209 lines
18 KiB
XML
209 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249529" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-37-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574842" ID-ZooBank="6F9DA9D1500045DBAB0E5212EF158781" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BD6E416-FF8F-4FDC-8581-9C97B061BA2A" ModsDocID="1314-2607-37-1" checkinTime="1621553268717" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Whitfield, James B., Smith, M. Alex, Braet, Yves, Hallwachs, Winnie & Janzen, Daniel H." docDate="2014" docId="A14CDD674A19BFB8A2C83ED0E81E9AF1" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 37" docPubDate="2014-03-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748" docTitle="Prasmodon subfuscus Fernandez-Triana & Whitfield 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8BD6E416-FF8F-4FDC-8581-9C97B061BA2A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E" masterDocTitle="Review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1643519239053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N 1 G 2 W 1 Canada & Canadian National Collection of Insects, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K 1 A 0 C 6 Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N 1 G 2 W 1 Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Braet, Yves</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Unite d'Entomologie fonctionnelle et evolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Universite de Liege, B- 1030 Gembloux, Belgique; and Departement d'entomologie, IRSNB, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - 6018 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - 6018 USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2014-03-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>37</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.37.6748</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-37-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6F9DA9D1500045DBAB0E5212EF158781</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AB6FFFF7C356DC6FEE3D3E53002B833E</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574842</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249529" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BD6E416-FF8F-4FDC-8581-9C97B061BA2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A14CDD674A19BFB8A2C83ED0E81E9AF1" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8BD6E416-FF8F-4FDC-8581-9C97B061BA2A" authority="Fernández-Triana & Whitfield" authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Whitfield" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prasmodon subfuscus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
Prasmodon subfuscus
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Whitfield
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 76-81</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Silva Jardim.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">#1 in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. BRAZIL, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Silva Jardim, viii.1974, F. M. Oliveira. 2. DNA Voucher CNCHYM 01961.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 4.5-4.6 mm. Fore wing length 5.1-5.2 mm. Body color: meso- and metasoma with brown to black areas, metasoma with most of tergites 2-8 dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 77, 80, 81</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scape color: partially dark brown to black (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flagellomeres color: all flagellomeres brown to black (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegula and humeral complex color: tegula pale, humeral complex dark. Metatibia color: posterior 0.1-0.3 dark brown to black (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatibia spurs color: yellow-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing color pattern: uniformly and entirely infumate (except for small hyaline area near veins (RS+M)b and 2M). Fore wing veins color: all veins dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pterostigma color: entirely dark brown. Hypostomal carina: highly raised (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutoscutellar sulcus: with 5 impressions. Hind wing subbasal cell: mostly without setae. Hind tarsal claws: with pectination (teeth) very irregular in spacing and length. Shape of mediotergite 1: distinctly narrowing posteriorly, width at posterior margin clearly less than width at anterior margin and median width (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="Figures 76–81" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figures 76-81.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Whitfield" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Prasmodon subfuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">76</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">77</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">78</emphasis>
|
||
Metatibia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">79</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">80</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">81</emphasis>
|
||
Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 0.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="biology and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
From Latin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“subfuscus”">"subfuscus"</normalizedToken>
|
||
=brownish, referring to the extensive brown coloration of the species, by far the least yellow of all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Prasmodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
This species, only known from a single male, was collected in the same locality and on the same date as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Whitfield" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvatlanticus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Prasmodon silvatlanticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known only
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a single female. Both specimens are morphologically distinct, with different coloration of mesosoma, mediotergite 1, metacoxa, and trochanter (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 70, 73, 75</figureCitation>
|
||
vs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 76–81" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 76 - 81. Prasmodon subfuscus. 76 Habitus 77 Fore wing 78 Metatibia 79 Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view 80 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 81 Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11943" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 76, 80, 81</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as shape of mediotergite 2. We have not found sexual di
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">morphism</pageBreakToken>
|
||
among any of the known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Prasmodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(other than slight variations in the color of apical flagellomeres), and thus we do not think that the differences observed represent sexual dimorphism within a single species. Further evidence to consider those two specimens as separate species is provided by DNA barcoding; even though only short sequences (164 bp) could be recovered from both of them, they differed by 15 bp (9.5%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The exact collection locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana & Whitfield" authorityYear="2014" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Prasmodon subfuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not clear from the original labels. "Silva Jardim" is a municipality of 938 km2 in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Within the municipality is located the "Reserva Biologica de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Poço">Poco</normalizedToken>
|
||
das Antas", the largest lowland Atlantic Forest reserve in the state of Rio de Janeiro, containing 50 km2 of mostly secondary, evergreen forest. The area is very diverse (e.g., it contains at least 365 plant and 77 mammal species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal for Nature Conservation" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="219 - 228" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.jnc.2004.09.001" refId="B3" refString="Brito, D, Oliveira, LC, Mello, MAR, 2004. An overview of mammalian conservation at Poco das Antas Biological Reserve, southeastern Brazil. Journal for Nature Conservation 12 (4): 219 - 228, 10.1016/j.jnc.2004.09.001" title="An overview of mammalian conservation at Poco das Antas Biological Reserve, southeastern Brazil." url="10.1016/j.jnc.2004.09.001" volume="12" year="2004">Brito et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This Atlantic Forest is one of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="planet’s">planet's</normalizedToken>
|
||
biodiversity hotspots, with an extremely diverse and unique mix of forest types (http://www.conservation.org/where/priority_areas/hotspots/Pages/hotspots_main.aspx). Thus, it is no surprise that two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1965" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Prasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Prasmodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur in that region, just as multiple species do in the ACG rain forest in Costa Rica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |