,487,508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Hipposideros besaoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and adults (sexes separated) of different clades of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFF02FDBE93D1FDB9" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[223,494,516,537]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFF02FDBE93D1FDB9" box="[223,494,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFDB1FDBE91A5FDB9" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[620,922,516,537]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFDB1FDBE91A5FDB9" box="[620,922,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the results of the mtDNA analyses. Measurements presented as mean ± SD, minimum and maximum measurements, and number of specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF92FFDDFEFBFDE19488FA81" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<table id="5BC92891FF92002FFFF3FDE394EDFA81" box="[46,1746,601,1313]" gridcols="11" gridrows="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FDE394EDFDD1" box="[46,1746,601,625]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFDE3939AFDD1" box="[294,421,601,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">MD M2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FDE39007FDD1" box="[441,568,601,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">BL M2</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FDE390F4FDD1" box="[588,715,601,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">BL M3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FDE39160FDD1" box="[735,863,601,625]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">MD m1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFDE391CDFDD1" box="[882,1010,601,625]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">BL m1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFDE396BAFDD1" box="[1030,1157,601,625]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">MD m3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FDE39727FDD1" box="[1177,1304,601,625]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">BL m3</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FDE39793FDD1" box="[1324,1452,601,625]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">DMB c</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FDE39400FDD1" box="[1471,1599,601,625]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">DMB m1</th>
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFDE394EDFDD1" box="[1618,1746,601,625]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">DMB m3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FD2F94EDFD0A" box="[46,1746,661,682]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FD2F932EFD0A" box="[46,273,661,682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFFF3FD2F929DFD0A" authorityName="Samonds" authorityYear="2007" box="[46,162,661,682]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="besaoka">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFF3FD2F929DFD0A" box="[46,162,661,682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">H. besaoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FD0894EDFD67" box="[46,1746,690,711]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FD08932EFD67" box="[46,273,690,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Left mandible</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FD089160FD67" box="[735,863,690,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
2.26 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFCCFFD08911FFD67" box="[786,800,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.177
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFD0891CDFD67" box="[882,1010,690,711]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
1.48 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFC78FD08918CFD67" box="[933,947,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.70
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFD0896BAFD67" box="[1030,1157,690,711]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.32, 2.41</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FD089727FD67" box="[1177,1304,690,711]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.33, 1.36</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FD089793FD67" box="[1324,1452,690,711]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">4.00 ± 0.293</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FD089400FD67" box="[1471,1599,690,711]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">4.01 ± 0.586</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFD0894EDFD67" box="[1618,1746,690,711]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">4.56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FD6A94EDFD45" box="[46,1746,720,741]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FD6A9160FD45" box="[735,863,720,741]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08–2.50,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFD6A91CDFD45" box="[882,1010,720,741]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.41–1.57,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFD6A96BAFD45" box="[1030,1157,720,741]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFBDBFD6A9627FD45" box="[1030,1048,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FD6A9727FD45" box="[1177,1304,720,741]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFB44FD6A9694FD45" box="[1177,1195,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FD6A9793FD45" box="[1324,1452,720,741]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.73–4.31,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FD6A9400FD45" box="[1471,1599,720,741]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.18–4.57,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFD6A94EDFD45" box="[1618,1746,720,741]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDF98EFD6A945AFD45" box="[1619,1637,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 1
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FD5794EDFCA2" box="[46,1746,749,770]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FD579160FCA2" box="[735,863,749,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFD02FD5790CEFCA2" box="[735,753,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFD5791CDFCA2" box="[882,1010,749,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFCAEFD5791BAFCA2" box="[883,901,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FD579793FCA2" box="[1324,1452,749,770]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFAF1FD579701FCA2" box="[1324,1342,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FD579400FCA2" box="[1471,1599,749,770]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFA62FD5797EEFCA2" box="[1471,1489,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FCB094EDFCBF" box="[46,1746,778,799]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FCB0932EFCBF" box="[46,273,778,799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Right mandible</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FCB09160FCBF" box="[735,863,778,799]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
2.27 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFCCFFCB0911FFCBF" box="[786,800,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.111
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFCB091CDFCBF" box="[882,1010,778,799]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
1.48 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFC78FCB0918CFCBF" box="[933,947,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.061
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFCB096BAFCBF" box="[1030,1157,778,799]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
2.25 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFBE5FCB09679FCBF" box="[1080,1094,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.070
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FCB09727FCBF" box="[1177,1304,778,799]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
1.27 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFB16FCB096E6FCBF" box="[1227,1241,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.042
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FCB09793FCBF" box="[1324,1452,778,799]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.99 ± 0.341</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FCB09400FCBF" box="[1471,1599,778,799]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.82 ± 0.445</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFCB094EDFCBF" box="[1618,1746,778,799]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.77 ± 0.267</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FC9D94EDFC9C" box="[46,1746,807,828]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FC9D9160FC9C" box="[735,863,807,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.09–2.44,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFC9D91CDFC9C" box="[882,1010,807,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.40–1.58,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFC9D96BAFC9C" box="[1030,1157,807,828]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.14–2.36,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FC9D9727FC9C" box="[1177,1304,807,828]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.24–1.35,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FC9D9793FC9C" box="[1324,1452,807,828]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.55–4.34,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FC9D9400FC9C" box="[1471,1599,807,828]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.13 ± 4.47,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFC9D94EDFC9C" box="[1618,1746,807,828]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.05–4.56,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FCFF94EDFCFA" box="[46,1746,837,858]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FCFF9160FCFA" box="[735,863,837,858]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFD02FCFF90CEFCFA" box="[735,753,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFCFF91CDFCFA" box="[882,1010,837,858]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFCAEFCFF91BAFCFA" box="[883,901,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFCFF96BAFCFA" box="[1030,1157,837,858]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFBDBFCFF9627FCFA" box="[1030,1048,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 7
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FCFF9727FCFA" box="[1177,1304,837,858]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFB44FCFF9694FCFA" box="[1177,1195,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 7
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FCFF9793FCFA" box="[1324,1452,837,858]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFAF1FCFF9701FCFA" box="[1324,1342,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 5
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FCFF9400FCFA" box="[1471,1599,837,858]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFA62FCFF97EEFCFA" box="[1471,1489,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 9
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFCFF94EDFCFA" box="[1618,1746,837,858]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDF98EFCFF945AFCFA" box="[1619,1637,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 8
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FCD894EDFCD7" box="[46,1746,866,887]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FCD8932EFCD7" box="[46,273,866,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Left cranial fragment</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFCD8939AFCD7" box="[294,421,866,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.47 ± 0.117</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FCD89007FCD7" box="[441,568,866,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
2.76 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFE36FCD893C6FCD7" box="[491,505,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">±</emphasis>
0.252
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FCD890F4FCD7" box="[588,715,866,887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.28, 2.55,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FCC594EDFC34" box="[46,1746,895,916]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFCC5939AFC34" box="[294,421,895,916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.36–2.63,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FCC59007FC34" box="[441,568,895,916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.47–2.92,</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FCC590F4FC34" box="[588,715,895,916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFD91FCC59061FC34" box="[588,606,895,916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 2
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FC2794EDFC12" box="[46,1746,925,946]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFC27939AFC12" box="[294,421,925,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFEFBFC279307FC12" box="[294,312,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 4
</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FC279007FC12" box="[441,568,925,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFE64FC2793F4FC12" box="[441,459,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 3
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FC0094EDFC6F" box="[46,1746,954,975]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FC009007FC6F" box="[46,568,954,975]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFF3FC0093E1FC6F" bold="true" box="[46,478,954,975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFFF3FC009340FC6F" authority="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016" authorityName="Goodman &amp; Schoeman &amp; Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro" authorityYear="2016" box="[46,383,954,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFF3FC009340FC6F" bold="true" box="[46,383,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="008EBB58FF92FFDDFE5AFC0093E1FC6F" box="[391,478,954,975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FC6D94EDFC4C" box="[46,1746,983,1004]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FC6D932EFC4C" box="[46,273,983,1004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Clade A</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FC4E94EDFBA9" box="[46,1746,1012,1033]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FC4E932EFBA9" box="[46,273,1012,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
♀♀ (
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFBEFC4E924AFBA9" box="[99,117,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 2)
</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFC4E939AFBA9" box="[294,421,1012,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.15, 2.21</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FC4E9007FBA9" box="[441,568,1012,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08, 2.14</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FC4E90F4FBA9" box="[588,715,1012,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.01, 2.04</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FC4E9160FBA9" box="[735,863,1012,1033]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.88, 1.95</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFC4E91CDFBA9" box="[882,1010,1012,1033]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.26, 1.29</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFC4E96BAFBA9" box="[1030,1157,1012,1033]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.87, 1.87</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FC4E9727FBA9" box="[1177,1304,1012,1033]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.27, 1.28</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FC4E9793FBA9" box="[1324,1452,1012,1033]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.93, 3.01</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FC4E9400FBA9" box="[1471,1599,1012,1033]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.79, 2.09</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFC4E94EDFBA9" box="[1618,1746,1012,1033]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.12, 2.22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB9894EDFB97" box="[46,1746,1058,1079]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FB98932EFB97" box="[46,273,1058,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF92FFDDFFF3FB9892F6FB97" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[46,201,1058,1079]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFF3FB9892F6FB97" box="[46,201,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB8594EDFBF4" box="[46,1746,1087,1108]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FB85932EFBF4" box="[46,273,1087,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Clade B</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FBE694EDFBD1" box="[46,1746,1116,1137]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FBE6932EFBD1" box="[46,273,1116,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
♂♂ (
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFB7FBE69243FBD1" box="[106,124,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 10)
</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFBE6939AFBD1" box="[294,421,1116,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.31 ± 0.136</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FBE69007FBD1" box="[441,568,1116,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.32 ± 0.222</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FBE690F4FBD1" box="[588,715,1116,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.15 ± 0.139</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FBE69160FBD1" box="[735,863,1116,1137]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.12 ± 0.138</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFBE691CDFBD1" box="[882,1010,1116,1137]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.34 ± 0.092</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFBE696BAFBD1" box="[1030,1157,1116,1137]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.10 ± 0.135</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FBE69727FBD1" box="[1177,1304,1116,1137]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.21 ± 0.072</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FBE69793FBD1" box="[1324,1452,1116,1137]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.40 ± 0.351</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FBE69400FBD1" box="[1471,1599,1116,1137]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.80 ± 0.684</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFBE694EDFBD1" box="[1618,1746,1116,1137]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.96 ± 