190 lines
31 KiB
XML
190 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="087F77190B6C13D777069074CBB7E39C" ID-CLB-Dataset="8118" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2010n1a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cecd899-5900-4411-8446-0d9552b1b098" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612808309234" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain & Vercambre, Bernard" docDate="2010" docId="901F8794FF9B7471FCB9FCBFFC5AFC23" docLanguage="fr" docName="Zoosystema.32.1.19-72.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 32 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n1a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD.3:Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Encya sikorai" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="6C26FFECFF947461FFB5FFEDFF94FFE8" masterDocTitle="Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698928337295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F7F7ED1E87A39C6619EBC06FFDB58776">Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53EA183E32DE5874907EA416B3818111">Randriamanantsoa, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F032B92A5DCF380F8E21C655632BD5C">Fofifa - URP Scrid, 110 Antsirabe (Madagascar) r _ randriamanantsoa @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19C2728FC9350341325DF42851CC48AB">Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="27A1CCA5894E59587BD64CC6100E255C">Cirad Bios, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, Ta A- 55 / L, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) henri-pierre. aberlenc @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5351D58DDD3BAAD69E6F8EAD24E1E60E" type="email">aberlenc@cirad.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="27E0339315C5B34F1785F4599E54C222">Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="540756A4334912C01602BB1E5D0726E1">Département d’Entomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101 (Madagascar)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6BCA3307AF4130ECBE465EB2AAB36716">Ratnadass, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5FDED1AA962D4124C2DB2201B44E4E4">Cirad, UPR HortSys - ICRISAT BP 12404, Niamey (Niger) a. ratnadass @ cgiar. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB605CB156A50E530FAF4AB84B637358" type="email">ratnadass@cgiar.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ECE5BCD40CEF9C5AD797D0A6884E62CC">Vercambre, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A441E8646FEB9AD6F02B802241D28CC3">Cirad, UPR Systèmes de Cultures annuels, avenue Agropolis, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) bernard. vercambre @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="997C6E3917F015CFC8393DB0DE1AF9CC" type="email">vercambre@cirad.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="712D36F68D163B5513F97D94CEC5E692">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5160531ED3801463905F86F14D6A0908">
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<mods:date id="90422E5238C1398356A7DC91A7FAE78E">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8E9088022AAC0E1A612B39E646892CA8">2010-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9BC73D7857D87B4B55A53B1C3E9B64ED">32</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E9438FDDC33B2DDE04ECBBFD35F10A83">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="523D995D71804E0485986E991F08E40F">19</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="7DB54005E9023F313A02D8488069E462">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n1a2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B36F1E38A1C5F32EB48AD32974CF7BDA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F18CC93AC9C7A6D1241127AE06ADB561" type="CLB-Dataset">8118</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC0428A16E19C7C38056E1E0D24E84F5" type="DOI">10.5252/z2010n1a2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="069D31D65ACA801266C9168E237489B4" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="901F8794FF9B7471FCB9FCBFFC5AFC23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4557671" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177425645" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4557671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:901F8794FF9B7471FCB9FCBFFC5AFC23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/901F8794FF9B7471FCB9FCBFFC5AFC23" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9B746EFCB9FCBFFBC5FC84" box="[780,1105,849,876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFCB9FCBFFBC5FC84" blockId="15.[780,1105,849,876]" box="[780,1105,849,876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9B746EFCB9FCBFFBC5FC84" authority="(Brenske, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Brenske" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[780,1105,849,876]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Encya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorai">
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<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9B746EFCB9FCBFFC09FC84" bold="true" box="[780,925,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Encya sikorai</emphasis>
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(Brenske, 1891)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9B746EFD72FC9CFBCEFC44" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD72FC9CFBCEFC44" blockId="15.[711,1175,881,940]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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(
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFD7BFC9CFCB6FC64" box="[718,802,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory & Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figs 2K</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFC81FC9CFCCDFC64" box="[820,857,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[124,1194,218,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-14@31.[106,1195,214,1601]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 4. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,raster: A, sp. D1; B, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); C, sp. D2; D, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi, 1968); E, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); G, sp. M1; H, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A-D, H, 2 mm; E-G, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520763/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">4H</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFCDFFC9CFC1CFC64" box="[874,904,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[141,1181,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-14@35.[141,1181,217,1589]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 8. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, épipharynx: A, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); B, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); C, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); D, sp. M1; E, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); F, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); G, sp. M2. Échelles: A, F, 0,5 mm; B, C, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520775/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">8E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFC2FFC9CFC52FC64" box="[922,966,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1173,219,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-14@37.[146,1173,218,1547]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 10. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,hypopharynx: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory & Percheron,1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A, J, 0,2 mm; C, D, F, G, I, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520783/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">10L</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFC62FC9CFBBEFC64" box="[983,1066,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[135,1187,223,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-22@38.[135,1188,218,1576]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 11. — Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833), épipharynx; B, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844), imago, habitus; C, D, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891), nymphe, apex de l’abdomen, face ventrale; C, mâle; D, femelle; E-H, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833), mandibule; E, gauche, face dorsale; F, gauche, face ventrale; G, droite, face dorsale; H, droite, face ventrale. Échelles: A, E-H, 0,5 mm; B-D, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520785/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">11C, D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFB89FC9CFBC2FC64" box="[1084,1110,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de l’article apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">12</figureCitation>
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K-M; 15I-L; 17C; 20A; 22F-K; 23J)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9B746EFD10FC3DFB84FAC0" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10FC3DFCE1FC01" blockId="15.[674,1212,976,1447]" box="[677,885,976,1003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10FC1DFB84FAC0" blockId="15.[674,1212,976,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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Larves provenant d’Andranomanelatra, de Bevalala, d’Ivato et de Manjakandriana dans une jachère de
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<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9B746EFD7DFBC2FC18FBA1" authorityName="C.H.Persoon" authorityYear="1805" box="[712,908,1071,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
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<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9B746EFD7DFBC2FC18FBA1" box="[712,908,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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et de Graminées diverses, dans une culture de
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<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF9B746EFC32FBBDFBEEFB81" authorityName="C.H.Persoon" authorityYear="1805" box="[903,1146,1104,1129]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
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<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9B746EFC32FBBDFBEEFB81" box="[903,1146,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Pennisetum purpureum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Elles sont fréquemment trouvées en milieu humide en bordure de rizière et près des marais.
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<typeStatus id="C70D8820FF9B746EFB9BFB63FBF8FB41" box="[1070,1132,1166,1193]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Types</typeStatus>
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de sol: alluvionnaire, ferrallitique, argileux, de couleur noire, riche en matière organique.Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa (5 larves), du Cirad-CBGP (
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<specimenCount id="0EB0FD0BFF9B746EFD1BFAE0FD62FAC0" box="[686,758,1293,1320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="larva">1 larve</specimenCount>
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) et du MNHN (2 larves).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF9B7471FD0EFAC0FC5AFC23" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD0EFAC0FB35FA4F" blockId="15.[674,1212,976,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Dans une parcelle de Riz pluvial, les larves de cette espèce avaient coupé les racines des plants et endommagé plus de 80 % des plants. Les attaques ont eu lieu à partir de la fin du tallage de la culture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10FA26FCA1FA0E" blockId="15.[677,1188,1483,1542]" box="[677,821,1483,1510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9B746EFD10FA26FCA1FA0E" box="[677,821,1483,1510]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10FA06FB30F9EE" blockId="15.[677,1188,1483,1542]" box="[677,1188,1515,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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Couleur blanc laiteux. Pattes longues (
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<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF9B746EFBF7FA06FB0CF9EE" box="[1090,1176,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory & Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10F9C7FD5BF9AC" blockId="15.[674,1210,1578,1700]" box="[677,719,1578,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF9B746EFD10F9C7FD5BF9AC" box="[677,719,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Tête</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF9B746EFD10F9A7FCE3F94C" blockId="15.[674,1210,1578,1700]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Tête brun jaunâtre.3 courtes soies dorso-épicraniales disposées symétriquement de chaque côté de la capsule céphalique.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FFC4FF35FE92FE79" blockId="16.[111,648,216,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FFC4FF35FF4DFF1A" bold="true" box="[113,217,216,242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Antennes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FF53FF35FEA5FF1B" box="[230,305,216,243]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de l’article apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
K-M). Les longueurs respectives des articles sont: I = II = III = 1,36; IV = 1,84. Dernier article antennaire fusiforme avec 5 plages sensorielles: 3 ventrales, 1 petite apicale et 1 dorsale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FFC2FEBAFF6EFE9A" box="[119,250,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de l’article apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 12L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Avant-dernier article avec une saillie apico-latérale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FFC4FE5BFE9BFD67" blockId="16.[111,647,438,655]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FFC4FE5BFF20FE38" bold="true" box="[113,180,438,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Labre.</emphasis>
|
||
Un peu plus large que long, symétrique.Zone médiane du bord antérieur nettement saillante, avec 2 soies externes rapprochées et 4 soies internes. 2 à 3 soies latéro-antérieures et 1 soie latérale. Soies de l’acanthoparia bien visibles latéralement, de l’aire latéro-antérieure à l’aire latéro-postérieure. 2 soies labro-internes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FFC4FD5EFEBAFB82" blockId="16.[111,648,691,1130]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FFC4FD5EFF66FD26" bold="true" box="[113,242,691,718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Épipharynx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FEB4FD5EFEC0FD26" box="[257,340,691,718]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[141,1181,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-14@35.[141,1181,217,1589]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 8. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, épipharynx: A, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); B, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); C, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); D, sp. M1; E, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); F, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); G, sp. M2. Échelles: A, F, 0,5 mm; B, C, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520775/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Haptomère constitué d’un groupe de fortes épines très sclérifiées, subégales. Aire pédiale glabre. Proplegmatum très développé, rétréci vers l’avant, formé de 12 à 15 bourrelets parallèles. Plegmatum présent. Acanthoparia formés de 13 à 16 courtes soies lamelliformes de taille croissante vers l’avant. Dexiophobe constitué d’une rangée de courtes soies parallèles, laeophobe constitué d’une rangée de soies parallèles un peu plus longues. Chaetoparia assymétriques, à rangs concentriques d’épaisses et fortes soies à l’avant, plus fines et courtes à l’arrière, plus fortes du côté du dexiophobe, plus fines et allongées du côté du laeophobe, convergeant vers l’aire pédiale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FFC4FB63FE8CFA4F" blockId="16.[111,648,1166,1447]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FFC4FB63FF60FB40" bold="true" box="[113,244,1166,1192]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Mandibules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FEB0FB63FEC6FB41" box="[261,338,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[135,1177,220,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-21@42.[136,1178,214,1549]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 15. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, mandibule: A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, gauche, face dorsale; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z1, gauche, face ventrale; C, G, K, O, S, W, Z2, droite,face dorsale; D, H, L, P, T, X, Z3, droite,face ventrale; A-D, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); E-H, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); I-L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); M-P, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); Q-T, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); U-X, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); Y-Z3, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887). Échelles: A-D, M-P, 1 mm; E-H, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520799/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
I-L). Pas d’aire stridulatoire. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule gauche allongée, avec une très forte dent apicale et une seconde dent triangulaire; aire molaire gauche avec une très forte dent. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule droite allongée, avec une très forte dent apicale et une seconde dent triangulaire obtuse. 7 soies latéro-externes, 1 soie dorso-externe et une touffe de 4 à 7 courtes soies dorso-molaires.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FFC4FA26FE5FF94C" blockId="16.[111,647,1483,1700]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FFC4FA26FF5AFA0D" bold="true" box="[113,206,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Maxilles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FF68FA26FED5FA0E" box="[221,321,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-21@44.[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 17. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, maxille, face dorsale: A, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); B, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); C, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); D, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); E, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); F, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); G, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); H, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A, 0,5 mm; B, 0,1 mm; D, H, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galea et lacinia fusionnées à la base et séparées à l’apex. Lacinia à uncus tridenté sclérifié, armée de 4 fortes épines sclérifiées. Galea à uncus sclérifié, armée de 5 ou 6 + 2 ou 3 fortes épines sclérifiées. Sur la face dorsale, aire stridulatoire composée de 17 à 21 dents sclérifi ées saillantes formant des créneaux émoussés.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FD10FF35FC97FE59" blockId="16.[675,1212,216,433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FD10FF35FCABFF1A" bold="true" box="[677,831,216,242]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FCF9FF35FC3FFF1B" box="[844,939,216,243]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1173,219,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-14@37.[146,1173,218,1547]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 10. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,hypopharynx: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory & Percheron,1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A, J, 0,2 mm; C, D, F, G, I, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520783/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 10L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Glosses recouvertes vers la base des palpes de très longues soies mêlées à des soies très courtes, orientées vers l’apex. En avant des oncyli, une aire subtriangulaire médiane constituée de soies plus fortes orientées vers la base. Oncyli transverses, sclérifiés dans la partie centrale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FD10FE38FD79FE07" blockId="16.[675,1212,469,718]" box="[677,749,469,495]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FD10FE38FD79FE07" box="[677,749,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FD10FE18FB06FD26" blockId="16.[675,1212,469,718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FD10FE18FD73FDE7" bold="true" box="[677,743,501,527]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Pattes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FD41FE18FCC1FDF8" box="[756,853,501,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-14@47.[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 20. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, pattes: A, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); B, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); F, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520817/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longues, de longueur croissante de P1 à P3, toutes de structure analogue: coxa, trochanter inséré latéralement sur la coxa, fémur, tibiotarse. P1 et P2 à griffe très longue, très forte à la base, incurvée, sclérifiée à l’apex. P3 à griffe très courte, plus large que longue, sclérifiée sur une étroite bande apicale, portant 2 longues soies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FD10FD1FFC93FCE4" blockId="16.[676,1211,754,971]" box="[677,775,754,780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FD10FD1FFC93FCE4" box="[677,775,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18093682FF847471FD10FCFFFC5AFC23" blockId="16.[676,1211,754,971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF847471FD10FCFFFD7FFCC4" bold="true" box="[677,747,786,812]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Raster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF847471FD4EFCFFFCC2FCC5" box="[763,854,786,813]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[124,1194,218,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-14@31.[106,1195,214,1601]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 4. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,raster: A, sp. D1; B, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); C, sp. D2; D, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi, 1968); E, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); G, sp. M1; H, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891). Échelles: A-D, H, 2 mm; E-G, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520763/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fente anale en «Y », bordée de soies des deux côtés. Palidia formés de 2 groupes de fortes soies, enchevêtrées et orientées vers la septula, qui est glabre. Teges périphériques étroits, constitués de courtes soies recourbées. Barbula constituée de longues soies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |