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<mods:title id="3F3E65C0434BF406EDAD5FB859E57456">Taxonomic revision of Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscarón: reassignment of Austrosimulium colboi and description of P. obcidens n. sp. from Western Australia</mods:title>
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<heading id="4E1F81B0FFF0FFE9ADF6520AFCD1B264" bold="true" box="[151,796,1378,1405]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF6520AFCD1B264" authority="(Davies &amp; Gyorkos), 1988" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[151,796,1378,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
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<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF6520AFE1FB265" bold="true" box="[151,466,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9AC80520BFCD1B264" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." box="[481,796,1379,1405]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös), 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFF0FFE9ADF652EEFED2B287" box="[151,287,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="description">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF652EEFED2B287" blockId="2.[151,796,1378,1438]" box="[151,287,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF0FFE9ADFF52EEFEDAB287" box="[158,279,1414,1438]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStart-3="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStart-4="FIGURES 24 – 25" captionStart-5="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStart-6="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStart-7="FIGURES 41, 42" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionStartId-6="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionStartId-7="12.[151,264,1477,1500]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetBox-3="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetBox-4="[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetBox-5="[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetBox-6="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1435,193,1456]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetId-6="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId-7="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionTargetPageId-7="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 11. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 24 – 25. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. FIGURES 26 – 29. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. (24) Ventral plate &amp; parameres (slide mounted). Abbreviations: b a—basal arm, m s—median sclerite, p—paramere, s—spines, v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (25) Gonocoxa—gc, gonostylus—gs. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (26) Pupa and cocoon. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (27) Pharate gill, slightly expanded. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (28) Female cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Male cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 30 – 31. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. FIGURES 32 – 34. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (30) Thoracic cuticle. Arrowhead indicates basal fenestra. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (31) Abdominal terminal spines &amp; grapnel hooks. NB: cocoon silk entangled in grapnel hooks &amp; small terminal spines (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (32) Last instar larva, habitus. Scale bar = 1. 0 mm. (33) Head. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-6="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." captionText-7="FIGURES 41, 42. Paraustrosimulium colboi habitats. FIGURES 43, 44. Paraustrosimulium obcidens holotype. (41) Earl's Culvert, Lodge Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.16957 º E 142.34879 º, 244 mabs, 10 – vii – 2011. (42) Culvert stream, Glenelg Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.18138 º E 142.37428 º, 228 mabs, 10 – ix – 2014. (43) Holotype, habitus (dried), (Styx River). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (44) Holotype labels." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1051846/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/1051848/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/1051852/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Figs. 1–42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF652A5FD7EB2FA" ID-CoL="JY5P" authority="Davies &amp; Gyorkos, 1988: 111" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,691,1485,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF652A5FEB1B2FA" box="[151,380,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACE352A5FD4FB2FA" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." box="[386,642,1485,1507]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 111
</taxonomicName>
. Original designation. Provisional placement to genus. 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF65284FDF8B11B" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,565,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi" subGenus="Austrosimulium">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF65284FEFBB11B" box="[151,310,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AC245284FDF8B11B" box="[325,565,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium) colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AF575284FDF7B11B" box="[566,570,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9AF5E5284FD14B11B" author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[575,729,1516,1538]" editor="Evenhuis, N. L." journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu &amp; E. J. Brill, Leiden" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="221 - 225" part="86" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1989) Chapter 24. Simuliidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Region. Bishop Museum. Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu &amp; E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 221 - 225." title="Chapter 24. Simuliidae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Region. Bishop Museum. Special Publication" year="1989">Crosskey 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 221.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF65163FCD7B126" blockId="2.[151,1335,1485,1753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF65163FEB1B138" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,380,1547,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF65163FEB1B138" box="[151,380,1547,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACE95163FD5BB138" author="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M." bookContentInfo="144 pp." box="[392,662,1547,1569]" journalOrPublisher="London. The Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (1997) A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies. London. The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." title="A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies" type="book" year="1997">Crosskey &amp; Howard 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 26. Unplaced to subgenus. 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF65141FDF8B126" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,565,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi" subGenus="Austrosimulium">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF65141FEFBB126" box="[151,310,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AC245141FDF8B126" box="[325,565,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium) colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AF575141FDF7B126" box="[566,570,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9AF5E5141FD2EB126" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[575,739,1577,1599]" editor="Wells, A." journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Australia, Melbourne" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="325 - 337" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. &amp; Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Australia, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." title="Simuliidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1" year="1999">Bugledich 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 330.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF65120FD90B147" blockId="2.[151,1335,1485,1753]" box="[151,605,1608,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADC35120FE4AB147" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[162,391,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADC35120FE4AB147" box="[162,391,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACFE5120FDFFB147" author="Moulton, J. K." box="[415,562,1608,1630]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="45 - 57" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00397-4" refString="Moulton, J. K. (2003) Can the current molecular arsenal adequately track rapid divergence events within Simuliidae (Diptera)? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 27, 45 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (02) 00397 - 4" title="Can the current molecular arsenal adequately track rapid divergence events within Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2003">Moulton 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 47.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF6510EFDA6B182" blockId="2.[151,1335,1485,1753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF6510EFEB1B165" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,380,1638,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF6510EFEB1B165" box="[151,380,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACE9510EFD5BB165" author="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M." bookContentInfo="178 pp." box="[392,662,1638,1660]" journalOrPublisher="The Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Howard, T. M. (2004) A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London, 178 pp." title="A revised taxonomic and geographical inventory of world blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)" type="book" year="2004">Crosskey &amp; Howard 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 18. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9AFA4510EFC74B165" author="Adler, P. H. &amp; Crosskey, R. W." box="[709,953,1638,1660]" journalOrPublisher="Available from: http: // blackflies. info / sites / blackflies. info / files / u 13 / SIMULIIDAE _ INVENTORY __ NEW _ VERSION _ 20 09. pdf (accessed 5 September 2017)" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 109" part="2009" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Crosskey, R. W. (2009) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory [2009]. 1 - 109. Available from: http: // blackflies. info / sites / blackflies. info / files / u 13 / SIMULIIDAE _ INVENTORY __ NEW _ VERSION _ 20 09. pdf (accessed 5 September 2017)" title="World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory" type="journal article" year="2009">Adler &amp; Crosskey 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 19; 2017: 30. Unplaced to subgenus.? 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADC351EDFE4AB182" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[162,391,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADC351EDFE4AB182" box="[162,391,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACF251EDFD8FB182" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K." box="[403,578,1669,1691]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 336" part="68" publicationUrl="https://biotaxa.org/fnz/article/view/1840/3116" refString="Craig, D. A., Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K. (2012) Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 68, 1 - 336. Available from: https: // biotaxa. org / fnz / article / view / 1840 / 3116 (accessed 5 September 2017)" title="Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Craig 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ACB351EEFDC8B182" box="[466,517,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: 53.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF651CCFD21B1A3" blockId="2.[151,1335,1485,1753]" box="[151,748,1700,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF651CCFEB1B1A3" ID-CoL="JY5P" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,380,1700,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF651CCFEB1B1A3" box="[151,380,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF0FFE9ACE951CCFD78B1A3" author="Hernandez-Triana, L. &amp; Montes De Orca, F. &amp; Prosser, S. W. J. &amp; Herbert, P. D. N. &amp; Gregory, T. R. &amp; McMurtrie, S." box="[392,693,1700,1722]" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="348 - 357" part="60" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0168" refString="Hernandez-Triana, L., Montes De Orca, F., Prosser, S. W. J., Herbert, P. D. N., Gregory, T. R. &amp; McMurtrie, S. (2017) DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome, 60, 348 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / gen- 2015 - 0168" title="DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hernández-Triana 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AF2751CDFDBFB1A3" box="[582,626,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
: 350.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF651ABFD1BB1C0" blockId="2.[151,1335,1485,1753]" box="[151,726,1731,1753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF651ABFE6BB1C0" box="[151,422,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF0FFE9ADF651ABFE6EB1C0" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[151,419,1731,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">Paraustrosimulium colboi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This work, new combination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFF0FFEFADF6506DFB07B135" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="description">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF0FFE9ADF6506DFA51B0EC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1797,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9ADF6506DFE89B007" bold="true" box="[151,324,1797,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AC2A506DFE14B007" box="[331,473,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Adult female</emphasis>
(based on numbers of reared specimen). Body (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF0FFE9AE8C506EFBFDB007" box="[1005,1072,1798,1822]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): general body colour in alcohol evenly blackish brown; total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9AF515042FD71B058" box="[560,700,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.3 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AFA65041FCC9B05B" box="[711,772,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF0FFE9AE725042FC97B05B" box="[787,858,1834,1858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9AED85041FBADB058" box="[953,1120,1833,1858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.585" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.57">0.57–0.60 mm</quantity>
; depth 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9A9D55042FAC3B058" box="[1204,1294,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; postocciput black, hirsute; frons black; frons–head ratio (narrowest width of frons: greatest width of head) 1.0:6.3. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9A83E5026FA59B07C" box="[1375,1428,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Eyes</emphasis>
: slightly bicolourous, interocular distance 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9AF07501AFD04B090" box="[614,713,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
; ommatidia 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9AE385019FC06B090" box="[857,971,1905,1930]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015 mm</quantity>
in diameter; 35–39 rows up and across at mid–eye. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AC6650FDFEACB0B7" box="[263,353,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Clypeus</emphasis>
: black; 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9ACA150FEFDD0B0B7" box="[448,541,1942,1966]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17mm</quantity>
wide; vestiture of sparse black hairs. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9AEB550FEFBFCB0B4" box="[980,1073,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF0FFE9A92050FEFB44B0B7" box="[1089,1161,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF0FFE9A84D50FDFF0AB0C8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.435" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.41">0.41–0.46 mm</quantity>
; pedicel small, scape enlarged, both blackish brown, remainder brown; 8 flagellomeres, basal ones wider than long, distally ones more quadratic, overall tapered, apical flagellomere distinctly so. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9A93E50B5FB2FB0EF" box="[1119,1250,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: substantial, 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF0FFE9A81B50B7FA59B0EF" box="[1402,1428,2015,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">ca</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF1FFE8ADF657F3FA5AB30F" blockId="3.[151,1438,151,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
0.7 length of head depth; maxillary palpus (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AF1C57F3FD0EB7AA" box="[637,707,155,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AE3C57F2FC09B7AB" box="[861,964,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
, articles overall brownish black, 3rd article darker; proportional length of 3rd, 4th and 5th articles 1.0:0.8:1.5; sensory vesicle ovoid, 0.5x width of 3rd article, opening 0.3x width of vesicle; mandible (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AF1A578EFD0EB7E7" box="[635,707,229,254]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), broadly triangular apically, sharply pointed with 48–50 inner teeth and 9–11 finely pointed outer teeth; lacinia (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AFB65662FCD3B63B" box="[727,798,265,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with 13–15 inner teeth and 22–26 outer teeth; cibarial cornuae (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AC615646FE8AB65F" box="[256,327,302,326]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) (partly reconstructed) lacking apical fluting or sculpture, sharply terminated, central depression broad. Cervical sclerites markedly developed (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AFCC563AFD3EB673" box="[685,755,338,362]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AE6C5639FC93B673" box="[781,862,337,362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Thorax</emphasis>
: moderately domed; length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A9C45639FA83B670" box="[1189,1358,337,362]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.88" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.8">0.80–0.96 mm</quantity>
; width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8ADF6561DFEF0B694" box="[151,317,373,398]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.615" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.63 mm</quantity>
; scutum evenly blackish brown, vestiture of evenly distributed recumbent silver hairs; postpronotal lobe with longer hairs; antepronotal lobe with longer hairs; scutellum and postnotum concolourous with scutum; scutellar depression and scutellum with long substantial black hairs; pleuron and anepisternal membrane blackish brown, bare. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AC485689FEB0B6E3" box="[297,381,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Haltere</emphasis>
: dark. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8ACAA568AFDCEB6E0" box="[459,515,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AF73568AFDB2B6E3" box="[530,639,482,506]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
): length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AF81568AFCA4B6E0" box="[736,873,482,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
; width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AEDB568AFB89B6E0" box="[954,1092,482,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
, veins lightly pigmented, costa not extended to wing apex with spiniform setae distally, absent from other veins; radial veins closely applied to costa; basal cell absent; a:b ratio 1.0:2.8. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AF075541FC54B55B" box="[614,921,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Metathoracic furcasternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AEC95542FC30B55B" box="[936,1021,554,578]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): dorsal arm with distinct projection. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8ADF65527FF01B57F" box="[151,204,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8ADB85526FED1B57F" box="[217,284,590,614]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): overall blackish yellow; hind basitarsus about 5.5x as long as its greatest breadth, ventral row of stout spines absent, calcipala as long as wide 0.75x width of basitarsus, pedisulcus present, but not markedly developed (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8ADFF55FEFF3DB5B7" box="[158,240,662,686]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); tarsal claw (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8ACED55FEFE13B5B7" box="[396,478,662,686]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) with moderately developed basal heel and markedly small tooth. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A9A355FDFAE1B5B7" box="[1218,1324,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A85B55FEFA43B5B7" box="[1338,1422,662,686]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): abdominal scale black with dark hairs, not greatly extended; tergite II 
<date id="6156101CFFF1FFE8AEC355D1FC72B5CB" box="[930,959,697,722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">5x</date>
wider than long, shallowly V–shaped, III– V as wide as long, rounded, VI 
<date id="6156101CFFF1FFE8AF7755B6FDFFB5EF" box="[534,562,734,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">2x</date>
wider than long; dorsal vestiture of small black hairs increased in density posteriorly. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AC7C5469FE4AB403" box="[285,391,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Genitalia</emphasis>
: sternite VIII vestiture of sparse coarse black hairs posterolaterally; hypogynial valves (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A80C546AFF79B427" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) short, lightly pigmented with vestiture of sparse short hairs and triads of microtrichia; median edges slightly convex, slightly strengthened along edge, bluntly rounded apically; genital fork (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A9455422FBB5B47B" box="[1060,1144,841,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) with anterior stem broad (not easily observed), but well sclerotized and pigmented narrowly medially, flared anteriorly, lateral arms broad, indications of lateral apodeme (as in 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF1FFE8AF2654F9FD06B4B3" baseAuthorityName="Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscaron" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[583,715,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gigantodax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AF2654F9FD06B4B3" box="[583,715,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Gigantodax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), more distal apodeme (as in 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF1FFE8A94B54F9FB17B4B3" box="[1066,1242,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A94B54F9FB17B4B3" box="[1066,1242,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) present only as ridge, lateral plates large, angular posteromedially, rounded posterolaterally; spermatheca ovoid (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A98154DEFAF8B4D7" box="[1248,1333,949,974]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), surface un–patterned; sparse internal acanthae in pairs and triads; junction of spermathecal duct pigmented and slightly sculpted; cercus (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AC395496FE66B30F" box="[344,427,1022,1046]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) as wide as long, broadly rounded in lateral view, anal lobe shallow, angulate proximally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF1FFE8ADA65349FF19B060" blockId="3.[151,1438,151,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8ADA65349FE89B323" box="[199,324,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Adult male</emphasis>
(reared specimens and others). 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AFD55349FD23B323" box="[692,750,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AF9E534AFC9BB323" box="[767,854,1058,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
): general colour evenly black; total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A8295349FF0AB344" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8ADB0532DFEC0B347" box="[209,269,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AC7A532EFEBDB347" box="[283,368,1094,1118]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
): width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8ACAC532EFDF9B344" box="[461,564,1094,1118]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.89">0.89 mm</quantity>
; depth 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AFE4532DFD12B344" box="[645,735,1093,1118]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
; wider than thorax. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AEDC532EFC3FB344" box="[957,1010,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Eyes</emphasis>
: upper ommatidia very dark red, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A80A532EFF0EB398" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
in diameter, 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AC395302FEBFB398" box="[344,370,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">ca</emphasis>
. 14 across, 20 down; lower ommatidia almost black, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AEB05302FB89B398" box="[977,1092,1130,1154]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.018">0.018 mm</quantity>
in diameter, 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A9B95302FB3EB398" box="[1240,1267,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">ca</emphasis>
. 35 across and 23 down. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AC6753E5FEADB3BF" box="[262,352,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Clypeus</emphasis>
: black; vestiture of very sparse black hairs; 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AE3053E5FC78B3BC" box="[849,949,1165,1190]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A96053E6FB93B3BC" box="[1025,1118,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A90D53E6FB0EB3BF" box="[1132,1219,1166,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
): total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A83C53E5FF32B3D0" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.53" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.51">0.51– 0.55 mm</quantity>
; pedicel longer and wider than other divisions; first flagellomere longer than wide, others subrectangular; non–tapered, markedly narrow in comparison to that of female; scape and pedicel black, first flagellomere dark brown remainder evenly brown; flagellum markedly not hirsute. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AE0E5391FC3FB20B" box="[879,1010,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: poorly developed; length 0.26x head depth; mandibles insubstantial, finely tapered with apical hairs; laciniae as for mandible; maxillary palpus dark brown, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AD8F522DFE8AB245" box="[238,327,1349,1373]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long, proportional lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th articles 1.0:1.1:2.0, sensory vesicle small, occupying 0.33x width of article, opening 0.5x width of vesicle. Cervical sclerites markedly developed. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A9DD5200FAC0B298" box="[1212,1293,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Thorax</emphasis>
: length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A80A5201FF3CB2BD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9– 1.1 mm</quantity>
; width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AC2552E5FE53B2BD" box="[324,414,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; in alcohol, scutum evenly velvety black, vestiture of fine recumbent pale hairs; scutellum and postscutellum concolourous with scutum, coarse long black hairs. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AED152D9FC25B2D1" box="[944,1000,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Wing</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AE9852D9FB4DB2D1" box="[1017,1152,1457,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
in length, 1.0– 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A84A52D9FAB2B2D1" box="[1323,1407,1457,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
in width; otherwise as for female. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AC9652BCFD86B2F4" box="[503,587,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Haltere</emphasis>
: tan. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AFE852BDFD73B2F5" box="[649,702,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Legs</emphasis>
: blackish brown; hind basitarsus about 5.5x as long as its greatest breadth, lacking row of stout spines; tarsal claw (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AFB85291FCE2B108" box="[729,815,1529,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) partially covered by grappling pad of 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A99E5291FAD7B109" box="[1279,1306,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">ca</emphasis>
. 20 hooks, distinct small basal tooth and heel. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AF235174FD61B12C" box="[578,684,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AFDE5175FCD7B12C" box="[703,794,1565,1589]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
): black; abdominal scale with long fine hairs, tergites markedly broad, on tergites II–V hirsute laterally, less so on posterior others. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A97D5128FB4BB140" box="[1052,1158,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Genitalia</emphasis>
: ventral view (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8A8565129FA43B140" box="[1335,1422,1601,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), ventral plate directed ventrally giving appearance of broadly concave apex, 1.5–2.0x wider than long, median keel well developed, with vestiture of fine hairs, plate roughly sculpted laterally; anteromedial depression broadly U to V–shaped, slight central convexity, basal arms short and pigmented (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AECE51C5FBCAB1DC" box="[943,1031,1709,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 25. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. FIGURES 26 – 29. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. (24) Ventral plate &amp; parameres (slide mounted). Abbreviations: b a—basal arm, m s—median sclerite, p—paramere, s—spines, v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (25) Gonocoxa—gc, gonostylus—gs. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (26) Pupa and cocoon. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (27) Pharate gill, slightly expanded. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (28) Female cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Male cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051846/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); median sclerite poorly expressed, broad and slightly divided apically; parameres present, moderately expressed, plate–like, apical rows of small spicules; adeagal membrane with sparse rows of minute microtrichia; gonocoxa 1.7x longer than basal width, markedly coarse black hairs on distal half; gonostylus (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF1FFE8AE455071FCB3B028" box="[804,894,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 25. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. FIGURES 26 – 29. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. (24) Ventral plate &amp; parameres (slide mounted). Abbreviations: b a—basal arm, m s—median sclerite, p—paramere, s—spines, v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (25) Gonocoxa—gc, gonostylus—gs. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (26) Pupa and cocoon. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (27) Pharate gill, slightly expanded. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (28) Female cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Male cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051846/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), approximately 3.0x longer than basal width, apically with 3 substantial terminal spines—variable and occasionally with one spine markedly displaced to outer apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF1FFEFADA650EDFB58B525" blockId="3.[151,1438,151,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1976]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8ADA650EDFECEB085" box="[199,259,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Pupa</emphasis>
(based on numbers of specimens). (Fig. 26). 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8AF9E50ECFCF4B084" box="[767,825,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Body</emphasis>
: length, female 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8AE8E50EDFBB7B085" box="[1007,1146,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
; male 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF1FFE8A9A250EDFA83B085" box="[1219,1358,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.3 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF1FFE8A83650ECFA59B084" box="[1367,1428,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Head</emphasis>
: frontal cephalic plate lacking dorsal depression; ratio of basal width to vertex width of female 1.0:1.5, for basal width to length 1.0:2.3, rounded apically (Fig. 28), male ratios 1.0:1.6 and 1.0:2.3 respectively (Fig. 29); evenly tuberculate, frontal setae absent, facial setae present, but insubstantial, ocular spine absent. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA9C657FFFB35B7A9" box="[1191,1272,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Thorax</emphasis>
. Dorsum with very small tubercles, no pattern (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAF7957D4FDBCB7CD" box="[536,625,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 31. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. FIGURES 32 – 34. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (30) Thoracic cuticle. Arrowhead indicates basal fenestra. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (31) Abdominal terminal spines &amp; grapnel hooks. NB: cocoon silk entangled in grapnel hooks &amp; small terminal spines (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (32) Last instar larva, habitus. Scale bar = 1. 0 mm. (33) Head. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051848/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
); dorsocentral setae spine–like and curled apically. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA9AA57D4FB3AB7CC" box="[1227,1271,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gill</emphasis>
(Fig. 26, 27): basically a single expanded tapered tube directed anteroventrally, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFAE195788FBCFB7EE" box="[888,1026,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
, full length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFA9E65788FB10B7EE" box="[1159,1245,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
at greatest width with 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADB0566DFF21B605" box="[209,236,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">ca</emphasis>
. 19 annulations on the longer anterior portion with 2 or 3 on a stub–like posterior lobe (Fig. 27), fenestra normal (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAD965640FE83B659" box="[247,334,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 31. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. FIGURES 32 – 34. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (30) Thoracic cuticle. Arrowhead indicates basal fenestra. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (31) Abdominal terminal spines &amp; grapnel hooks. NB: cocoon silk entangled in grapnel hooks &amp; small terminal spines (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (32) Last instar larva, habitus. Scale bar = 1. 0 mm. (33) Head. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051848/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), fine filaments absent. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAF02564FFC83B659" box="[611,846,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Abdominal armature</emphasis>
: sternal hooks absent, but sternite VIII with sparse multi–pointed scales; tergites I &amp; II with 4–6 moderately expressed setae; tergite III with four hooks posteriorly per side, 3 or 4 other fine setae, no lateral hook; tergite IV as for III, but with single small hook laterally; tergites V– VIII with markedly poorly–expressed spine comb anteriorly, laterally morphing into low multi–pointed scales, four to five fine setae posteriorly; tergite IX with poorly–expressed broad row of low spines and scales anterad, terminal spines short, not markedly sharp, grapnel hooks well expressed (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAE0956B4FC71B6ED" box="[872,956,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 31" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[191,1396,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 31. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. FIGURES 32 – 34. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (30) Thoracic cuticle. Arrowhead indicates basal fenestra. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (31) Abdominal terminal spines &amp; grapnel hooks. NB: cocoon silk entangled in grapnel hooks &amp; small terminal spines (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (32) Last instar larva, habitus. Scale bar = 1. 0 mm. (33) Head. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051848/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAEB156B5FBEAB6ED" box="[976,1063,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Cocoon</emphasis>
(Fig. 26). Surface smooth, fabric coarsely woven, silk filaments obvious, medium brown; distinctly slipper–shaped fully covering pupa with well defined anterior edge, slight median projection, complete ventral floor, close fitted to pupa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF6FFEFADA65521FB07B135" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADA65521FEC7B579" box="[199,266,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Larva</emphasis>
(based on numbers of last instar larvae). 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAF88552FFCEEB579" box="[745,803,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Body</emphasis>
(Fig. 32): overall grayish brown, stubby (head large in relation the body), thorax and anterior abdomen subequal in diameter, expanded smoothly posteriorly; total length 4.0– 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFADA955F8FEE8B5BE" box="[200,293,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAC5255E7FEA2B5B1" box="[307,367,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Head</emphasis>
(Figs. 33): distinctly bicolourous, background pale translucent yellowish brown, head spots marked, but not strongly pigmented, medial and posterior spots form distinct inverted T, mediolateral spots distinct; most spots with negative centre; probable males have a lighter head pattern than females; head length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFADF65594FE8CB40D" box="[151,321,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.949999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.8999999999999995" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.695" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.69">0.69–0.70 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFACFA5594FD8BB40D" box="[411,582,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.60 mm</quantity>
; distance between antennal bases 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFAEB45594FBB2B40D" box="[981,1151,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3999999999999995" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.33999999999999997" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.38 mm</quantity>
; lateral margins of head smoothly convex, more so posteriorly; cervical sclerites well developed and pigmented, rounded posteriorly but flared anteriorly, not fused to postocciput; anterolateral edges of apotome sharply pigmented; genae with darker 'eye brow' above stemmata. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFACB15400FDE0B466" box="[464,557,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Antenna</emphasis>
(Fig. 34): overall clear pale brown; total length 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFA9255400FB53B466" box="[1092,1182,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; well extended beyond labral fan stem; distal article slightly longer than other two articles combined; proportions of basal, median and distal article 1.0: 0.6: 1.8. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFACDE54C7FDFAB4D1" box="[447,567,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Labral fan</emphasis>
: stem markedly translucent; 62–64 fine rays, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFA95D54C7FB6CB4DE" box="[1084,1185,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
in length, 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFF6FFEFA87B54D8FAB2B4DE" box="[1306,1407,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
in width; microtrichia as long as ray width, distinct pattern with 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAE1A54BDFC58B4F5" box="[891,917,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">ca</emphasis>
. 5 microtrichia decreased rapidly in length. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADF6549FFECEB309" box="[151,259,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAC785490FEBAB309" box="[281,375,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
): apical brush well developed with distinct pigmented base: apical teeth not markedly developed; subapical teeth small, 8–9 spinous teeth; 2 distinct serrations widely separated, sensillum distinct and finely pointed; blade region long, smooth and slightly concave. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAE1F5357FC18B341" box="[894,981,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAE875328FBF2B341" box="[998,1087,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
): lobe markedly cone–shaped, asymmetrical, palp longer than lobe, closely applied, 
<date id="6156101CFFF6FFEFAF8A530CFCCAB365" box="[747,775,1124,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">3x</date>
as long as basal width. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA971530CFB7AB364" box="[1040,1207,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Postgenal cleft</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFA9A4530CFAD7B365" box="[1221,1306,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
): small, but U–shaped with irregular anterior apex, sclerotized posterior tentorial pit cuticle extensive, pits ovoid; ratio of hypostoma, bridge and cleft 1.0:1.9:0.7; suboesophageal ganglion not pigmented. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA92D53C5FB01B3DD" box="[1100,1228,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Hypostoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFA9BC53C4FAFAB3DD" box="[1245,1335,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
): ventral edge as raised dome; 13 teeth, median tooth barely protruded beyond edge, two sublateral teeth smaller and subequal in length, other larger and protruded beyond edge, lateral teeth larger and well protruded, paralateral teeth smaller and sharp, variable expression, no others evident; no hypostomal serrations; four hypostomal setae per side. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADF65254FE95B24C" box="[151,344,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Postgenal bridge</emphasis>
: pale and concolourous with genae. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAF985254FC87B24C" box="[761,842,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Thorax</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAE005254FC78B24D" box="[865,949,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
) anterior prothorax dark brown, remainder paler; pharate pupal gill as black, paddle–shaped horn; annulations of gill concertinaed. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA9145237FB12B261" box="[1141,1247,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Abdomen</emphasis>
: evenly medium brown, darkened posteriorly; abdominal segments expanded smoothly; posteroventral tubercles not markedly developed. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAC7D52CFFE75B2D9" box="[284,440,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Anal papillae</emphasis>
: three simple lobes. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAFD052C1FCA3B2D9" box="[689,878,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Posterior proleg</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFF6FFEFAEE152C0FC17B2D9" box="[896,986,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
): rectal scales absent; anal sclerite X– shaped with median region poorly expressed, anterior arms slightly flared, shorter than posterior arms, interarm struts distinct, posterior arms short; accessory sclerite absent, pigmented semicircular sclerite absent, but clear cuticle evident in that position. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAC99517DFD63B134" box="[504,686,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Posterior circlet</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAFDF517DFD14B135" box="[702,729,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">ca</emphasis>
. 76–80 rows of 11–13 hooks (total 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFA906517DFB4CB135" box="[1127,1153,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">ca</emphasis>
. 930).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFF6FFEFADA6515FFC33B149" box="[199,1022,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF6FFEFADA6515FFC33B149" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1976]" box="[199,1022,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADA6515FFE83B149" bold="true" box="[199,334,1591,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named by 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF6FFEFACAE5150FD3FB149" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." box="[463,754,1592,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös (1988)</bibRefCitation>
after Murray H. Colbo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFF6FFE6ADA65134FAD4B6C9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF6FFEFADA65134FD34B0A1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFADA65134FEDEB16C" bold="true" box="[199,275,1628,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Types.</emphasis>
The original type material as designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF6FFEFAE695134FBA9B16D" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." box="[776,1124,1628,1652]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös (1988: 111)</bibRefCitation>
was stated to be a holotype pharate female with parts mounted on slides. Paratypes of 5 pupae, a pupal exuviae in alcohol with filaments on slides and 2 mature larvae mounted on slides. Label data as &quot;Halls' Gap (37º 07´S/ 142º 07´E) in a slow flowing drain in a grassy forest, 
<date id="6156101CFFF6FFEFACDB51AFFD88B1F9" box="[442,581,1735,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" value="1958-08-26">26.viii.1958</date>
. I. M. Mackerras&quot;. As partially explained by 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFF6FFEFA90351A0FB35B1F9" author="Craig, D. A." box="[1122,1272,1736,1760]" journalOrPublisher="Fly Times" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="4 - 7" part="46" refString="Craig, D. A. (2011) Taxonomist as Sherlock Holmes. Fly Times, 46, 4 - 7." title="Taxonomist as Sherlock Holmes" type="journal article" year="2011">Craig (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, the dissected materials were never permanently mounted on slides and, when recovered, were still in depression slides, in glycerine, of which most had crept out of the depression. Alcohol material was dry—not surprising after some 20 years, or so. Much of the described material by Davies &amp; Györkös (
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAEFF505CFC3FB055" box="[926,1010,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">loc. cit.</emphasis>
) was not recovered. That which was, was badly bleached and essentially useless. Some, however, was stained in Chlorozoal Black and examined to confirm it was of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF6FFEFAC095015FE01B08C" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[360,460,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF6FFEFAC095015FE01B08C" box="[360,460,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, then placed in microvials, pinned, labeled as below and deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), CSIRO, Canberra.
</paragraph>
<caption id="41976654FFF7FFEEADF650FCFB5FB0F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" targetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF7FFEEADF650FCFB5FB0F1" blockId="5.[151,1435,1940,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF7FFEEADF650FCFEF7B0B3" bold="true" box="[151,314,1940,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF7FFEEAC2050FDFD84B0B2" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[321,585,1941,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF7FFEEAC2050FDFD84B0B2" box="[321,585,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFF4FFEDADF650FEFDAFB0F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051840/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" targetBox="[206,1381,193,1921]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF4FFEDADF650FEFDAFB0F3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF4FFEDADF650FEFE88B0B5" bold="true" box="[151,325,1942,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">FIGURES 7–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF4FFEDAC2A50FEFD9EB0B5" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[331,595,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF4FFEDAC2A50FEFD9EB0B5" box="[331,595,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (7) Cibarium. (Partly reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (9) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (10) Metathoracic furcasterum. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (11) Basitarsus, calcipala &amp; pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFF5FFECADF650FEFCDFB0F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" targetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF5FFECADF650FEFCDFB0F3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF5FFECADF650FEFE9EB0B5" bold="true" box="[151,339,1942,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">FIGURES 12–17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF5FFECAC3850FEFDACB0B5" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[345,609,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF5FFECAC3850FEFDACB0B5" box="[345,609,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFFAFFE3ADF650FEFAABB0F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051844/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" targetBox="[222,1380,208,1916]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFAFFE3ADF650FEFAABB0F3" blockId="8.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFAFFE3ADF650FEFE99B0B5" bold="true" box="[151,340,1942,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURES 18–23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFAFFE3AC3B50FEFDAFB0B5" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[346,610,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFAFFE3AC3B50FEFDAFB0B5" box="[346,610,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male. (18) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (19) Head, frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (20) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (21) Claw. Arrow indicates grappling hooks. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (22) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (23) Genitalia, ventral view, cleared, in glycerine. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFFBFFE2ADF65009FD9CB0EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051846/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" targetBox="[224,1363,193,1868]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFBFFE2ADF65009FD9CB0EB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1889,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFBFFE2ADF65009FE9BB06F" bold="true" box="[151,342,1889,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">FIGURES 24–25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFBFFE2AC3F5009FDA5B06E" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[350,616,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFBFFE2AC3F5009FDA5B06E" box="[350,616,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFBFFE2AFD05009FCA2B06F" bold="true" box="[689,879,1889,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">FIGURES 26–29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFBFFE2AE195009FB4FB06E" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[888,1154,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFBFFE2AE195009FB4FB06E" box="[888,1154,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa. (24) Ventral plate &amp; parameres (slide mounted). Abbreviations: b a—basal arm, m s—median sclerite, p—paramere, s—spines, v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (25) Gonocoxa—gc, gonostylus—gs. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (26) Pupa and cocoon. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (27) Pharate gill, slightly expanded. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (28) Female cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Male cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFF8FFE1ADF65007FC38B0FB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051848/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" targetBox="[191,1396,193,1883]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF8FFE1ADF65007FC38B0FB" blockId="10.[151,1437,1903,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF8FFE1ADF65007FE98B09C" bold="true" box="[151,341,1903,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">FIGURES 30–31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF8FFE1AC3A5018FDA9B09F" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[347,612,1904,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF8FFE1AC3A5018FDA9B09F" box="[347,612,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF8FFE1AFCB5007FCA5B09C" bold="true" box="[682,872,1903,1926]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">FIGURES 32–34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF8FFE1AE0E5018FBB5B09F" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[879,1144,1904,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF8FFE1AE0E5018FBB5B09F" box="[879,1144,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva. (30) Thoracic cuticle. Arrowhead indicates basal fenestra. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (31) Abdominal terminal spines &amp; grapnel hooks. NB: cocoon silk entangled in grapnel hooks &amp; small terminal spines (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (32) Last instar larva, habitus. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFF9FFE0ADF6500CFF0BB0CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" targetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFF9FFE0ADF6500CFF0BB0CE" blockId="11.[151,1435,1892,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF9FFE0ADF6500CFE98B063" bold="true" box="[151,341,1892,1915]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">FIGURES 35–40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFF9FFE0AC3A500CFDA9B063" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[347,612,1892,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFF9FFE0AC3A500CFDA9B063" box="[347,612,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="41976654FFFEFFE7ADF652ADFD07B121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051852/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1456]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFEFFE7ADF652ADFD07B121" blockId="12.[151,1436,1477,1592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7ADF652ADFE95B2C2" bold="true" box="[151,344,1477,1500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">FIGURES 41, 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFEFFE7AC0152AEFDA6B2C5" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[352,619,1478,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7AC0152AEFDA6B2C5" box="[352,619,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitats. 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7AFB052ADFC5EB2C2" bold="true" box="[721,915,1477,1500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">FIGURES 43, 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFEFFE7AEFA52AEFB0DB2C5" authorityName="Craig &amp; Moulton &amp; Currie" authorityYear="2017" box="[923,1216,1478,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcidens">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7AEFA52AEFB0DB2C5" box="[923,1216,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Paraustrosimulium obcidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype. (41) Earl's Culvert, Lodge Road, Grampians National Park, S37.16957º E142.34879º, 244 mabs, 10–vii–2011. (42) Culvert stream, Glenelg Road, Grampians National Park, S37.18138º E142.37428º, 228 mabs, 10–ix–2014. (43) Holotype, habitus (dried), (Styx River). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (44) Holotype labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFEFFE7ADA6510CFC22B1DC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1636,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<materialsCitation id="A5803C81FFFEFFE7ADA6510CFC22B1DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675497558" collectingDate="26. viii." collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="I. M. Mackerras &amp; Exam &amp; Stained &amp; Chlorazol Black" county="Female" location="Holo" municipality="Label" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7ADA6510CFEF8B164" box="[199,309,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFEFFE7ADA6510CFEFCB164" box="[199,305,1636,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="FC364E50FFFEFFE7AC5A510DFE43B164" box="[315,398,1637,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Female</collectingCounty>
head and hind legs. 
<collectingMunicipality id="F533ACA6FFFEFFE7AF13510DFD7FB164" box="[626,690,1637,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Label</collectingMunicipality>
data:– [
<location id="10376007FFFEFFE7AE69510DFC8EB164" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D4187CAFFF0FFE6ADF6520AFAACB1A5:10376007FFFEFFE7AE69510DFC8EB164" box="[776,835,1637,1661]" county="Female" municipality="Label" name="Holo" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" stateProvince="Victoria">Holo</location>
–/ 
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFEFFE7AE35510DFC47B164" box="[852,906,1637,1661]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">type</typeStatus>
(red edges)] [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFEFFE7A947510CFAEEB164" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[1062,1315,1636,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7A947510CFAEEB164" box="[1062,1315,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Austrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFFEFFE7A853510DFEF4B1B8" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös 1988</bibRefCitation>
/ 
<collectingRegion id="D72CF83EFFFEFFE7AC2D51E1FE66B1B8" box="[332,427,1673,1697]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="10376007FFFEFFE7ACD951E1FDF9B1B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D4187CAFFF0FFE6ADF6520AFAACB1A5:10376007FFFEFFE7ACD951E1FDF9B1B8" box="[440,564,1673,1697]" county="Female" municipality="Label" name="Hall's Gap" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" stateProvince="Victoria">Hall’s Gap</location>
/ (37° 07’S/142° 07’E)/ 
<collectingDate id="7112E9F4FFFEFFE7AE2E51E0FC54B1B8" box="[847,921,1672,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<date id="6156101CFFFEFFE7AE2E51E0FC54B1B8" box="[847,921,1672,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">26.viii.</date>
</collectingDate>
l958/ 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFEFFE7AE8251E1FB6EB1B8" box="[995,1187,1673,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">I. M. Mackerras</collectorName>
] [
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFEFFE7A9D651E1FB30B1B8" box="[1207,1277,1673,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Exam</collectorName>
/ prep./ DAC, 2011]. 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFEFFE7AD8451C5FEF4B1DC" box="[229,313,1709,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Stained</collectorName>
with 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFEFFE7AC1951C5FDFEB1DC" box="[376,563,1709,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Chlorazol Black</collectorName>
, in glycerine microvial on pin. (
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFEFFE7AEF951C5FC2EB1DC" box="[920,995,1709,1733]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">ANIC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFEFFE7ADA651BAFE25B04C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1636,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7ADA651BAFE8DB1F0" box="[199,320,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFEFFE7ADA651BAFEF1B1F0" box="[199,316,1746,1769]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Labels as for 
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFEFFE7ACBC51B9FD8EB1F0" box="[477,579,1745,1769]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but with [Para–/ 
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFEFFE7AF9F51B9FCFFB1F0" box="[766,818,1745,1769]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">type</typeStatus>
(yellow edges)]. One mature last instar larva, head and pupal gill histoblasts separate, stained with Chlorazol Black, in glycerine microvial on pin. Female hind legs, ex– pupa, not stained, as above. Pupal gills and thoracic cuticle, stained with Chlorazol Black, as above. Four separate pupal gills, as above. (
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFEFFE7ACF05055FE11B04C" box="[401,476,1853,1877]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">ANIC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFEFFE7ADA65008FA50B0FC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1636,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFEFFE7ADA65008FE77B060" bold="true" box="[199,442,1888,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Additional material.</emphasis>
Numerous specimens of larvae, pupae and reared adults. Two reared females and pupal exuviae. 
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFEFFE7AD9D50EDFE87B084" box="[252,330,1925,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">ETOH</collectionCode>
. Label data:– [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFEFFE7AC8B50EDFD0EB084" box="[490,707,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraustrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFEFFE7AFB950EDFCEEB084" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[728,803,1925,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">colboi</taxonomicName>
] [
<collectingCountry id="6DFF764CFFFEFFE7AE5350EDFC6FB084" box="[818,930,1925,1949]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Vic., Grampians Nat. Prk.,/ Syphon Rd Bdg, Glenelg Rv, &quot;Big Cord&quot;,/ 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFEFFE7ACDB50C1FDF8B0D8" box="[442,565,1961,1985]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="-37.31232">S37.31232</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFEFFE7AF2050C0FD06B0D8" box="[577,715,1960,1985]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="142.36711">E142.36711</geoCoordinate>
, 263 mabs, / 
<date id="6156101CFFFEFFE7AE0350C0FC26B0D8" box="[866,1003,1960,1985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="2014-11-26">26–xi–2014</date>
, Coll. D.A.&amp; R.E.G. Craig./ OZV14b] [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFEFFE7ADFC50A5FF3DB0FC" box="[157,240,1997,2021]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">UASM</collectionCode>
#/ 370849]. One reared female and pupal exuviae, as above, but with [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFEFFE7A97850A5FBADB0FC" box="[1049,1120,1997,2021]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">ANIC</collectionCode>
Database No./ 29 026696].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFFFFE6ADF657F0FAD4B6C9" blockId="13.[151,1438,152,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Two tubes, 
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AC7B57F0FEA9B7A9" box="[282,356,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ETOH</collectionCode>
of larvae, pupae, reared male and female. Label data:– [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AEBF57F0FB7AB7A9" box="[990,1207,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraustrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A9AC57F0FAD5B7A9" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[1229,1304,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">colboi</taxonomicName>
] [
<collectingCountry id="6DFF764CFFFFFFE6A84857F0FA54B7A9" box="[1321,1433,152,176]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Vic., Grampians Nat. Park,/ Glenelg Rd, upstream of culvert,/ 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE0657D4FC2EB7CD" box="[871,995,188,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="-37.18138">S37.18138</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE9157D4FBB1B7CD" box="[1008,1148,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="142.37428">E142.37428</geoCoordinate>
, 233 mabs,/ 
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A86E57D4FA55B7CD" box="[1295,1432,188,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2014-09-10">10–ix–2014</date>
, Coll. D.A.&amp; R.E.G. Craig./ OZV12.], one with [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AFD457B7FCC5B7E1" box="[693,776,223,248]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UASM</collectionCode>
/370850] the other [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AE865788FBE3B7E1" box="[999,1070,224,248]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ANIC</collectionCode>
Database No./ 29 026697]. One tube, 
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6ADB7566CFEEEB605" box="[214,291,260,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ETOH</collectionCode>
, larvae, pupae, reared females and males. Label data:– [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AEFE566CFBB5B605" box="[927,1144,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraustrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A9F1566CFB16B605" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[1168,1243,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">colboi</taxonomicName>
] [
<collectingCountry id="6DFF764CFFFFFFE6A98D566CFA91B605" box="[1260,1372,260,284]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Vic., Grampians Nat. Park,/ Lodge Rd, Earl's culvert. 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AFA4564FFC8DB659" box="[709,832,295,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="-37.16957">S37.16957</geoCoordinate>
,/ 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE375640FC2CB659" box="[854,993,296,320]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="142.34879">E142.34879</geoCoordinate>
, 244 mabs, 
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A90D5640FB34B659" box="[1132,1273,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2011-07-11">11–vii–2011</date>
,/ Coll. D.A.&amp; R.E.G. Craig. #8a.] [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6ACE35624FE1BB67D" box="[386,470,332,356]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UASM</collectionCode>
#/ 370851]. One tube, 
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AF865624FCF9B67D" box="[743,820,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ETOH</collectionCode>
, larvae and pupae. Label data:– [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A9D35624FA46B67D" box="[1202,1419,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraustrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6ADF65618FF2FB691" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,226,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">colboi</taxonomicName>
] [
<collectingCountry id="6DFF764CFFFFFFE6AD925618FE59B691" box="[243,404,368,392]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
/ 
<collectingRegion id="D72CF83EFFFFFFE6ACC25618FE32B691" box="[419,511,368,392]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Victoria</collectingRegion>
/ Grampians N. P./ small stream X–ing/ Glenelg River Rd./ 
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A9F45618FAA3B691" box="[1173,1390,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1996-09-28">28 September 1996</date>
/ JK Moulton] [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AC6E56FCFE9BB6B5" box="[271,342,404,428]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ANIC</collectionCode>
Database No./ 29 026698]. Twelve slides of all stages. Label data:- [
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A90756FCFA8DB6B5" box="[1126,1344,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraustrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A82F56FCFA5BB6B5" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[1358,1430,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">colboi</taxonomicName>
/ Aust. 
<collectingRegion id="D72CF83EFFFFFFE6ADBB56D0FEF4B6C9" box="[218,313,440,464]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Victoria</collectingRegion>
, Grampians/ Glenelg River/ 
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6AF1956DFFD39B6C9" box="[632,756,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1966-09-28">28-ix-1966</date>
/ Coll. JK Moulton] [
<collectionCode id="73F9AE19FFFFFFE6AEBE56D0FBFFB6C9" box="[991,1074,440,464]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">UASM</collectionCode>
#/ 370868 -370879].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFFFFFE6ADA656B4FE0AB4BD" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFFFFE6ADA656B4FE44B40C" blockId="13.[151,1438,152,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ADA656B4FEADB6EC" bold="true" box="[199,352,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Distribution.</emphasis>
Details given by 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFFFFFE6AF4656B4FC48B6EC" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." box="[551,901,476,501]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös (1988: 105)</bibRefCitation>
for the original material of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A9DE56B5FAD0B6EC" authorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" box="[1215,1309,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6A9DE56B5FAD0B6EC" box="[1215,1309,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was that it had been collected in 1958 by Ian Mackerras from a site near Halls Gap, Grampians Nation Park, 
<collectingRegion id="D72CF83EFFFFFFE6A85A5568FA57B501" box="[1339,1434,512,536]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Victoria</collectingRegion>
. However, map coordinates given locate that site in the Black Range State Park, some 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFFFFFE6A91C554CFB0AB525" box="[1149,1223,548,572]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
to the west of the Grampians and on checking (DAC pers. obs. 2011), the locality was not associated with running water. We are of the opinion that the longitude minutes given for the 
<typeStatus id="CA53887EFFFFFFE6AF825505FCDEB59D" box="[739,787,621,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">type</typeStatus>
locality is a typographical error, on the basis that it is the same as for the latitude, (
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ACD055F9FE19B5B1" box="[433,468,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">i.e.</emphasis>
07'). For Halls Gap it should of 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE5F55F9FC94B5B1" box="[830,857,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">ca</emphasis>
. 32', but the exact location is unknown and original labeling missing. 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AC3D55DCFDC9B5D4" box="[348,516,692,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="colboi">
Other 
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ACC255DDFDC9B5D4" box="[419,516,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material was found by JKM in 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFFFFFE6AE0555DCFC74B5D5" box="[868,953,692,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06984" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="in" value="1996.0">1996 in</quantity>
a stream to the southwest of Halls Gap and two other sites in that general area were established by DAC in 
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6AEDD55B0FBA1B5E9" box="[956,1132,728,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2011" valueMax="2014">2011 and 2014</date>
—a markedly precinctive distribution (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AC475594FEB1B40C" box="[294,380,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 85" captionStartId="23.[199,298,1213,1235]" captionTargetBox="[225,1378,219,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 85. Distribution of Australian Paraustrosimulium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051868/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFFFFE6ADA65449FE0AB4BD" blockId="13.[151,1438,152,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<materialsCitation id="A5803C81FFFFFFE6ADA65449FA51B42E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675497559" box="[199,1436,799,824]" collectingDate="1996-08-28" collectorName="Coll. J. K." country="Australia" county="Victoria" latitude="-37.16957" location="Grampians National Park, small stream crossing Glenelg River Road" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.34879" municipality="Glenelg River" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
<collectingRegion id="D72CF83EFFFFFFE6ADA65449FED2B421" box="[199,287,801,824]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ADA65449FED2B421" box="[199,287,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Victoria</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="10376007FFFFFFE6AC545448FBBDB421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D4187CAFFF0FFE6ADF6520AFAACB1A5:10376007FFFFFFE6AC545448FBBDB421" box="[309,1136,800,824]" country="Australia" county="Victoria" latitude="-37.16957" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.34879" municipality="Glenelg River" name="Grampians National Park, small stream crossing Glenelg River Road" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" stateProvince="Victoria">Grampians National Park, small stream crossing Glenelg River Road</location>
. 
<collectingDate id="7112E9F4FFFFFFE6A9E05477FAD7B421" box="[1153,1306,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1996-08-28">
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A9E05477FAD7B421" box="[1153,1306,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="1996-08-28">28–viii–1996</date>
</collectingDate>
. 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFFFFE6A84B5448FA51B42E" box="[1322,1436,800,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Coll. J.K.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A5803C81FFFFFFE6ADF6542CFEF7B499" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675497560" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectorName="D. A. &amp; R. E. G" county="Victoria" latitude="-37.16957" location="Moulton. Grampians N. P., Lodge Road, Earl's Culvert" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.34879" municipality="Glenelg River" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
<location id="10376007FFFFFFE6ADF6542CFCDCB445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D4187CAFFF0FFE6ADF6520AFAACB1A5:10376007FFFFFFE6ADF6542CFCDCB445" box="[151,785,836,860]" county="Grampians National Park" latitude="-37.16957" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.34879" municipality="Glenelg River" name="Moulton. Grampians N. P., Lodge Road, Earl's Culvert" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" stateProvince="Victoria">Moulton. Grampians N. P., Lodge Road, Earl's Culvert</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE7C542CFC52B444" box="[797,927,836,861]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="-37.16957">S37.16957º</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AEC9542CFBF1B445" box="[936,1084,836,860]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="142.34879">E142.34879º</geoCoordinate>
, 244 mabs, 
<collectingDate id="7112E9F4FFFFFFE6A9A9542CFA94B445" box="[1224,1369,836,860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2011-07-10">
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A9A9542CFA94B445" box="[1224,1369,836,860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2011-07-10">10–vii–2011</date>
</collectingDate>
. Coll. 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFFFFE6ADF65400FEF7B499" box="[151,314,872,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">D.A. &amp; R.E.G</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="A5803C81FFFFFFE6AC275400FE0AB4BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675497557" collectingDate="2014-09-10" collectorName="D. A. &amp; R. E. G. Craig" country="Australia" county="Victoria" latitude="-37.18138" location="Craig. Grampians N. P., Glenelg Road, culvert" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.37428" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1">
<location id="10376007FFFFFFE6AC275400FC91B499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D4187CAFFF0FFE6ADF6520AFAACB1A5:10376007FFFFFFE6AC275400FC91B499" box="[326,860,872,896]" latitude="-37.18138" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.37428" name="Craig. Grampians N. P., Glenelg Road, culvert" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Craig. Grampians N. P., Glenelg Road, culvert</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE095400FC24B499" box="[872,1001,872,896]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="-37.18138">S37.18138º</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="70DC501BFFFFFFE6AE935400FB4BB499" box="[1010,1158,872,896]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" precision="1" value="142.37428">E142.37428º</geoCoordinate>
, 228 mabs, 
<collectingDate id="7112E9F4FFFFFFE6A86E5400FA54B499" box="[1295,1433,872,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2014-09-10">
<date id="6156101CFFFFFFE6A86E5400FA54B499" box="[1295,1433,872,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" value="2014-09-10">10–ix–2014</date>
</collectingDate>
. Coll. 