0.717</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FBC394EDFB2E" box="[46,1746,1145,1166]" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFBC3939AFB2E" box="[294,421,1145,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.05–2.52</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FBC39007FB2E" box="[441,568,1145,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08–2.84</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FBC390F4FB2E" box="[588,715,1145,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.95–2.42</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FBC39160FB2E" box="[735,863,1145,1166]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.94–2.32</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFBC391CDFB2E" box="[882,1010,1145,1166]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.22–1.50</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFBC396BAFB2E" box="[1030,1157,1145,1166]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.97–2.38</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FBC39727FB2E" box="[1177,1304,1145,1166]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.11–1.36</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FBC39793FB2E" box="[1324,1452,1145,1166]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.86–3.87</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FBC39400FB2E" box="[1471,1599,1145,1166]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08–3.85</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFBC394EDFB2E" box="[1618,1746,1145,1166]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.21–4.22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB2D94EDFB0C" box="[46,1746,1175,1196]" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FB2D932EFB0C" box="[46,273,1175,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
♀♀ (
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFBEFB2D924AFB0C" box="[99,117,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 28)
</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFB2D939AFB0C" box="[294,421,1175,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.23 ± 0.142</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FB2D9007FB0C" box="[441,568,1175,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.23 ± 0.165</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FB2D90F4FB0C" box="[588,715,1175,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08 ± 0.126</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FB2D9160FB0C" box="[735,863,1175,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.12 ± 0.120</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFB2D91CDFB0C" box="[882,1010,1175,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.31 ± 0.092</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFB2D96BAFB0C" box="[1030,1157,1175,1196]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.08 ± 0.113</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FB2D9727FB0C" box="[1177,1304,1175,1196]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.25 ± 0.106</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FB2D9793FB0C" box="[1324,1452,1175,1196]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.19 ± 0.329</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FB2D9400FB0C" box="[1471,1599,1175,1196]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.16 ± 0.185</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFB2D94EDFB0C" box="[1618,1746,1175,1196]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.36 ± 0.197</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB0E94EDFB69" box="[46,1746,1204,1225]" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFB0E939AFB69" box="[294,421,1204,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.02–2.52</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FB0E9007FB69" box="[441,568,1204,1225]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.91–2.55</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FB0E90F4FB69" box="[588,715,1204,1225]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.85–2.32</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FB0E9160FB69" box="[735,863,1204,1225]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.93–2.44</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFB0E91CDFB69" box="[882,1010,1204,1225]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.17–1.62</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFB0E96BAFB69" box="[1030,1157,1204,1225]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.87–2.29</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FB0E9727FB69" box="[1177,1304,1204,1225]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.11–1.55</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FB0E9793FB69" box="[1324,1452,1204,1225]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.52–3.69</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FB0E9400FB69" box="[1471,1599,1204,1225]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.87–2.46</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFB0E94EDFB69" box="[1618,1746,1204,1225]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.04–2.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB6B94EDFB46" box="[46,1746,1233,1254]" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FB6B932EFB46" box="[46,273,1233,1254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">Clade C</th>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FB5494EDFAA3" box="[46,1746,1262,1283]" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
<th id="D428B10FFF92002FFFF3FB54932EFAA3" box="[46,273,1262,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
♀♀ (
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF92FFDDFFBEFB54924AFAA3" box="[99,117,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">N</emphasis>
= 9)
</th>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFB54939AFAA3" box="[294,421,1262,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.35 ± 0.364</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FB549007FAA3" box="[441,568,1262,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.36 ± 0.158</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FB5490F4FAA3" box="[588,715,1262,1283]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.19 ± 0.083</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FB549160FAA3" box="[735,863,1262,1283]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.14 ± 0.153</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFB5491CDFAA3" box="[882,1010,1262,1283]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.34 ± 0.050</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFB5496BAFAA3" box="[1030,1157,1262,1283]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.18 ± 0.089</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FB549727FAA3" box="[1177,1304,1262,1283]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.27 ± 0.098</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FB549793FAA3" box="[1324,1452,1262,1283]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3.25 ± 0.364</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FB549400FAA3" box="[1471,1599,1262,1283]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.41 ± 0.321</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFB5494EDFAA3" box="[1618,1746,1262,1283]" gridcol="10" gridrow="21" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.54 ± 0.268</td>
</tr>
<tr id="97F9D873FF92002FFFF3FAB694EDFA81" box="[46,1746,1292,1313]" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFEFBFAB6939AFA81" box="[294,421,1292,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.28–2.40</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFE64FAB69007FA81" box="[441,568,1292,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.14–2.68</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD91FAB690F4FA81" box="[588,715,1292,1313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.03–2.29</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFD02FAB69160FA81" box="[735,863,1292,1313]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.88–2.40</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFCAFFAB691CDFA81" box="[882,1010,1292,1313]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.27–1.42</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFBDBFAB696BAFA81" box="[1030,1157,1292,1313]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.01–2.30</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFB44FAB69727FA81" box="[1177,1304,1292,1313]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.15–1.45</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFAF1FAB69793FA81" box="[1324,1452,1292,1313]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.67–3.87</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FFA62FAB69400FA81" box="[1471,1599,1292,1313]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1.92–3.02</td>
<td id="D428B10FFF92002FF98FFAB694EDFA81" box="[1618,1746,1292,1313]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2.26–3.00</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF92FFDDFFF3FAFC9353F9E5" blockId="13.[46,1746,1348,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">
MD M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF92FFDDFFA9FAFE9244FAF0" attach="right" box="[116,123,1348,1360]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2</superScript>
, mesiodistal length of second upper molar, taken in line with the toothrow at the level of the buccal cingulum; BL M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF92FFDDFAA2FAFE97B9FAF0" attach="right" box="[1407,1414,1348,1360]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">2</superScript>
, buccolingual length of second upper molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; BL M 
<superScript id="DEBC7779FF92FFDDFC80FAD8915BFACE" attach="left" box="[861,868,1378,1390]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</superScript>
, buccolingual length of third upper molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point. MD m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFEF3FA30930AFA36" attach="left" box="[302,309,1418,1430]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
, mesiodistal length of first lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFCDFFA309136FA36" attach="left" box="[770,777,1418,1430]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
), taken in line with the toothrow at the level of the buccal cingulum; BL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDF9E5FA309400FA36" attach="left" box="[1592,1599,1418,1430]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
, buccolingual length of first lower molar, taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; MD m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFBCCFA1D9627FA13" attach="left" box="[1041,1048,1447,1459]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
, mesiodistal length of third lower molar, taken in line with the toothrow at the widest point; BL m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFE71FA7F938CFA71" attach="left" box="[428,435,1477,1489]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
, buccolingual length of third lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFC44FA7F919FFA71" attach="left" box="[921,928,1477,1489]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
), taken perpendicular to the toothrow at the widest point; DMB c, depth of mandibular base at level of canine, taken perpendicular along the buccal surface from the dorsal edge of the cingulum to edge of the base; DMB m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDF9B9FA589454FA4E" attach="right" box="[1636,1643,1506,1518]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
, depth of mandibular base at level of first lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFDE9FA459004F9AB" attach="left" box="[564,571,1535,1547]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
), taken perpendicular along the buccal surface from the anterior-most portion of the cingulum to edge of the base; DMB m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFF62F9A792F9F989" attach="left" box="[191,198,1565,1577]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
, depth of mandibular base at level of third lower molar (m 
<subScript id="B54DD874FF92FFDDFC9DF9A79178F989" attach="left" box="[832,839,1565,1577]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
), taken perpendicular along the buccal surface from the anterior-most portion of the cingulum to edge of the base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DB68AB9FF91FFDEFF7BFAEF90C2FA60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5364301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5364301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5364301/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" startId="14.[166,245,1365,1384]" targetBox="[389,1221,193,1335]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF91FFDEFF7BFAEF90C2FA60" blockId="14.[166,1444,1365,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFF7BFAEF9331FAC8" bold="true" box="[166,270,1365,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Different views of skull and mandible of neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF91FFDEFC93FAEF9663FAC8" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[846,1116,1365,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFC93FAEF9663FAC8" box="[846,1116,1365,1384]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 175972, female) from Province de Fianarantsoa, Parc National de l’Isalo, along Sahanafa River. Dorsal view of cranium (upper row, left), ventral view of cranium (upper row, right), and lateral view of cranium and mandible (lower row). (Photographs taken by J. Weinstein, Field Museum image number Z95239_007d.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2976DA31FF91FFDEFF7BF9FE979CF8CD" blockId="14.[166,781,1604,1902]" lastBlockId="14.[828,1443,1604,1902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">
be recognized as a distinct species under the evolutionary species concept (
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFE19F9D9904EF9D9" author="Simpson GG" box="[452,625,1635,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" refId="ref15122" refString="Simpson GG. 1961. Principles of animal taxonomy. New York: Columbia University Press." type="book" year="1961">Simpson, 1961</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFD5DF9D99137F9D8" author="Wiley EO" box="[640,776,1635,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="86 - 87" refId="ref15583" refString="Wiley EO. 1981. Remarks on Willis' species concept. Systematic Zoology 30: 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1981">Wiley, 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFF7BF9389365F938" author="Templeton AR" box="[166,346,1666,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref15219" refString="Templeton AR. 1989. The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. In: Otte D, Endler JA, eds. Speciation and its consequences. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer, 3 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1989">Templeton, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), phylogenetic species concept (
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFD76F9389363F915" author="Eldredge N &amp; Cracraft J" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" refId="ref13517" refString="Eldredge N, Cracraft J. 1980. Phylogenetic patterns and the evolutionary process. New York: Columbia University Press." type="book" year="1980">Eldredge &amp; Cracraft, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFEBAF91A903CF916" author="Cracraft J" box="[359,515,1696,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="159 - 187" refId="ref13379" refString="Cracraft J. 1983. Species concepts and speciation analysis. In: Johnston RF, ed. Current ornithology, Vol. I. New York: Plenum Press, 159 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1983">Cracraft, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), and the genetic species concept (
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFED6F9059028F975" author="Bradley RD &amp; Baker RJ" box="[267,535,1727,1749]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="960 - 973" refId="ref13246" refString="Bradley RD, Baker RJ. 2001. A test of the genetic species concept: cytochrome-b sequences and mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 960 - 973." type="journal article" year="2001">Bradley &amp; Baker, 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFDBDF90590A2F974" box="[608,669,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Cyt b</emphasis>
sequence variation observed between clade A and 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF91FFDEFDB5F9649132F953" baseAuthorityName="Sabatier &amp; Legendre" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[616,781,1758,1779]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFDB5F9649132F953" box="[616,781,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">H. commersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clades B and C) exceeds that recorded for other Afro- Malagasy bats. For example, 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFDD7F8A19074F890" box="[522,587,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Cyt b</emphasis>
sequence divergence separating 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF91FFDEFEB7F8839071F8EE" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[362,590,1849,1870]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFEB7F8839071F8EE" box="[362,590,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Chaerephon pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF91FFDEFD5AF883930EF8CD" baseAuthorityName="A.Grandidier" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Chaerephon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFD5AF883930EF8CD" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Chaerephon leucogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from congeners ranges from only 1.3–2.3% (
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFC69F9FE9692F9FB" author="Goodman SM &amp; Buccas W &amp; Naidoo T &amp; Ratrimomanarivo F &amp; Taylor PJ &amp; Lamb J" box="[948,1197,1604,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref13808" refString="Goodman SM, Buccas W, Naidoo T, Ratrimomanarivo F, Taylor PJ, Lamb J. 2010. Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon ' pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar. Zootaxa 2551: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2010">
Goodman 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFBF6F9FF9664F9F9" box="[1067,1115,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), and species belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="EEC9A1B2FF91FFDEFC6CF9D996E5F9D8" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1878" box="[945,1242,1635,1656]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildebrandtii">
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFC6CF9D996E5F9D8" box="[945,1242,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">Rhinolophus hildebrandtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex differ by 7.7–9.0% (
<bibRefCitation id="4D58A7C0FF91FFDEFC6EF93896B8F938" author="Taylor PJ &amp; Stoffberg S &amp; Monadjem A &amp; Schoeman MC &amp; Bayliss J &amp; Cotterill FP" box="[947,1159,1666,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="442" pagination="41744" refId="ref15171" refString="Taylor PJ, Stoffberg S, Monadjem A, Schoeman MC, Bayliss J, Cotterill FP. 2012. Four new bat species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago. PLoS ONE 7: e 41744." type="journal article" year="2012">
Taylor 
<emphasis id="1BBD0623FF91FFDEFBD8F938960AF937" box="[1029,1077,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The 9–11% average sequence divergence separating clade A from clades B and C is thus strong evidence for clade A representing a distinct species. The 6% sequence variation between clades B and C is also not trivial and highlights the need for further fine-scale phylogeographical study to clearly identify and understand the processes underpinning the evolution of these cryptic taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>