274 lines
32 KiB
XML
274 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="310c95ad-8bf1-4955-acfb-c1368c0222a7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834695" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-55-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" ID-ZBK="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575140" ID-ZooBank="0E1B0A14F8714CD89F2910B255677621" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:11180142-ED8D-4F39-AE24-6358C767A9D8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-55-139" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" ModsDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" checkinTime="1493464749952" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger A., Heraty, John M., Mottern, Jason, Dominguez, Chrysalyn & Heacox, Scott" docDate="2017" docId="41F77AAA45B93585D2273EC3425B35B5" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 55: 139-188" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55" docPubDate="2017-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482" docTitle="Ivieosema Heraty & Burks 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="11180142-ED8D-4F39-AE24-6358C767A9D8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="FFF5667EAD5E7A6FFFEC2B6CFFB7D800" masterDocTitle="Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="139" pageId="22" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1643484763995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">john.heraty@ucr.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mottern, Jason</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 & USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dominguez, Chrysalyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>139</mods:start>
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<mods:end>188</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.55.11482</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-55-139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575140</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834695" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:11180142-ED8D-4F39-AE24-6358C767A9D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41F77AAA45B93585D2273EC3425B35B5" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="22" pageNumber="161">
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/11180142-ED8D-4F39-AE24-6358C767A9D8" authority="Heraty & Burks" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Ivieosema Heraty & Burks</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="22" pageNumber="161">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="22" pageNumber="161">Figs 38-43</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–48" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 44 - 48. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 44 fore wing 45 metasoma, lateral, lateral view of ovipositor in top left corner. Holotype male: 46 habitus, lateral 47 head, anterior 48 antennae, dorsal. dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula, F 1 / an = anellus; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures44-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134113" pageId="22" pageNumber="161">, 44-48</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="22" pageNumber="161">, 49-54</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="162" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="162" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heraty" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema striatosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatosoma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Orasema striatosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Heraty, 1994: 68-70, figs 98-105.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="162" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Named after Michael Ivie of Montana State University; gender feminine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">
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Defined by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B10" refString="Heraty, JM, 1994. Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 157: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" title="Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" volume="157" year="1994">Heraty (1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 68) as the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heraty" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema striatosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatosoma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Orasema striatosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group.
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<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Ivieosema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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previously contained two mainland African species, which
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B10" refString="Heraty, JM, 1994. Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 157: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" title="Classification and evolution of the Oraseminae in the Old World, with revisions of two closely related genera of Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53489" volume="157" year="1994">Heraty (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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noted as being very different from other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks & Heraty & Mottern & Dominguez & Heacox" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Orasema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Orasema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The two new Malagasy species that we include are even more different from other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
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in many ways, but share several features with
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<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema striatosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatosoma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Ivieosema striatosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Heraty), and to a lesser degree with
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<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema fraudulenta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudulenta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Ivieosema fraudulenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Reichensperger): a large pit immediately ventral to the median ocellus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">39</figureCitation>
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), continuous striae extending from the axillae to the mesoscutellar disc (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">52</figureCitation>
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), propodeal shape and sculpture (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">52</figureCitation>
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), and the laterally sinuate posterior margin of the gastral tergites (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–48" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 44 - 48. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 44 fore wing 45 metasoma, lateral, lateral view of ovipositor in top left corner. Holotype male: 46 habitus, lateral 47 head, anterior 48 antennae, dorsal. dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula, F 1 / an = anellus; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures44-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134113" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">45-46</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">49</figureCitation>
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). They differ from the African
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<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. striatosoma" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" rank="species" species="striatosoma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">I. striatosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="I." lsidName="I. fraudulenta" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" rank="species" species="fraudulenta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">I. fraudulenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in several major ways, including the presence of two additional pairs of depressions between the eye and antennal scrobe, prepectus slightly swollen rather than weakly foveate, lack of any indication of an anterior transverse petiolar carina, and presence of a thickened basal fold in the fore wing. They also exhibit further reductions in surface sculpture, mouthparts and wing setation. All of the species have a closely appressed pronotum and prepectus that appear fused in the Malagasy species, a nearly quadrate anellus, and a thickened marginal vein. Notably the anterior margin of the fore wing beyond the stigmal vein is rounded similar to that of
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<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Cymosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Cymosema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">
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Separated from other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="162" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oraseminae">Oraseminae</taxonomicName>
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by the deep sharply impressed pit just below the median ocellus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">39</figureCitation>
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). Distinguished from other Old World genera by the head subtriangular in frontal view (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="23" pageNumber="162">50</figureCitation>
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); scrobal depression below pit
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="163" start="start">broadly</pageBreakToken>
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impressed, lacking parallel channels or dorsal scrobal foveae; dorsal occipital margin abrupt and rounded; funicle 7-segmented; labrum with 4-digits; mesonotum appearing bare, at most with minute setae; mesoscutal lateral lobes and frenum finely sculptured; transscutal articulation complete or fused medially; propodeal disc evenly and finely sculptured (Figs
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">43</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">52</figureCitation>
|
||
); prepectus with upper panel broad and flat, at most with a slightly raised posterior margin, very tightly appressed to posterior margin of pronotum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–43" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 38 - 43. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 38 head and mesosoma, lateral 39 head, anterior 40 antenna, medial 41 mesosoma, lateral 42 mesosoma, dorsal 43 mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">41</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">52</figureCitation>
|
||
); fore wing with basal area pilose or bare (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–48" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 44 - 48. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 44 fore wing 45 metasoma, lateral, lateral view of ovipositor in top left corner. Holotype male: 46 habitus, lateral 47 head, anterior 48 antennae, dorsal. dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula, F 1 / an = anellus; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures44-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134113" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 55. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134123" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">55</figureCitation>
|
||
), wing disc with dense long setae (African species) or lacking setae but with sockets apparent (Malagasy species); marginal vein thickened along entire length; postmarginal vein absent or not much longer than stigmal vein; petiole base narrowed into foramen and lacking basal flange (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–48" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 44 - 48. Ivieosema confluens. Paratype female: 44 fore wing 45 metasoma, lateral, lateral view of ovipositor in top left corner. Holotype male: 46 habitus, lateral 47 head, anterior 48 antennae, dorsal. dv = dorsal (2 nd) valvula, F 1 / an = anellus; vv = ventral (1 st) valvula." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures44-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134113" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">45</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 49–54" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 49 - 54. Ivieosema limula. Holotype female: 49 habitus, lateral 50 head, anterior 51 antenna, lateral 52 mesosoma, lateral 53 mesosoma, dorsal 54 ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F 1 / an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">52</figureCitation>
|
||
); antecostal sulcus present and smooth; posterior lateral margin of gastral tergites 1-4 sinuate; first valvula of ovipositor with several fine lateral teeth. Male scape lacking ventral pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="163" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Host association.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Myrmicinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Heraty & Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema fraudulenta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudulenta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Ivieosema fraudulenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Pheidole megacephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fabricius (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0495" author="Reichensperger, A" journalOrPublisher="Cobios" pageId="47" pageNumber="186" refId="B21" refString="Reichensperger, A, 1913. Zur kentnis von Myrmecophilen aus Abessinen, I. Zoologische Jahrbücher. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0495" title="Zur kentnis von Myrmecophilen aus Abessinen, I. Zoologische Jahrbu ̈ cher." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0495" year="1913">Reichensperger 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Ethiopian and Malagasy regions.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989733" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures38-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134110" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" start="Figures 38–43" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Figures 38-43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema confluens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Ivieosema confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Paratype female:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">38</emphasis>
|
||
head and mesosoma, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">39</emphasis>
|
||
head, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">40</emphasis>
|
||
antenna, medial
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">41</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">42</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">43</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, posterior. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F1/an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; sod = subocellar depression; tsa = transscutal articulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989703" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures44-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134113" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" start="Figures 44–48" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Figures 44-48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema confluens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Ivieosema confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Paratype female:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">44</emphasis>
|
||
fore wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">45</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, lateral, lateral view of ovipositor in top left corner. Holotype male:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">46</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">47</emphasis>
|
||
head, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">48</emphasis>
|
||
antennae, dorsal. dv = dorsal (2nd) valvula, F1/an = anellus; vv = ventral (1st) valvula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="989705" doi="10.3897/jhr.55.11482.figures49-54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/134121" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" start="Figures 49–54" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Figures 49-54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Heraty & Burks, 2017" authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Ivieosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ivieosema limula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">Ivieosema limula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype female:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">49</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">50</emphasis>
|
||
head, anterior
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">51</emphasis>
|
||
antenna, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">52</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">53</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="163">54</emphasis>
|
||
ovipositor, lateral. dfd = dorsal frontal depression; F1/an = anellus; lg = longitudinal groove; mts = metascutellum; tsa = transscutal articulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |