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<document id="DEE72DF1279ACBD16E59BEA1625E0774" ID-CLB-Dataset="8118" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2010n1a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cecd899-5900-4411-8446-0d9552b1b098" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612808309234" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain &amp; Vercambre, Bernard" docDate="2010" docId="901F8794FF807474FD5FFB20FCCBFC64" docLanguage="fr" docName="Zoosystema.32.1.19-72.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 32 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n1a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD.3:Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Triodontus nitidulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="6C26FFECFF947461FFB5FFEDFF94FFE8" masterDocTitle="Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698928337295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E4A9A7FF0CCB200008D0E6E36D4572A9">Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="060468387B6722685009D8E0317DD547">Randriamanantsoa, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A2845CD57DB62873C610A659BA8C42B6">Fofifa - URP Scrid, 110 Antsirabe (Madagascar) r _ randriamanantsoa @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9F49338576DD6EFAB44445194F5D80A0">Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B99CBD43A6542EA9CB7ACF8E4070F74E">Cirad Bios, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, Ta A- 55 / L, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) henri-pierre. aberlenc @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A100B53B8A169D1E8ECA343E30B52D8">Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F5D04E376A55F4DC97863BF5A145F5E7">Département dEntomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université dAntananarivo, Antananarivo 101 (Madagascar)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="47DE2833A45817CACA09C7C3E250E94A">Ratnadass, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E0E16ACC8B06D1574A6F98262C59F587">Cirad, UPR HortSys - ICRISAT BP 12404, Niamey (Niger) a. ratnadass @ cgiar. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="912F8C7E918208D7D10B3158D3E6AC48">Vercambre, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4E56F2A981A38A3A5A6A19D16EB1161A">Cirad, UPR Systèmes de Cultures annuels, avenue Agropolis, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) bernard. vercambre @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B31063869A49A15CDE61F12DD544E914" type="email">vercambre@cirad.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="84A20A6D430753582E36733C8CC8BC2F">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3B8E92EA5B0C2E61553913028AAFFC38">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9A69A19DCFFE3549D8162BFD67580E57">2010-03-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="901F8794FF807474FD5FFB20FCCBFC64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4549544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177425679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4549544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:901F8794FF807474FD5FFB20FCCBFC64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/901F8794FF807474FD5FFB20FCCBFC64" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF807475FD5FFB20FBE0FB01" box="[746,1140,1229,1257]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD5FFB20FBE0FB01" blockId="20.[746,1140,1229,1288]" box="[746,1140,1229,1257]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF807475FD5FFB20FBE0FB01" authority="(Guerin, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[746,1140,1229,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Triodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD5FFB20FC5CFB00" bold="true" box="[746,968,1229,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Triodontus nitidulus</emphasis>
(Guérin, 1844)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF807475FCBFFB00FBADFAC0" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FCBFFB00FBADFAC0" blockId="20.[746,1140,1229,1288]" lastBlockId="20.[805,1081,1293,1320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FCA4FB00FCFDFAE0" box="[785,873,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Figs 2O</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FCCFFB00FC0AFAE0" box="[890,926,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[118,1198,220,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[118,1207,220,1565]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 5. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, sp. M2; C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); F, sp.M3; G, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); H, sp. S1; I, sp. S2. Échelles: A, B, F-I, 0,5 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">5G</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FC1AFB00FC59FAE0" box="[943,973,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[134,1187,219,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[131,1191,216,1588]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 9.— Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); B, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); C, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); D, sp. M3; E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F, sp. S1; G, sp. S2. Échelles: D, 0,5 mm; E-G, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520777/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">9E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FC6AFB00FB98FAE0" box="[991,1036,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[135,1187,223,1570]" captionTargetId="figure-22@38.[135,1188,218,1576]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 11. — Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833), épipharynx; B, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844), imago, habitus; C, D, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891), nymphe, apex de labdomen, face ventrale; C, mâle; D, femelle; E-H, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833), mandibule; E, gauche, face dorsale; F, gauche, face ventrale; G, droite, face dorsale; H, droite, face ventrale. Échelles: A, E-H, 0,5 mm; B-D, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520785/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">11B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FBA8FB00FBDEFAE0" box="[1053,1098,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de larticle apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">12E</figureCitation>
;
<heading id="434181EEFF807475FC90FAE0FBADFAC0" box="[805,1081,1293,1320]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" reason="2">
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FC90FAE0FCC5FAC0" box="[805,849,1293,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[116,1208,217,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-21@40.[113,1202,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 13. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, labre; A, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); B, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); C, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); D, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-J, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881), mandibule; F, gauche, face dorsale; G, gauche, face ventrale; H, droite, face dorsale; I, droite, face ventrale; J, aire stridulatoire mandibulaire. Échelles: A, B, D, F-I, 1 mm; C, E, J, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520793/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">13E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FCD6FAE0FCE8FAC0" box="[867,892,1293,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1180,217,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-14@43.[151,1175,219,1547]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 16. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-D, mandibule, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); A, gauche, face dorsale; B, gauche, face ventrale; C, droite, face dorsale; D, droite, face ventrale; E-O, maxille, face dorsale; E, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); F, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); I, J, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); J, dents stridulatoires; K, L, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); L, dents stridulatoires; M, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug,1833); N, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); O, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968). Échelles: A-D, N, O, 0,5 mm; E, F, H, I, K, 0,4 mm; G, 1 mm; J, 0,01 mm; L, 0,02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520805/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">16</figureCitation>
A-D; 17H; 20F)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF807475FD10FAA1FCE6F94C" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FAA1FCE1FA8D" blockId="20.[675,1212,1356,1700]" box="[677,885,1356,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FA81FCE6F94C" blockId="20.[675,1212,1356,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
Larves provenant dAndranomanelatra et dAmbohimiarivo (
<quantity id="DF4E9B67FF807475FCF5FA61FCEFFA4F" box="[832,891,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
dAndranomanelatra). Elles ont été collectées respectivement en haut de pente dans une culture de Riz pluvial (
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF807475FBBAFA26FB00FA0D" box="[1039,1172,1483,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Oryza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FBBAFA26FB00FA0D" box="[1039,1172,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Oryza sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) et dans une jachère à
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF807475FCC6FA06FBB8F9ED" authorityName="C.H.Persoon" authorityYear="1805" box="[883,1068,1515,1541]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FCC6FA06FBB8F9ED" box="[883,1068,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
et
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF807475FBFEFA06FC81F9CC" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Brachiaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="20" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruziziensis">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FBFEFA06FC81F9CC" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Brachiaria ruziziensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. En culture du Riz pluvial, les larves coupent les racines des plants.
<typeStatus id="C70D8820FF807475FC5AF9C7FBB0F9AD" box="[1007,1060,1578,1605]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
de sol: ferrallitique. Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa (22 larves), du Cirad-CBGP (4 larves) et du MNHN (2 larves).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF817474FFC4FF35FCCBFC64" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FF35FE96FF19" blockId="21.[113,647,216,306]" box="[113,258,216,243]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FF15FF4AFEDA" blockId="21.[113,647,216,306]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
Voir
<bibRefCitation id="7C274B73FF817474FF13FF15FE5DFEFB" author="PAULIAN R. &amp; LUMARET J. - P." box="[166,457,248,275]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref24201" refString="PAULIAN R. &amp; LUMARET J. - P. 1982. - La larve des Orphnidae. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 87 (7 - 8): 263 - 272." type="journal article" year="1982">Paulian &amp; Lumaret (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. Couleur blanche (
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FFCCFEFAFF45FEDA" box="[121,209,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FEBAFF0FFE99" blockId="21.[111,647,343,496]" box="[113,155,343,369]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4FEBAFF0FFE99" box="[113,155,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Tête</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FE9BFDD5FE18" blockId="21.[111,647,343,496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Couleur jaune. Épicrâne symétriquement avec 3 soies dorso-épicraniales et 5 soies latéro-externes.1 soie de chaque côté de langle frontal. Clypéus avec 1 soie clypéale externe et 1 soie clypéale médiane.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FDF9FF4EFD87" blockId="21.[111,647,532,623]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4FDF9FF49FDC6" bold="true" box="[113,221,532,558]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Antennes.</emphasis>
Articles effi lés. Dernier article antennaire fusiforme avec 2 plages sensorielles: 1 ventrale et 1 dorsale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FD7EFEA4FC44" blockId="21.[111,648,659,940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4FD7EFF39FD45" bold="true" box="[113,173,659,685]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Labre</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FF0FFD7EFE81FD46" box="[186,277,659,686]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[116,1208,217,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-21@40.[113,1202,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 13. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, labre; A, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); B, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); C, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); D, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-J, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881), mandibule; F, gauche, face dorsale; G, gauche, face ventrale; H, droite, face dorsale; I, droite, face ventrale; J, aire stridulatoire mandibulaire. Échelles: A, B, D, F-I, 1 mm; C, E, J, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520793/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
).Transverse, subsymétrique, trilobé, en forme générale de losange tronqué en arrière. Lobe médian étroit, formant une pointe anguleuse, dessinant la silhouette dune pyramide à degrés, avec 3 groupes symétriques de 2 soies. 2 + 1 longue soies latéro-antérieures. Soies de lacanthoparia visibles latéralement, sur laire latéro-antérieure. 1 longue soie latérale. 2 longues soies labro-internes.2 longues soies postérieures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FC3DFEF6FAE0" blockId="21.[111,648,976,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4FC3DFF7EFC03" bold="true" box="[113,234,976,1003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Épipharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FF43FC3DFED6FC03" box="[246,322,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[134,1187,219,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[131,1191,216,1588]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 9.— Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); B, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); C, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); D, sp. M3; E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F, sp. S1; G, sp. S2. Échelles: D, 0,5 mm; E-G, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520777/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig.9E</figureCitation>
).Haptomère formé de 4 longues et fortes soies. Acanthoparia avec 9 courtes soies de taille croissante, incurvées vers lavant. Chaetoparia subsymétriques, avec des rangées concentriques de soies épaisses convergeant vers laire pédiale, qui est glabre.Plegmatum développé, sa plus grande largeur le long des côtés antérieurs du losange. Acroparia avec 4 longues et fortes soies et 1 plus courte à droite et 4 longues soies à gauche. Corypha avec 4 longues et fortes soies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4FAC1FD9CF9AD" blockId="21.[111,647,1324,1605]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4FAC1FF60FAAE" bold="true" box="[113,244,1324,1350]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Mandibules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FEB7FAC0FED9FAA0" box="[258,333,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1180,217,1546]" captionTargetId="figure-14@43.[151,1175,219,1547]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 16. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-D, mandibule, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); A, gauche, face dorsale; B, gauche, face ventrale; C, droite, face dorsale; D, droite, face ventrale; E-O, maxille, face dorsale; E, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); F, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); G, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); H, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); I, J, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); J, dents stridulatoires; K, L, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe,1900); L, dents stridulatoires; M, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug,1833); N, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier,1789); O, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968). Échelles: A-D, N, O, 0,5 mm; E, F, H, I, K, 0,4 mm; G, 1 mm; J, 0,01 mm; L, 0,02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520805/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A-D). Pas daire stridulatoire. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule gauche falciforme et étroite, avec 4 dents très émoussées, la dent apicale forte, suivie par 3 dents arrondies peu saillantes, la médiane plus grande.Aire scissoriale de la mandibule droite falciforme et étroite, la dent apicale forte et la seconde dent arrondie. Aire molaire de la mandibule gauche avec une forte dent bifide. 1 soie dorso-externe et 2 soies baso-latérales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FFC4F984FB3CFEFB" blockId="21.[111,647,1641,1700]" lastBlockId="21.[677,1210,216,275]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FFC4F984FF5DF96B" bold="true" box="[113,201,1641,1667]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Maxilles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FF60F984FEA0F96C" box="[213,308,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-21@44.[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 17. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, maxille, face dorsale: A, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); B, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); C, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); D, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); E, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); F, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); G, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); H, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A, 0,5 mm; B, 0,1 mm; D, H, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520807/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
).Galea et lacinia séparées.Lacinia à uncus avec 3 dents dont 2 fusionnées à la base. Galea avec uncus acuminé. Sur la face dorsale, aire stridulatoire avec 15 dents inclinées et pointues.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FD10FEDAFB1DFE39" blockId="21.[674,1211,311,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FD10FEDAFCACFEB9" bold="true" box="[677,824,311,337]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FCF6FEDAFC09FEBA" box="[835,925,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de larticle apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig.12E</figureCitation>
). Allongé,les côtés subparallèles légèrement concaves, palpes labiaux fins et longs. Glosses avec deux rangées de très fortes soies à la base, de longues soies dans la partie apicale,quelques courtes soies dispersées, glabres dans la partie médiane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FD10FE18FD79FDE7" blockId="21.[675,1210,501,655]" box="[677,749,501,527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FD10FE18FD79FDE7" box="[677,749,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Thorax</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FD10FDF8FB1AFD67" blockId="21.[675,1210,501,655]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FD10FDF8FD72FDC7" bold="true" box="[677,742,533,559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Pattes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FD47FDF8FCDBFDD8" box="[754,847,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-14@47.[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 20. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, pattes: A, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); B, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); F, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520817/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
). Longues, de longueur légèrement croissante de P1 à P3, de structure analogue: coxa, trochanter inséré latéralement sur la coxa, fémur,tibiotarse. Griffe longue, aiguë, incurvée, sclérifiée.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FD10FD5EFC93FD25" blockId="21.[674,1211,691,908]" box="[677,775,691,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FD10FD5EFC93FD25" box="[677,775,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Abdomen</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF817474FD10FD3EFCCBFC64" blockId="21.[674,1211,691,908]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF817474FD10FD3EFD7DFD05" bold="true" box="[677,745,723,749]" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Raster</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF817474FD40FD3EFCDCFD06" box="[757,840,723,750]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[118,1198,220,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[118,1207,220,1565]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 5. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, sp. M2; C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); F, sp.M3; G, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); H, sp. S1; I, sp. S2. Échelles: A, B, F-I, 0,5 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520765/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
). Fente anale en «Y». Palidia formés de 20 épines convergeant vers la fente anale, formant un arc de cercle, les plus longues vers lanus, les plus courtes vers lavant. Teges avec des soies épineuses. Côté dorsal de la fente anale glabre. Barbula avec de très longues soies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>