283 lines
25 KiB
XML
283 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720" ID-PMC="PMC4910500" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-7720" ID-PubMed="27346952" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e7720" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)" checkinTime="1465391621000" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Irimia, Ramona-Elena & Gottschling, Marc" docDate="2016" docId="663346E4E2F0BA87CEE616DDD30FD17E" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e7720" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720" docTitle="Rochefortia acanthophora Griseb." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7720" masterDocId="0223FFAED80AC96BFFC78A1D3C56FFD6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)" masterLastPageNumber="7720" masterPageNumber="7720" pageNumber="7720" updateTime="1668126850782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Irimia, Ramona-Elena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gottschling, Marc</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>7720</mods:start>
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<mods:end>7720</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-7720</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:663346E4E2F0BA87CEE616DDD30FD17E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/663346E4E2F0BA87CEE616DDD30FD17E" lastPageNumber="7720" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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<taxonomicName authority="(DC.) Griseb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Rochefortia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rochefortia acanthophora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophora">Rochefortia acanthophora (DC.) Griseb.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Rochefortia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rochefortia acanthophora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophora">Rochefortia acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Rochefortia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rochefortia acanthophora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophora">Rochefortia acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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(DC.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.: 482. 1862.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Ehretia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ehretia acanthophora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophora">Ehretia acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 510. 1845.-TYPE: Caribbean, Dominican Republic. Without precise locality (1821): C.G.L. Bertero s.n. 1821 (sterile) (lectotype, designated here: G-DC18088! isolectotypes: MO-1886637! P fide Lefor 1968); without precise locality at Biajama river (1819): C.G.L. Bertero s.n. 1819 (sterile) (syntype: TO-4998!).
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</paragraph>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Shrubs up to 4.0 m tall, rarely trees 4.0-7.0 m tall, galls absent; twig indument absent or sericeous, glabrescent at maturity, trichomes simple; bark grey whitish to grey dark or brown, sometimes peeling; thorns 0.5-0.8 cm long, slender, acute, simple, numerous, axillary, alternate, glabrous through variously sericeous. Leaves fasciculate; petiole 0.05-0.2 cm long, slender, hirsute; blade 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, widely obovate or circular (particularly distal immature leaves), coriaceous, primary vein prominent, with scattered trichomes, secondary veins 3-6, tertiary veins arcuate or reticulate; base cuneate, rarely rounded; apex rounded or obcordate, occasionally retuse, emarginated or cleft; adaxial surface hirsute to pubescent, with simple trichomes and cystolith-like structures in subsidiary cells, abaxial surface bright, variously hirsute to glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, flowers in clusters of 2 or rarely 3 or solitary, pedicels up to 0.02-0.03 cm long. Calyx 0.40-0.50 cm long, 0.45-0.50 cm wide, coriaceous, glabrous or with few scattered trichomes outside, sometimes hirsute, glabrous inside with a tuft of trichomes at the distal part of lobes, lobes 0.35-0.40 cm long, 0.40-0.43 cm wide, ovate to broadly ovate, apex acute, margin strigose. Corolla 0.40-0.50 cm long, white, yellowish or pale yellow, rarely green (as in Leonard & Leonard 1579: GH!, Leonard & Leonard 2579: US!, Leonard & Leonard 12579: GH! US!), brownish when dry, membranaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, tube 0.20-0.25 cm long, funnel-shaped, lobes 0.35-0.40 cm long, ovate, rounded, margin slightly ciliate. Anthers of male flower 0.50-0.55 cm long, oblong, filaments 0.45-0.50 cm long, adnate to the corolla tube for further 0.10-0.15 cm, pollen present (SEM), tricolporate; anthers of female flower 0.25-0.30 cm long, oblong, pollen absent, filaments very short, 0.05-0.07 cm long, adnate to the corolla tube for further 0.10-0.12 cm. Ovary of male flower subglobose, 0.10-0.20 cm long, stylodia 2, 0.10-0.15 cm long, distally setose, with grey trichomes, ovules absent; ovary of female flower globose, style 0.35-0.40 cm long, divided, branch 0.30-0.35 cm long, stigmas very well developed, cotyliform. Fruit 0.30-0.45 cm tall, 0.40-0.50 cm wide, globose, green when immature, later orange brown or red to brightly red at maturity, brown when old, mesocarp fleshy; pyrene 0.30-0.40 cm tall, 0.30-0.35 cm wide, 0.35-0.40 cm deep, abaxial surface with reticulate ridges.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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Coastal habitats and scrublands across Caribbean islands between Haiti in the West and Guadeloupe in the East, with high abundance in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (symbol "⨀" in Fig. 3), at low altitudes (sea level up to 300 m), occasionally at higher altitudes of 1200 m (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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4192: US!). Plant species with similarly restricted distributions on the eastern Greater Antilles are otherwise rare (4 taxa at the generic level listed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Borhidi, A." journalOrPublisher="Akademiai Kiado, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" title="Phytogeography and vegetation ecology of Cuba" year="1991">Borhidi 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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Flowering throughout the year (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jan–Dec">Jan-Dec</normalizedToken>
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); fruiting
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Oct–Mar">Oct-Mar</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="May–Aug">May-Aug</normalizedToken>
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, but probably contiguously.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="taxon discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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Traditionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. acanthophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="acanthophora">R. acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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has been considered the most widely distributed species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Rochefortia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rochefortia" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rochefortia</taxonomicName>
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in the Caribbean (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lefor, M. W." journalOrPublisher="Univ. of Connecticut, Mansfield" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" title="A revision of the genus Rochefortia Sw. (Boraginaceae)" year="1968">Lefor 1968</bibRefCitation>
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), but the results from a molecular survey rather indicate a restricted geographic range (
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<bibRefCitation author="Irimia, Ramona Elena" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" pagination="1509 - 1516" title="Strong biogeographic signal in the phylogenetic relationships of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)" volume="301" year="2015">Irimia et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Particularly,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. acanthophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="acanthophora">R. acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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has its westernmost distribution in Haiti, but is absent from Cuba (firstly noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Klotz, Gerhard" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de la Habana" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" pagination="99 - 110" title="Systematische Gliederung der Gattung Rochefortia Swartz" volume="3" year="1982">Klotz 1982</bibRefCitation>
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because of leaf shape differences) and Jamaica, where it has been believed to occur in the past. Anyhow, the species is well represented on the islands where it occurs, and is the only small-leaved species documented for Haiti and Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, British as well as US Virgin Islands and Antigua.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Rochefortia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rochefortia acanthophora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthophora">Rochefortia acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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is sympatric with only a single other species, namely
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. barloventensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="barloventensis">R. barloventensis</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs in the frequently axillary (versus predominantly terminal) inflorescences comprising few (and not more than 5) flowers, a smaller leaf blade size (0.5-1.5 cm long versus 1.4-3.4 cm long) and a reduced leaf petiole length (0.05-0.2 cm long versus 0.4-1.5 cm long). Anyhow, sympatry between both species is restricted to Guadeloupe (
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<bibRefCitation author="Howard, R. A." journalOrPublisher="Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" title="Flora of the Lesser Antilles 6" year="1989">Howard 1989</bibRefCitation>
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) and Puerto Rico (
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<bibRefCitation author="Irimia, Ramona Elena" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" pagination="1509 - 1516" title="Strong biogeographic signal in the phylogenetic relationships of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)" volume="301" year="2015">Irimia et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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Morphologically,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. acanthophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="acanthophora">R. acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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is a variable species, particularly with respect to leaf size and shape, and exhibits some overlap to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. cubensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="cubensis">R. cubensis</taxonomicName>
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from Cuba and Jamaica (it was occasionally hard to determine the species reliably if geographic origin was unknown). Among the remaining small-leaved species, it differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. bahamensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="bahamensis">R. bahamensis</taxonomicName>
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in the more predominantly obovate (versus circular) leaf shapes and from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. stellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="stellata">R. stellata</taxonomicName>
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in the absence (versus presence) of multi-branched trichomes. Some individuals of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. acanthophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="species" species="acanthophora">R. acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., Liogier 20494: F!, Leonard & Leonard 12760: US!, Ekman 2154: A! F!) appear as substrate for plants assigned to
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tillandsia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tillandsia</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<taxonomicName family="Bromeliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
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Representative specimens examined. - HAITI. Port-de-Paix: Baie des Moustiques: trail W to main road, vicinity of Cabaret,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.866667">19°52'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.05">73°03'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 12 Jan 1929 (♀ fl, fr), Leonard & Leonard 11790 (GH! US!); Jean-Rabel: along Mole Road,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.85">19°51'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.183334">73°11'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 29 Jan 1929 (♀ fl, fr), Leonard & Leonard 12619 (US!); E of Bord-de-Mer,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.883333">19°53'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.2">73°12'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 1 Mar 1929 (♀ fl, fr), Leonard & Leonard 13619 (US!);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Île">Ile</normalizedToken>
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de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonâve">Gonave</normalizedToken>
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: Mahautiere,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.833334">18°50'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.23333">73°14'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 11 Aug 1927 (fr), Ekman 8883 (G! GH!); Port-au-Prince: Plaine du Cul de Sac: bw Sources Matelas and Source Puantes,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.683332">18°41'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.28333">72°17'W</geoCoordinate>
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(retroactively inferred), 15 Oct 1924 (♀ fl, fr), Ekman 2154 (A! F!). - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Azua: km 82 on road bw
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Baní">Bani</normalizedToken>
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and Azua,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.4">18°24'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.55">70°33'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], elev 50 m, 27 Oct 1973 (♀ fl, fr), Liogier 20494 (F!); Independencia: Hoya de Enriquillo: 4 km S of Boca de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cachón">Cachon</normalizedToken>
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on road to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jimaní">Jimani</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.516666">18°31'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.75">71°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], elev at least 30 m, 28 May 1987 (♂ fl), Zanoni et al. 39522 (MO! US!);
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<taxonomicName genus="Pedernales" lsidName="Pedernales" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" rank="genus">Pedernales</taxonomicName>
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: Cerca de Cabo Rojo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.9">17°54'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.6">71°36'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], elev 100 m, Jun 1975 (fr), Liogier & Liogier 23240 (GH! NY!); Santo Domingo: Trejo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.45">18°27'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.96667">69°58'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 1944 (♀ fl, fr), Schiffino 165 (GH!); Santiago: Las Lavas, about 25 miles NW of Santiago,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.466667">19°28'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.23333">71°14'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], elev 200 m, 6 May 1968 (fl), Liogier 11154 (P! US!). - PUERTO RICO. Cabo Rojo: on road bw Cabo Rojo and Pitahaya,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.05">18°63'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.566666">67°94'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 12 Jul 1963 (♀ fl, fr), Liogier 9912 (F! GH! US!); Coamo: vicinity of Coamo Springs,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.35">18°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.36667">66°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 10 Feb 1922 (fr), Britton et al. 5987 (F!); bw Serrilos and Salinas,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.683332">18°41'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.35">66°21'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 9 Dec 1885 (♀ fl, fr), Sintenis 2993 (K! G! GH! M! US!);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guánica">Guanica</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guánica">Guanica</normalizedToken>
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forest, along main road a few meters from entrance to forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.966667">17°58'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.916664">66°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred], 7 Oct 1989 (fl), Acevedo-Rodriguez & Chinea 3002 (US!); Salinas: rte 712 at rte 706,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.233334">18°14'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.21667">66°13'W</geoCoordinate>
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[retroactively inferred]), elev ca 200 m, 4 Nov 1989 (fr), Taylor 9592 (NY!); Lajas: S of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.416666">18°25'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.53333">67°32'W</geoCoordinate>
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(retroactively inferred), 18 Aug 1950 (♀ fl, fr), Little 13629 (GH!). - BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS. Virgin Gorda: SE side of peak,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.483334">18°29'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.4">64°24'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], elev ca 150 m, 22 Jun 1969 (♀ fl, fr), Little et al. 23824 (US!). - US VIRGIN ISLANDS. Buck Island: Buck Island Reef National Monument, NW end of island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.783333">17°47'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.61667">64°37'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], elev ca 15 m, 8 Apr 1967 (♂ fl), Little 22034 (A! US!); Saint John: Reef Bay Quarter; W slope of hill, NE of Fish Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.316668">18°19'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.76667">64°46'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], elev 30 m, 10 Jan 1991 (fl), Acevedo-Rodriguez & Siaca 3909 (US!); Saint Thomas: Flaghill,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.316668">18°19'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.9">64°54'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], elev ca 180 m, 14 Jun 1876 (♀ fl, fr), Eggers s.n. (GH!). - ANTIGUA: E of Willock Village,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.583334">17°95'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.816666">61°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], 18 Jun 1937 (fr), Box 858 (GH! GH! US!); Crabhill,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.25">17°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.883335">61°53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], 1849 (fr), Wullschlaegel 384 (W! M!). - SAINT MARTIN. Dutch St. Martin, Red Rock,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.083334">18°65'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-63.25">63°15'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], 9 Apr 2000 (fl), Sastre & Breuil-See 9982 (P!). - FRANCE. Guadeloupe: Saint
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barthélemy">Barthelemy</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Gouverneur,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="16.316668">16°19'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.083332">61°05'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
[retroactively inferred], 13 Apr 2000 (fr), Sastre & Breuil-See 10032 (P!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Common names</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
|
||
"bois
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’ébène”">d'ebene"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ébénier">"ebenier</normalizedToken>
|
||
noir",
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“galle-galle”">"galle-galle"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“gratte-galle”">"gratte-galle"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Haiti,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“corazón">"corazon</normalizedToken>
|
||
de paloma" (Span., pigeon heart),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ébano”">"ebano"</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“trejo”">"trejo"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Dominican Republic,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“juso”">"juso"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Puerto Rico and "greenheart ebony" in US Virgin Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, Jonathan G." journalOrPublisher="U. S. Department of the Interior, Fort Collins, USA-CO" pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" title="Buck Island Reef National Monument, U. S. VirginIslands, Vegetation Mapping Project, 2009" year="2010">Moser et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7720" type="economic use">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">Economic use</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7720">
|
||
The trunk is employed to make posts for fences (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
4593: US!), and the wood is reported to be very hard ("bastard lignum vitae", holly wood: Cook 54: GH!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |