183 lines
16 KiB
XML
183 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075" ID-GBIF-Dataset="718cdf1f-ce26-44fd-a822-381cb8f5605b" ID-PMC="PMC3208533" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-143-47" ID-PubMed="22144866" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-143-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 143" ModsDocTitle="The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" checkinTime="1451249721601" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mawdsley, Jonathan R., Erwin, Terry L., Sithole, Hendrik, Mawdsley, James L. & Mawdsley, Alice S." docDate="2011" docId="A6D0B61C9A3A62D0F4F940DBB3ABEB97" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 143: 47-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 143" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075" docTitle="Anthia Weber 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="6050B464FFE1D36FAE76CE32FF60532B" masterDocTitle="The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668152558385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Anthia Weber in the Republic of South Africa, Identification, distribution, biogeography, and behavior (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Jonathan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sithole, Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, James L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Alice S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.143.2075</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-143-47</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6D0B61C9A3A62D0F4F940DBB3ABEB97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6D0B61C9A3A62D0F4F940DBB3ABEB97" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthia" authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia Weber, 1801</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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Weber (1801:17).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus sexguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexguttatus">Carabus sexguttatus</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius (1775:236); subsequent designation by Latreille (1810:426). Type Species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Pachymorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachymorpha" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachymorpha</taxonomicName>
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Hope (1838:51); synonymized by Basilewsky (1950:80).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoracolobus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoracolobus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thoracolobus</taxonomicName>
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Gistel (1857:50); synonymized by Csiki (1929:377).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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Body large and massive, adults of South African species always 40 mm or greater in length; body black or dark brown, usually with yellow or white setae and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="50" start="start">pubescence</pageBreakToken>
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. Prothorax cordiform, distinctly expanded laterally and usually with large lateral flanges. Mandibles and prothorax sexually dimorphic: mandibles elongate in males, shorter in females; base of pronotum with two posterior flanges or flattened extensions in males, tumescent without extensions in females. Elytra smooth with rows of minute punctures or feebly striatiopunctate, never markedly striatiopunctate in South African species (although other species in the genus do have striatiopunctate elytra).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="recognition from sympatric genera">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Recognition from sympatric genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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Specimens of southern African species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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may be readily distinguished from those of allied genera by the presence of broad lateral flanges on the pronotum and the sexual dimorphism in the structure of the mandibles and pronotal base. Most other South African
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rank="tribe" tribe="Anthiini">Anthiini</taxonomicName>
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also have the elytra markedly striatiopunctate, at least in part. The only sympatric genus with which species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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might be confused is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Termophilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Termophilum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Termophilum</taxonomicName>
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Basilewsky, that contains several large species that are similar in overall appearance and markings with those of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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. However, species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Termophilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Termophilum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Termophilum</taxonomicName>
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have a much simpler pronotal structure that lacks the large lateral flanges and secondary sexual characteristics present in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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species. Species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Termophilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Termophilum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Termophilum</taxonomicName>
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also lack the sexual dimorphism in the mandibles that is seen in species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="notes on taxonomy">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Notes on Taxonomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<bibRefCitation author="Basilewsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="74" pagination="78 - 80" title="Descriptions de coleopteres Carabidae nouveau d'Afrique et notes diverses sur des especes deja connues, VI." volume="55" year="1950">Basilewsky (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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was the first to point out that the generic names
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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Weber and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Pachymorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachymorpha" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachymorpha</taxonomicName>
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Hope have the same type species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carabus sexguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexguttatus">Carabus sexguttatus</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius. The name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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clearly has priority over
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Pachymorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachymorpha" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachymorpha</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Basilewsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="74" pagination="78 - 80" title="Descriptions de coleopteres Carabidae nouveau d'Afrique et notes diverses sur des especes deja connues, VI." volume="55" year="1950">Basilewsky (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that a replacement name for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diapheromeridae" genus="Pachymorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachymorpha" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachymorpha</taxonomicName>
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was not necessary, as the species formerly classified in that genus fit readily within his restricted concept of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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, a generic concept which we follow here.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thoracolobus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thoracolobus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thoracolobus</taxonomicName>
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was proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gistel, J" journalOrPublisher="Schoner'sche Buchhandulung, Straubing" pageId="28" pageNumber="75" title="Achthundert und zwanig neue oder unbeschriebene wirbellose thiere." year="1857">Gistel (1857)</bibRefCitation>
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for the two species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia maxillosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxillosa">Anthia maxillosa</taxonomicName>
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(F.) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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(Thunberg) and is clearly synonymous with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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Weber as treated here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="50" type="key to south african species of anthia weber 1801">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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Key to South African species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anthia</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Weber 1801</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<table pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia maxillosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxillosa">Anthia maxillosa</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia cinctipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctipennis">Anthia cinctipennis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">Figure 28</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia thoracica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracica">Anthia thoracica</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">Figure 31</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia circumscripta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscripta">Anthia circumscripta</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |