126 lines
16 KiB
XML
126 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="4B4C7062C43B18E9E5050B626844BE26" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6521280e-b9ab-455b-924f-845d29542f60" ModsDocID="z01273p055" checkinTime="1247149573472" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Murat Bilecenoglu" docDate="2006" docId="B5621CC91C1D355FEC08FCCEDCA079F4" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Bilecenoglu_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1273" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:489D488F-6F25-4950-8FA4-8FDBF4C8AB00" docTitle="Macroramphosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="2F01D88A13468098E57BBF3005CC41E8" masterDocTitle="Status of the genus Macroramphosus (Syngnathiformes: Centriscidae) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea." masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1701314429513" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="95E182AFFF7B0983D4BC2F381016CD42">Status of the genus Macroramphosus (Syngnathiformes: Centriscidae) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB9F503E54C6586D9AD6C8A1D9FA5991">Murat Bilecenoglu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="80F61DC2BB33D53A31C6E068551B8332">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5D8212DA314D6C9BA578144EC762B246">
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<mods:date id="B8DCCBB2F49F32C1DC3EEA2A706D128F">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F97B611AFA00B73EE9393259F33D522C">1273</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DAC944891D7495FA4700FACE11B5026C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C21B5333A34787E463B4FBF6ECDB2118" type="Plazi-Custom">z01273p055</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8C4C37630677542EB78DE362994E02AC" type="ZooBank">489D488F-6F25-4950-8FA4-8FDBF4C8AB00</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B5621CC91C1D355FEC08FCCEDCA079F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6260926" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6260926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5621CC91C1D355FEC08FCCEDCA079F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5621CC91C1D355FEC08FCCEDCA079F4" lastPageNumber="62" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="1F31FBA964B1B84CA0704E956FB9137E" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A9C5BFCC20CCD9CE28C73C45AA7D938F">
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[[ Genus
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<taxonomicName id="C69134ECBC1B92FD95B5ECE43E8CF4AF" ID-CoL="5JML" ID-ENA="206123" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4975C897-6F01-44E8-B817-18DE1E17E2E5" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Macroramphosus Lacépède 1803:136" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macroramphosus</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0391BC892374928A26D2C73A09650557" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="48FCA02E40357352953DE0CD48C79463" pageNumber="60">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AF9C15E43E106DB6EB55AFAE3D1C9D7" pageNumber="60">A total of 16 proportions of morphometric measurements were analyzed in this study. Five parameters (SnL/SL, HL/SL, PBL/SL, SnL/HL, MBD/LBDS) were similar between the two species, while a statistically significant difference was found for the remaining 11 characters (Table 1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5861581D5D0874B0AA347F3881E98D14" pageNumber="60">
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Eye diameter measurements and its proportion in relation to HL, D1-D2 and PHL gave significant results. The most striking ratios were found to be as ED/D1-D2 (eye diameter greater than the length between dorsal fins in
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<taxonomicName id="6F78B128AE6E2FA9DF15AB796868196C" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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versus smaller in
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<taxonomicName id="C1B31CC7A178020FC7B85FB65807221C" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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) and ED/PHL (postocular head length smaller than the eye diameter in
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<taxonomicName id="CF837F49ECDBB1A5F8AAFD97E31226A9" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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, larger in
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<taxonomicName id="8519341FE894FC9CF5530B45F55ED8A0" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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). These ratios were previously used in identification keys to Mediterranean centriscid species by Bauchot & Pras (1980) and Tortonese (1970), respectively. The mean ED/HL indicates a smaller eye diameter for
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<taxonomicName id="813D34A4081DF0620B2A0A5E8706B3B9" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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(16.74%), when compared to
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<taxonomicName id="EF1DB37D93EBDB5D9C68340FB2E72968" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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(19.04%).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC279DA6FB2F5A80C341AB4CA9E200C0" pageNumber="60">
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In several previous studies, length of dorsal spine (LDS) was considered as a very important character to discriminate
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<taxonomicName id="32E3B22056DA43D076A5F6313BE6CBCA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4975C897-6F01-44E8-B817-18DE1E17E2E5" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Macroramphosus Lacépède 1803:136" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macroramphosus</taxonomicName>
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spp. Our findings revealed a slight overlap in the range values of LDS/SL and LDS/PBL; however, their mean values indicate a clear difference between the two species, where
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<taxonomicName id="43D32142F6E66EC6997FCF8BEFB6933B" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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has a shorter dorsal spine when compared to
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<taxonomicName id="0558E4B012E19B919D79A178E27D1987" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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. Similar results were obtained from studies conducted in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Brethes, 1979; Assis, 1992; Mathiessen et al., 2003; Miyazaki et al., 2004). The eastern Mediterranean specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="339740F6F6C1FA4AA24B3A3AE81C5666" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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had conspicuously weaker dorsal spines, which does not reach to caudal base, as also noted by
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<normalizedToken id="B96621C244F312F83A818C24A5420BAE" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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(1889) and Smith (1965).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B3C41CB26BC0F8F3ED589AE9C46949C" pageNumber="60">
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Maximum body depths of the two species differ significantly. MBD/SL and MBD/ PBL ratios were smaller for
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<taxonomicName id="5D234F5683CBA8BC58FE6EAD65C8507D" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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, as a result of the slender body shape. Similar results were obtained by Brethes (1979), Assis (1992) and Miyazaki et al. (2004). We determined that body depth is found 3.71-4.60 times in SL of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB17E5C9A2336AA2F0B07B18E1249BA" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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, and 4.53-5.39 times in
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<taxonomicName id="5805395D8F3AA6975843C882D03DFA47" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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, in agreement with the findings of Tortonese (1970).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AC2E1D1D36356628484C2C6A81C4E7D" pageNumber="62">
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Apart from metric measurements, some other distinctive morphological characters were determined between the two species. The occipital crest located at the anterior part of eye bears prominent spinules in two or three rows in
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<taxonomicName id="0A16D13A707B16E77F2BCDCB73EF4750" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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, but no spinule was observed on the occipital crest of
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<taxonomicName id="08C10BE59CDAD652F679706D9ECFDCEB" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 3). D’Ancona (1933) reported that, both supraorbital and occipital crests are visible in specimens with 3 mm length, becoming conspicuous in fish larger than 9 mm. Thus, a change in occipital crest structure through developmental stages between juveniles and adults is not expected, and this character can be used in distinguishing the two centriscid species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC2056422B87B34D30885E2C8CE902B3" pageNumber="62">
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The relatively straight ventral body profile of
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<taxonomicName id="4B3E9DE9B2AF7A0E16B5985F4278EDAE" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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is another distinctive feature, which was also mentioned in previous studies (D’Ancona, 1933; Miyazaki et al., 2004). The well-developed elevated scutes between the pelvic and anal fins of
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<taxonomicName id="B0E6E73F8163CC5440998489FE80FE46" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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are conspicuous, while in
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<taxonomicName id="59BB30C3BD9B7540E78388D94256EE7B" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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scutes are either absent or represented by a single weakly developed scute (Figure 4). This character was stated to be diagnostic for Japanese
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<taxonomicName id="E752FCF54376AA12EB76FFC5FEE32574" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4975C897-6F01-44E8-B817-18DE1E17E2E5" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Macroramphosus Lacépède 1803:136" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macroramphosus</taxonomicName>
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spp. (Miyazaki et al., 2004), which seems to be also valid for Mediterranean species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="515673F11EC538CE52A793D4E0AF5172" pageNumber="62">
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The number of spinules along the posterior margin of D2 spine of
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<taxonomicName id="9DA74D9EB7D7E5C4EC875482F3B2A929" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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tends to be lower than
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<taxonomicName id="2883F58D0C8B78FA0149154E17E17580" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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(0-14 vs 14-23 spinules). The less denticulated dorsal spine structure of
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<taxonomicName id="85B399738EA23C7936F3E7EAFF8CC4AD" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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was also indicated by
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<normalizedToken id="43B9134C8059EC8414EDC28CB07267C0" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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(1889) and Tortonese (1970). Miyazaki et al. (2004) examined dorsal spine denticulation based on Japanese coast centriscids, where a degeneration of spinules by 50 mm SL was noted for
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<taxonomicName id="1A04E026E8485AADCF16A36AC0A49B87" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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- which is not the case in Mediterranean specimens. Since both centriscid species are known to be sympatric (i.e. Assis, 1992), the assumption indicated by Matthiessen et al. (2004) that ecological differences in diet composition and habitat use of sympatric species promotes morphological diversification should be concerned.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B289483757D44D04160C255C825FDDF" lastPageNumber="63" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="44177F6DECE520F044EDA179C051B062" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macroramphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">Macroramphosus scolopax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C1656D25F8F2DF00C7AE0E3E4A09C97E" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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are two morphologically similar species with some overlapping metric and meristic measurements, and no single character provides precise (Assis, 1992; Mathiessen et al., 2003). Based on the results of our study, the following combination of characters should be used in distinguishing Mediterranean specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="038ABA7B748BE1844F8D6356139F74ED" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">M. gracilis</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="DB2529C98A38AE1ED2129CE4D78D6492" family="Centriscidae" genus="Macrorhamphosus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scolopax">M. scolopax</taxonomicName>
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: first dorsal fin originating before anus; second spine of first dorsal not extending beyond second dorsal fin base; length between two dorsal fins greater than the eye diameter; ventral scutes not protruding; less developed projecting scute between pelvic and anal fins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |