199 lines
18 KiB
XML
199 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="452D2360F5AC5BABB3396A976A657AD5" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Lycorina indura Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:452D2360F5AC5BABB3396A976A657AD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/452D2360F5AC5BABB3396A976A657AD5" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="452D2360-F5AC-5BAB-B339-6A976A657AD5" authority="(Theobald, 1937)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina indura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indura" status="comb. nov.">Lycorina? indura (Theobald, 1937)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Lycorina? indura (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from NMBA; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693074" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla indura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indura" status="comb. nov.">* Pimpla indura</taxonomicName>
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Theobald, 1937
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(part #1323/1 and counterpart #1323/2) examined at the NMBA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Kleinkembs, Pays de Bade, Haut-Rhin, France. Early Oligocene (Rupelian), 33.9-28.4 Ma.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Sex unclear. Ventral aspect (see
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Interpretation’">'Interpretation'</normalizedToken>
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below) of head, base of antenna, mesosoma, base of fore wing, and T1-T4 of metasoma partly preserved. Body length ~9 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mostly dark brown in colour, with some light colouration on mesosoma and with metasoma mostly light-coloured, with base of T1 and paired dark markings on top of rounded swellings on T2 to T4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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rather short, with prominent eyes and clypeus and mandibles indicated.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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with scape and pedicel short, flagellar segments not discernible.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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not well preserved, with epicnemial carina complete at least ventrally; apparent constriction after mesoscutum probably due to lighter colouration on mesepimeron. Propodeum quite short.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wings</emphasis>
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very poorly preserved, but counterpart showing base of one fore wing with C, Sc + R, M + Cu on the left side in their normal position and Sc + R and M + Cu on the right side folded over, with 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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not preserved, but reddish-brown hind coxae visible in front of T1.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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with broad T1, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as broad; T2 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, T3 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; T2-T4 with paired, rounded swellings which bear traces coarse punctuation; diagonal grooves obvious on T2 and indicated on T1 and T3, transverse impressions unclear; remainder of metasoma not preserved.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693074" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina indura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indura">Lycorina? indura</taxonomicName>
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(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype obtained from NMBA;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">The interpretation of this fossil was difficult given the poor preservation. Some of the interpretation hinges upon the question of whether it shows its ventral or dorsal aspect. Theobald (Theobald 1937) concluded that he was looking at a dorsal aspect, that the mesosoma was "clearly segmented", and that he saw the three ocelli. However, we believe that the transverse line across the thorax represents the epicnemial carina, followed by the longitudinal mesosternal scrobe. Additional evidence for a ventral view is what we interpret as the two hind coxae lying in front of T1. Instead of very much enlarged ocelli, we think that the three light parts on the head represent the clypeus and mandibles. This interpretation is also in better agreement with the position of the antennae, which would be very low on the head if we were looking at a dorsal aspect. The metasoma is still interpreted as showing the tergites, but from inside; the sternites are usually so weakly sclerotized in ichneumonids that they are missing in fossils.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Overall, this fossil is badly preserved, with only the base of one fore wing visible and most of the mesosoma squashed so that no carination is discernible. The lack of complete fore wing venation makes even the family association seem uncertain; however, all the visible features correspond very well to ichneumonids, especially when comparing ventral view to other ichneumonid fossils (e.g., see the holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acerataspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acerataspis revelata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="revelata">Acerataspis? revelata</taxonomicName>
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Brues). Several unusual features are very clearly visible, especially the diagonal grooves on T2 and paired dark swellings with strong punctation on T2 and T3. There are only a few ichneumonids with such strong diagonal grooves on the tergites: the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Glyptini">Glyptini</taxonomicName>
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in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Banchinae">Banchinae</taxonomicName>
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, some genera in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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, and the members of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman & Rohwer" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycorininae">Lycorininae</taxonomicName>
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. Only in the pimpline genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and in some
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lycorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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do the diagonal groves come together with a light colouration of the metasoma and two basal swellings, which are then often black-marked as in the fossil. In
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, the grooves are closer to the anterior margin; if dark markings are present on T2, they are usually part of the medial swollen area and thus lie behind the diagonal groves, which does not seem to be the case in this fossil. Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have a yellow or orange mesosoma, although there is a recently described
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from the Fur Formation with a dark mesoscutum (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.18.468631" author="Klopfstein, S" journalOrPublisher="Alavesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refId="B18" refString="Klopfstein, S, 2021. High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation. bioRxiv: 2021.11.18.468631. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.18.468631" title="High diversity of pimpline parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from the lowermost Eocene Fur Formation. bioRxiv: 2021.11.18.468631." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.18.468631" year="2021">Klopfstein 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). The subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman & Rohwer" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycorininae">Lycorininae</taxonomicName>
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matches much more closely with the same arrangement of carinae and markings found in extant species, the mesosoma often dark and the rather short scapus. This subfamily comprises only the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lycorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which shows the basal part of the median longitudinal carinae on the propodeum, even though this state is somewhat equivocal in the fossil. We thus transfer the species to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lycorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman & Rohwer" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycorininae">Lycorininae</taxonomicName>
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but mark it with a question mark given the poor preservation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae</taxonomicName>
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Shuckard, 1840
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Monoblastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monoblastus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Monoblastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? Hartig, 1837
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |