662 lines
112 KiB
XML
662 lines
112 KiB
XML
<document id="4323FC3C7102BDDC1397F621BB9BD2E1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3244624-5044-427d-a4e1-b48a7213622c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219492" ID-ZooBank="C8213487-E392-4E16-9D81-51548F88E976" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460583469521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cameron, Christopher B. & Ostiguy, Angélica" docDate="2013" docId="1B379B4AFFF9197BFF7F7B64FD52C6C4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03630p154.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3630 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Glossobalanus williami Cameron & Ostiguy, 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="E70EE332FFFA1972FFE8787BFFA3C012" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Glossobalanus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Ptychoderidae) from western North America" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="146" updateTime="1698324710606" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="005E6B8368F811A97478AF080A7A7C52">
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<mods:title id="5E6B518693260AFDAF723976C2B3CC5D">Three new species of Glossobalanus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Ptychoderidae) from western North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F493D619587AEAAAAF5F042A526B9B73" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AC6ECDBC4533D5BAD545E33DCA824F83">Cameron, Christopher B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E4F3F200BDD56257290E16DE84C203CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CD92DB088E21BAF5458F4712FCEE2474">Ostiguy, Angélica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8B5D7A2DC0CD2BC2E9D4DA22DCDF7DAB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="47C5ECC2C9A45982070C097C0C47884E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D4DE27304F181C9289890B27DB8ECC8D">
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<mods:date id="BDD2B44BA6F49A16B14B21847BDFF86F">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E83FBF919AE9FDAAC4D56AC40AD4441B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D599ED41BEB0661C34A95CA14B8D81F5">3630</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8E1CAF3D9AF214C65E12355C4C60B9E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="46CAB2ECFB84ABFBE3BA6A8D02E5E923" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF5D51BFC8904924407ADD1BB311430E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1B379B4AFFF9197BFF7F7B64FD52C6C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6159055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564165" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6159055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B379B4AFFF9197BFF7F7B64FD52C6C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B379B4AFFF9197BFF7F7B64FD52C6C4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF91971FF7F7B64FF48C348" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF7F7B64FE58C32B" blockId="3.[151,507,799,858]" box="[151,507,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<heading id="C8699D30FFF91971FF7F7B64FE58C32B" bold="true" box="[151,507,799,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FF7F7B64FE58C32B" bold="true" box="[151,507,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF91971FF7F7B64FE12C32B" ID-CoL="3GDF4" box="[151,433,799,825]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="williami" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FF7F7B64FE12C32B" bold="true" box="[151,433,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Glossobalanus williami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAD94B35FFF91971FE517B64FE58C32B" box="[441,507,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF7F7B39FF48C348" blockId="3.[151,507,799,858]" box="[151,235,834,858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FF777B39FF40C348" box="[159,227,834,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF91971FF7F7BF0FD5AC3D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF7F7BF0FD5AC3D4" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FF7F7BF0FEBDC3B1" bold="true" box="[151,286,907,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name honors G.F.G. William of Reed College, Portland, who donated several fixed specimens taken from the Oregon coast to the Bullock collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF91971FF2F7BA9FE32C421" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF2F7BA9FE32C421" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FF2F7BA9FE11C3F9" bold="true" box="[199,434,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FE537BA8FD89C3F9" box="[443,554,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<typeStatus id="4C2594FEFFF91971FE537BA8FD86C3F9" box="[443,549,979,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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USNM 1192961 (T.H. Bullock accession no. 543-1), comprising nine slides. Only two specimens, one complete, were originally collected; the second is in too poor a shape to be formally designated a
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<typeStatus id="4C2594FEFFF91971FEC17C60FE2EC421" box="[297,397,1051,1075]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF91971FF2F7C45FCCAC7C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" type="description">
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF2F7C45FDECC48C" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF91971FF2F7C45FEFAC445" bold="true" box="[199,345,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Description.</emphasis>
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Whole living specimen
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<quantity id="546687B9FFF91971FD9C7C45FD18C444" box="[628,699,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
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long, proboscis relatively short at
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<quantity id="546687B9FFF91971FBA77C45FB0AC444" box="[1103,1193,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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, collar
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<quantity id="546687B9FFF91971FAE97C45FAF9C444" box="[1281,1370,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long. Proboscis of live specimen cream to very light tan in colour. (Data for colour and length of live worm taken from field notes made by G. Ridgel in 1958.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF2F7CD1FBCEC65C" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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Longitudinal musculature of proboscis arranged in radial bundles. Nerve-fiber layer thicker than circularmuscle-fiber layer. Ventral septum of proboscis extending nearly to tip of stomochord anteriorly but not reaching ventral wall of proboscis in this region (
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FDB77C89FD00C518" box="[607,675,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). No dorsal septum; dorsal proboscis coelom separated into right and left only in peduncular region by cardiac vesicle. Anteriorly, cardiac vessel coextensive with stomochord. Further posteriorly, cardiac vescicle is quite roomy, reaching dorsal wall. Glomerulus very poorly developed, confined to sides, especially at junction of stomochord and cardiac vesicle (
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FC1B7D25FB9BC564" box="[1011,1080,1374,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B). Anteriorly it extends a little beyond tip of stomochord; two halves of glomerulus confluent. Stomochord lumen extending clearly to tip. Stomochord circular in cross section in anterior region; no distinct ventral or ventrolateral blind pouches (caeca) except for moderate ventromedian bulging. Neck of stomochord with discrete lumen. Skeleton with no anterior spine, and no sharp and deep keel (
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FDDB7D95FDD9C614" box="[563,634,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C); a characteristic appearance in transverse section with a broad and obtuse ventral part. Only left proboscis canal present, opening out through discrete left proboscis pore (
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FADD7E69FAD9C638" box="[1333,1402,1554,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C). Perihaemal cavities extending a little anterior to proboscis pore. Peduncle very delicate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF2F7E21FD6CC710" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
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Dorsal septum of collar complete anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FD2D7E21FCA9C660" box="[709,778,1626,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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D); ventral septum confined only to posterior extremity of collar. No anterior neuropore, but posterior neuropore present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FC6C7E05FC6EC684" box="[900,973,1662,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Collar nerve cord lacking lumen or lacunae; no dorsal roots either. Skeletal cornua confined only to anterior third of collar, turning down sharply and extending three quarters of length down circumference of buccal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FC337EBDFB83C6CC" box="[987,1056,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Collar canals well developed, opening out along with first gill pouches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FD847E91FD13C710" box="[620,688,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF91971FF2F7F74FCCAC7C8" blockId="3.[151,1436,906,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
|
||
In pharyngeal region, branchial part of pharynx occupying dorsal 2/3, with non-branchial part constituting ventral 1/
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFF91971FEEA7F49FE8CC758" box="[258,303,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
transverse section. Branchial openings dorsolateral, quite widely open, conspicuous and superficial (not in deep groove) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FE797F2DFE75C77C" box="[401,470,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Postbranchial canal discrete, on right side of digestive part of posterior region of branchial gut. Gonads containing vitellogenic oocytes beginning only
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFF91971FC577F01FBA0C780" box="[959,1027,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind collar. Only primary lateral gonads present; dorsal gonads absent. No clear-cut genital ridges, gonads lateroventral in position, appearing as single sacs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFF91971FEF77FB9FEC1C7C8" box="[287,354,1986,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus williami. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations: cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; dep; dorsal epidermal pocket; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; go, gonad; gp, gill pore; nc, nerve cord; nfl, nerve-fiber layer; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; pcp, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pn, anterior neuropore; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sb, skeletal body; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunck coelom; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vs, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Gonadal openings ventral to gill openings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C7E17AD4FFFE1976FF7F7EE9FDC4C7C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" targetBox="[244,1344,193,1661]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFE1976FF7F7EE9FDC4C7C8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1682,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FF7F7EE9FEB6C6BA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1682,1705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of transverse sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFE1976FD057EE8FC43C6BB" box="[749,992,1683,1705]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="williami">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FD057EE8FC43C6BB" box="[749,992,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Glossobalanus williami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Proboscis with radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex, and ventral septum. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with a distinct lumen and poorly developed glomerulus. C, Proboscis peduncle showing the proboscis canal and obtuse skeletal keel. D, Anterior collar showing only a dorsal septum. E, Mid collar with parabuccal diverticula and lateral skeletal cornua. F, Posterior collar showing canals to the first pair of gill atria. G, Pharynx with conspicuous gill slits. H, Pharynx showing only primary gonads. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FA977F75FA3FC731" bold="true" box="[1407,1436,1806,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">cc,</emphasis>
|
||
collar canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FEF17F56FE88C750" bold="true" box="[281,299,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">cl</emphasis>
|
||
, collar lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FE2B7F56FE7AC750" bold="true" box="[451,473,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">cv</emphasis>
|
||
, cardiac vesicle;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FD607F56FD0CC750" bold="true" box="[648,687,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">dep</emphasis>
|
||
