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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.136.1914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e37f739-024b-4e12-a7e0-1aaaaf571dfc" ID-PMC="PMC3229288" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-136-47" ID-PubMed="22140348" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-136-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 136" ModsDocTitle="Larvae and a new species of Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Palawan, Philippines, using DNA sequences for the assignment of the developmental stages" checkinTime="1451249787770" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Freitag, Hendrik &amp; Balke, Michael" docDate="2011" docId="A0134A61DB2E74267EC94E0F6C25D0EE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 136: 47-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 136" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.136.1914" docTitle="Ancyronyx minerva Freitag &amp; Jaech 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FF89FF98C22CFFB4FFFBFFDEF932FFB9" masterDocTitle="Larvae and a new species of Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Palawan, Philippines, using DNA sequences for the assignment of the developmental stages" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668152392941" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Larvae and a new species of Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Palawan, Philippines, using DNA sequences for the assignment of the developmental stages</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Freitag, Hendrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Balke, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>136</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>47</mods:start>
<mods:end>82</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.136.1914</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.136.1914</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-136-47</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0134A61DB2E74267EC94E0F6C25D0EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0134A61DB2E74267EC94E0F6C25D0EE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ancyronyx_minerva" authority="Freitag &amp; Jaech, 2007" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Jaech" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx minerva" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">
Ancyronyx minerva Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007
</taxonomicName>
Figs 311
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx minerva" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">Ancyronyx minerva</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007: 50-53 (adult description);
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Freitag and Pangantihon 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 133 (first record Mindoro).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
2L (0.21, 0.24) (PCSD) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, P. Princesa Panaguman R., Marufinas
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="10.2525">10°15'09&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.9675">118°58'03&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
15.6.2001, leg. Freitag (PR1)C-R&quot;.1♀ (CFP) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, P.Princesa; Concepcion, Tagpaya, Camp Aga, Taranaban R. trib.; mount.creek c.8km upstr. Highw., dist. prim. forest; riffle; rocks, boulders, roots; c.450m asl
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.083333">10°05'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.01667">119°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 26.4.1995 leg. Pangantihon (16f)M&quot;; 2L (0.28, 0.29) (CFP) &quot;PHIL.:Palawan, P.Princesa, Sta. Cruz, Calatobong Riv., Nat.Highw. km29; rocks CPOM, riffe &amp; side pools; heavy metal soil,sec.veget.,25m asl,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.944722">9°56'41&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.748886">118°44'56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
14.11.1995, leg.Freitag (124)&quot;; 42 exs, 3L (0.27, 0.28, 0.30) (PCSD, NMW) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, P. Princesa, Iwahig, Balsahan Riv., upstr.dam; riffle, boulders, gravel, wood, moss;
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.776667">9°46'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.665276">118°39'55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
24.1.1995, leg. Freitag (20)M&quot;; 2L (2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.27) (CFP) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, P. Princesa, Irawan River, 6km NW of PPC, 2km upstream of water plant
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.816667">9°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.65">118°39'E</geoCoordinate>
06.4.1994, leg. Freitag (60)M&quot;; 1L (0.27) (ZSM [FR025]) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, P. Princesa, Iwahig, Salomon Riv.; rural near sec. forest, riffle, boulders, gravel, wood;
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.783055">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="53" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
°46'59&quot;N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.68139">118°40'53&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
24.1.1994, leg. Freitag (159)M&quot;; 2♂♂, 1♀, 4exs., 1 L (0.26) (CFP) &quot;PHIL: Palawan, P.Princesa, Bgy. Montible, rd. km 29, Iwahig River, big mount. river, boulders, CPOM;
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.688889">9°41'20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.624725">118°37'29&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
24.11.2007, leg. Freitag (130)M&quot;; 1♀, 4 exs., 1 L (0.24) (ZSM [FR001], ZMUC) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Aborlan; Cabigaan, Talakaigan R.; mount.Riv. upst.dam, riffle, rocks, boulders, CPOM, forest, c.50m asl,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.447223">9°26'50&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.446945">118°26'49&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
25.2.1995, leg. Freitag (154)M&quot;; 2♂♂, 1♀, 11 L (2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.22, 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.25, 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.26, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.27, 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.28) (SMTD) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Narra, 7 km N town centre, downstr. Estrella Falls, mountain riv.; sec. forest; gravel, boulders, submerged wood, riffle; c. 50m asl., c.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.333333">9°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="118.38333">118°23'E</geoCoordinate>
16.4.2010, leg. Freitag &amp; Pangantihon (180a)&quot;; 12 exs. (CFP) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Narra, 5 km W town proper, Taritien River, riffle, boulders, leaf litter; c. 100m asl.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.319722">9°19'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.37639">118°22'35&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
17.4.2010, leg. Freitag et al. (182a)&quot;; 1♂ (CFP) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Rizal, Campung-ulay, Kalitawan Riv.; HW km 212.2, sec. veget/forest; slightly polluted, submerged wood in run, c. 30m asl.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.319722">9°19'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.37639">118°22'35&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
02.7.2010, leg. Freitag (186)&quot;; 7 exs. (ZSM) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Rizal, Ransang, Ransang Riv., E of HW km 223; sec. veget. Caingin; submerged wood, c. 50m asl.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.319722">9°19'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.37639">118°22'35&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
02.7.2010, leg. Freitag (184b)&quot;; 1♀ (CFP) &quot;PHIL.: Palawan, Rizal, Punta Baja, Malambunga Riv.; HW km 202.1, farmland; submerged wood in run, c. 10m asl.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="9.319722">9°19'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.37639">118°22'35&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
02.7.2010, leg. Freitag (187a)&quot;;
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="54" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
3-10. Habitus of 3
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx minerva" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">Ancyronyx minerva</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva, 4
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx punkti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punkti">Ancyronyx punkti</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva, 5
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx pseudopatrolus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudopatrolus">Ancyronyx pseudopatrolus</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva, 6
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx patrolus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patrolus">Ancyronyx patrolus</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva, 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx montanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Ancyronyx montanus</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp; Balke, sp. n., adult, 8
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx montanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanus">Ancyronyx montanus</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp; Balke, sp. n., larva, 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx procerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procerus">Ancyronyx procerus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 1994, larva, 10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx helgeschneideri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helgeschneideri">Ancyronyx helgeschneideri</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" type="larval description (based on 6th instar)">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Larval description (based on 6th instar).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">
Colour as in Fig. 3, predominantly dark-brown; legs, antennae, posterior and lateral head portions yellowish. Most anterior portion of pronotum with yellowish band reaching up to the lateral margins, this pale band slightly extended posteriad along the midline. Meso- and metanotum and abdominal segments at medioposterior margin with broadly subtriangular yellow pattern.
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="55" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
light colour pattern might by present or lacking at the apex of abdominal segment IX, but never extends anteriad up to more than 0.2 posterior.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
HW c. 0.27 mm; entire larva about 3.0 mm long. Body torpedo-like elongate, subsemicircular in cross section, dorsally vaulted, ventrally almost flat. Posterolateral margins of abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
moderately produced (Fig. 11A). These projections either not, or only slightly overreaching posterior segment margins. Posterolateral edge of these projections with long posteriad-directed trichoid tooth, overreaching middle of subsequent abdominal segment when that retracted (11B). Spiracles (Figs 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
) present laterally on mesothorax and abdominal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
, surrounded by glabrous areas. Dorsal side densely covered with setiferous tubercles (Fig. 11B). Ventral
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="56" start="start">side</pageBreakToken>
smoother, with scattered setae (Fig. 11D). Retractable portions of body segments without setae and tubercles (Figs 11A, E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
Head (Figs 3; 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
) exposed, distinctly prognathous, sides subparallel in posterior half, with lateral clumped, not exposed stemmata in a glabrous area, lined by a irregular row of six long acuminate setae on each side (Fig. 11F). Frontal suture U-shaped, rather inconspicuous; frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Fig. 11G). Clypeus distally glabrous, with subbasal fringe of fasciculate setae originated from tubercles (Fig. 11G). Ventral side (Fig. 11H) with almost glabrous median portion, lateroposteriorly with tubercles. Gula with concentrically arranged asperities. Antenna (Fig. 11I) three-segmented, c. 1/3 as long as head, basally connected to a segment-like membranous peduncle. Peduncle stout, bald, partly retracted into head capsule; scape slightly longer than peduncle about as long as broad, with dorsolateral fringe of branched trichoid setae; pedicel cylindrical, more than two times as long as scape and c. three times as long as broad, with few apical trichoid setae; flagellum and sensorium cylindrically elongate, subequal in length; apex of flagellum with cylindrically elongate sensillum. Labrum (Fig. 11G) subrectangular, c. 2.5 times as wide as long, with a subapical fringe of ramose setae and scattered trichoid and truncate (sensory) setae, proximal portion glabrous. Mandibles with distal portion subfalcate; apex tridentate; incisory margin densely setose; outer margin glabrous, with one elongate, ramose squamose seta (Fig. 11I). Maxilla (Figs 11H, I) moderately broad; cardo stout, divided, lateral portion with one median lanceolate seta; stipes subtrapezoidal, glabrous, with few lanceolate and one latero-subapical trichoid seta; maxillary palpus four-segmented, approx. as long as stipes broad, distal segment subglobular with several apical sensilla of various shape; predistal segment with lateroapical trichoid seta; galea and lacinia subequal in length and shape, shorter than palpus, apically with acuminate setae. Labium as in Figs 11H, I; mentum (postmentum) broad (about 1.5 times of stipes), with median groove most depressed posteriorly, with one pair of moderately long trichoid setae sublaterally at anterior 0.25, one pair of subbasal spinose setae and one pair of short subapical lateral spines; submentum (prementum) short, subrectangular, with one laterobasal pair of setae; ligula inconspicuous with various setae and pegs; labial palpi short, with short and stout palpifer; apical segment similar to that of maxillary palpi, preapical segment with lateral tuft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
Pro-, meso- and metathorax (Figs 3; 11E, F) subtrapezoidal, slightly narrower anteriorly, broader than long; with lateral rim distinctly produced laterad. Pronotum longest, with rather inconspicuous round signa (glabrous areas) in posterior half. Meso- and metathorax distinctly shorter than prothorax. Venter of prothorax (Fig. 11E) with five sclerites: two oblique anterior (fused episternum and basisternum), two lateral (pleuron), and one posteromedial sclerite (sternellum), posterior portions of lateral sclerites strongly extended mesad, meeting posteromedial sclerite; posteromedial sclerite with posterior fringe of short setae; procoxal cavity closed posteriorly; anterior and lateral portions glabrous, few setiferous tubercles in posterior portions. Venter of meso- and metathorax (Fig. 11E) with six sclerites: two large anterior (divided basisternum), two subcircular sclerites anterolateral (divided pleuron), two meso-posterolateral sclerites
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="57" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
divided pleuron); coxal cavities open posteriad; setiferous tubercles sparse on median portion; lateral portions almost glabrous. Posterior margin of anterior sclerites with fringe of setiferous tubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Legs (Figs 11E, F) moderately long (compared to larvae of other genera), but much shorter than in adults, similar in shape and length, with scattered ramose squamose sensilla and additional trichoid sensilla at femora and tibiae. Coxae large, subtrapezoidal; trochanter shorter, subtriangular; femora subconical, broadest distal; tibiae subcylindrical, longest segment, narrower than femur, broadest basally. Claws elongate, strongly bent (basal to distal part in rectangular angle) with one subbasal trichoid tooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
Abdomen (Figs 3; 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
). Segment IX with large, ventral, subtrapezoidal operculum (Fig. 11J). Segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
similar in shape, subrectangular in dorsal view. Retractable anterior portion with squamose asperities (Fig. 11A); posterior margin dorsally and ventrally with a rim of squamose setae (Fig. 11D). Remaining median portions of terga covered with setiferous tubercles, most densely at the sagittal area, forming slightly elevated dorsosagittal carinae at the posterior portions of segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
and the subanterior portion of segment IX (Fig. 11K). Ventral sclerites of segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–VIII">I-VIII</normalizedToken>
subrectangular, increasingly fused with pleural sclerites from 1st to 8th segment (pleural sclerites not distinguishable in segments VII and VIII); ventral sclerite of segment I with sagittal ridge in anterior third (Fig. 11E). Segment IX (Figs 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
) elongate, conical, apex not emarginate. Operculum (Fig. 11J) c. double as long as broad, medially depressed, rugose, laterally with rim of trichoid setae, with a pair of hooks inserted at median dorsal (inner) side (Fig. 11L). Gill chamber with long, ramose gill tufts overreaching the opercular margin (Fig. 11L).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Ancyronyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancyronyx minerva" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minerva">Ancyronyx minerva</taxonomicName>
Freitag &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäch">Jaech</normalizedToken>
, 2007, larva (SEM photographs), A abdominal segments, lateral, with posterolateral projections and spiracles, B posterior portion of metanotum and first abdominal segment, dorsal, with different setae, posterolateral trichoid tooth and spiracle, C abdominal spiracle, D posterolateral detail of abdominal segment V, dorsal, with different types of setae, E thoracic and first abdominal segments, ventra, F head and pronotum, lateral, G head, dorsal, H head, ventral, I antenna and distal parts of maxilla, labium and mandible, ventral, J operculum, ventral, K abdominal segments VIII and IX, dorsal, L distal portion of abdominal segment IX, lateral, with opened operculum, abdominal gill chamber and terminal hooks.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="variation between larval instars">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Variation between larval instars.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Almost the entire material studied belongs to the final instar stage. The two presumably prefinal instar specimens do not vary conspicuously from the description above. The legs appear slightly broader and shorter in relation to the body and their setae patterns are slightly different.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Only known from Palawan and Mindoro (Freitag &amp; Pangantihon, 2010).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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