<collectorName id="B81D530AFFFFFFE6ADB454E4FE0EB4BD" box="[213,451,908,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">D.A. &amp; R.E.G. Craig</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFFFFFE6ADA654C7FC74B3B9" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFFFFE6ADA654C7FC74B3B9" blockId="13.[151,1438,152,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ADA654C7FE87B4D1" bold="true" box="[199,330,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Clearly an early spring species and univoltine, 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AE0954C7FB40B4D1" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[872,1165,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE0954C7FB40B4D1" box="[872,1165,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paraustrosimulium colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae and pupae occur in ephemeral, slowly–flowing streams (velocity 
<quantity id="D2109B39FFFFFFE6AFAC54BCFC8CB4F5" box="[717,833,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="cm" value="37.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="30.0">30–44 cm</quantity>
/sec) with generally colder water (temperature 9.6– 14.5ºC) and sandy substrate. Larvae are restricted to trailing vegetation and woody debris. At the Earl's Culvert locality (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AD9F5374FE9AB32D" box="[254,343,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 41, 42" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1477,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41, 42. Paraustrosimulium colboi habitats. FIGURES 43, 44. Paraustrosimulium obcidens holotype. (41) Earl's Culvert, Lodge Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.16957 º E 142.34879 º, 244 mabs, 10 – vii – 2011. (42) Culvert stream, Glenelg Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.18138 º E 142.37428 º, 228 mabs, 10 – ix – 2014. (43) Holotype, habitus (dried), (Styx River). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (44) Holotype labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051852/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
), larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AC855375FD8AB32C" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[484,583,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AC855375FD8AB32C" box="[484,583,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred with those of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AE0C5374FB23B32D" authority="(Skuse)" authorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[877,1262,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furiosum">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE0C5374FB43B32D" box="[877,1166,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Austrosimulium furiosum</emphasis>
(Skuse)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A8635374FE6DB341" authority="Makerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityName="Makerras &amp; Mackerras" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6A8635374FA51B32D" box="[1282,1436,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A. montanum</emphasis>
Makerras &amp; Mackerras
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6ACBC5357FCA9B341" authority="(Tonnoir)" authorityName="Tonnoir" baseAuthorityName="Tonnoir" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[477,868,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratora">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ACBC5357FD3DB341" box="[477,752,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Paracnephia umbratora</emphasis>
(Tonnoir)
</taxonomicName>
—the later, too, almost an exclusively moderate– flow simuliid. At the Glenelg Road culvert stream (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AE60530CFC96B365" box="[769,859,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURES 41, 42" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1477,1500]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1456]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 41, 42. Paraustrosimulium colboi habitats. FIGURES 43, 44. Paraustrosimulium obcidens holotype. (41) Earl's Culvert, Lodge Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.16957 º E 142.34879 º, 244 mabs, 10 – vii – 2011. (42) Culvert stream, Glenelg Road, Grampians National Park, S 37.18138 º E 142.37428 º, 228 mabs, 10 – ix – 2014. (43) Holotype, habitus (dried), (Styx River). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (44) Holotype labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051852/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AE15530DFC16B364" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[884,987,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE15530DFC16B364" box="[884,987,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the only simuliid present and in considerable numbers. Nothing is known about behaviour of the adults.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DF26557FFFFFFE6ADA653C4FAACB1A5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="155736DCFFFFFFE6ADA653C4FAACB1A5" blockId="13.[151,1438,152,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6ADA653C4FEF6B3DC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1196,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Remarks.</emphasis>
There is little doubt that the material discovered since the original collection by Mackerras and described by Davies &amp; Györkös (
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AF7553A7FDB9B3F1" box="[532,628,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">loc. cite.</emphasis>
) is of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AFDE53B9FCD3B3F1" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[703,798,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AFDE53B9FCD3B3F1" box="[703,798,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">P. colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is good concordance of morphological character states with, however, some exceptions. They made the point that female adults possess mandibular teeth only on the inner surface, similar to mandibles of 
<collectingCountry id="6DFF764CFFFFFFE6AFE45271FCD3B229" box="[645,798,1304,1328]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AE48527FFC14B229" box="[809,985,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE48527FFC14B229" box="[809,985,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our material of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A9CA527FFB3CB229" authorityName=", Davies &amp; Gyorkos" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Davies &amp; Gyorkos" box="[1195,1265,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colboi">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6A9CA527FFB3CB229" box="[1195,1265,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">colboi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A859527FFA51B229" authorityName="Craig &amp; Moulton &amp; Currie" authorityYear="2017" box="[1336,1436,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcidens">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6A859527FFA51B229" box="[1336,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">obcidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below) has definite teeth on the outer surface (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AFFA5254FD2DB24C" box="[667,736,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[195,1397,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (1) Habitus. Reared. ETOH. Arrow indicates lateral cervicales. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (2) Head. Frontal view. ETOH. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (3) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (4) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (5) Mandible. Note teeth on both sides. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (6) Lacinia. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051838/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), albeit they are small and were perhaps not noticed by Davies &amp; Györkös? Known Australian 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AC9A5237FD66B261" box="[507,683,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AC9A5237FD66B261" box="[507,683,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AFDA5208FD01B26E" box="[699,716,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
.) and 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AE735237FC21B261" authorityName="Dumbleton" authorityYear="1972" box="[786,1004,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Novaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AE735237FC21B261" box="[786,1004,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Novaustrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all lack outer mandibular teeth (Craig, pers. obs.). The anterior arm of the female genital fork is illustrated as being narrow (their 
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6A9A952ECFAD3B284" box="[1224,1310,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 25" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[224,1363,193,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 25. Paraustrosimulium colboi male. FIGURES 26 – 29. Paraustrosimulium colboi pupa. (24) Ventral plate &amp; parameres (slide mounted). Abbreviations: b a—basal arm, m s—median sclerite, p—paramere, s—spines, v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (25) Gonocoxa—gc, gonostylus—gs. Lateral view. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (26) Pupa and cocoon. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (27) Pharate gill, slightly expanded. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (28) Female cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Male cephalic capsule. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051846/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), however, membranous areas to the side are not easily observed even in fresh material (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AE9252C0FB8AB2D9" box="[1011,1095,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 17. Paraustrosimulium colboi female. (12) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (13) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (14) Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (15) Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Spermatheca (flattened) Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051842/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), so in newer material the arm can be seen to resemble those of 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6AF7552A4FD09B2FC" box="[532,708,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AF7552A4FD09B2FC" box="[532,708,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, generally assumed to be unique in 
<taxonomicName id="D2E84D5FFFFFFFE6A90552A4FB2FB2FD" box="[1124,1250,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
. Other character states of the fork are of similar expression. Then, too, is a discrepancy in the shape of the larval postgenal cleft— our material has a deeper cleft and is irregular (
<emphasis id="279CEACEFFFFFFE6AFD0517CFD08B135" box="[689,709,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AFB5517CFCE9B135" box="[724,804,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
with their Fig. 29). Of further concern is the number of hooks comprising the larval posterior circlet—our material has more, as well there are differences in the illustration (their Fig. 33) of the anal sclerite and our material (
<figureCitation id="8DD32A59FFFFFFE6AF985134FC9FB16D" box="[761,850,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1892,1915]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[191,1396,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 40. Paraustrosimulium colboi larva. (35) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (36) Maxilla. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (37) Genae, hypostoma, postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Hypostoma. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39) Lateral view of pharate pupal gill. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (40) Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks. Abbreviation: i s—interarm strut. Scale bar = 0. 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051850/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
), where the sclerite is markedly more substantive. Indicative of minor variation between populations? The colour of the larvae as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="71794B2DFFFFFFE6A9A451E8FED5B1A5" author="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Australian Entomological Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="105 - 115" part="27" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01156.x" refString="Davies, D. M. &amp; Gyorkos, H. (1988) Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1988. tb 01156. x" title="Two new Australian species of Simuliidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1988">Davies &amp; Györkös (1988: 111)</bibRefCitation>
is paler than our recent material (Fig. 32)—perhaps not surprising given the age of their material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>