; dorsal epidermal pocket;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FC547F56FC77C750" bold="true" box="[956,980,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FB937F56FB37C750" bold="true" box="[1147,1172,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">ep</emphasis>
|
||
, epidermis
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FAE27F56FAB4C750" bold="true" box="[1290,1303,1837,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">g</emphasis>
|
||
, glomerulus;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FF7F7F30FF11C772" bold="true" box="[151,178,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">gb</emphasis>
|
||
, gill bar;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FEFE7F30FE8CC772" bold="true" box="[278,303,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">go</emphasis>
|
||
, gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FE617F30FE00C772" bold="true" box="[393,419,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">gp</emphasis>
|
||
, gill pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FDFD7F30FD8DC772" bold="true" box="[533,558,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve cord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FD5E7F31FD70C773" bold="true" box="[694,723,1866,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">nfl</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve-fiber layer;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FC717F30FC60C772" bold="true" box="[921,963,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pbd</emphasis>
|
||
, peribuccal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FB547F30FB76C772" bold="true" box="[1212,1237,1867,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pc</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis coelom;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FF7F7F11FF66C76D" bold="true" box="[151,197,1898,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pcm</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis circular muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FE1D7F11FDBFC76D" bold="true" box="[501,540,1898,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pcp</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis canal (and pore) of the peduncle;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FC1F7F11FB84C76D" bold="true" box="[1015,1063,1898,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">phd,</emphasis>
|
||
perihaemal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FACD7F11FA99C76D" bold="true" box="[1317,1338,1898,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pl</emphasis>
|
||
, pharynx lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FF0B7FF2FEAEC78C" bold="true" box="[227,269,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">plm</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FD887FF2FD21C78C" bold="true" box="[608,642,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pn,</emphasis>
|
||
anterior neuropore;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FCB97FF2FCCDC78C" bold="true" box="[849,878,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">pr,</emphasis>
|
||
parabranchial ridges;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FBB87FF2FBC3C78C" bold="true" box="[1104,1120,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">s,</emphasis>
|
||
stomochord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FB037FF2FAA0C78C" bold="true" box="[1259,1283,1929,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">sb</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal body;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FF7F7FDCFF11C7AE" bold="true" box="[151,178,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">sc,</emphasis>
|
||
skeletal cornua;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FEB67FDCFED5C7AE" bold="true" box="[350,374,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">sk</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal keel;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FDE67FDCFD82C7AE" bold="true" box="[526,545,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">tc</emphasis>
|
||
, trunck coelom;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FD257FDCFD52C7AE" bold="true" box="[717,753,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">tlm</emphasis>
|
||
, trunk longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFE1976FBF17FDCFB8CC7AE" bold="true" box="[1049,1071,1959,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral septum. Scale bars: A, E, F = 500 μm; B, C = 100 μm; D, G, H = 250 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFF1977FF2F78E3FA82C0BD" box="[199,1313,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F78E3FA82C0BD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,644]" box="[199,1313,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF2F78E3FEC6C0A2" bold="true" box="[199,357,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C2594FEFFFF1977FF2F78E3FEA1C0A2" box="[199,258,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
North Bay, Cape Arago, Coos County, Oregon. Collected by G. Ridgel
|
||
<date id="E7200C9CFFFF1977FB6178ECFABFC0BD" box="[1161,1308,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" value="1958-07-30">30 July 1958</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFF1977FF2F78C7FEA9C41D" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F78C7FB07C22E" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF2F78C7FE98C0C6" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The present form is quite distinct from the other three species occurring on the west coast of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFFF1977FF7F78A4FF58C0E5" box="[151,251,223,247]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FE0A789BFDDAC0EA" box="[482,633,224,248]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="hartmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FE0A789BFDDAC0EA" box="[482,633,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">G. hartmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FD47789BFC9BC0EA" box="[687,824,224,248]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FD47789BFC9BC0EA" box="[687,824,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">G. barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the possession of the following characters: circularfiber layer notably thicker than nerve-fiber layer in proboscis; anterior extent of glomerulus; stomochord circular in cross section anteriorly; absence of ventrolateral pouches in stomochord; almost-flat anterior face of proboscis skeleton; form of keel of skeleton; left proboscis pore; complete dorsal septum in collar; absence of dorsal nerve roots in collar; absence of lumen or lacunae in collar cord; larger size of branchial part of pharynx in transverse section; gonads starting at considerable distance posterior to collar; absence of dorsal gonads. Likewise the present form differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FE8C79C3FE48C1C2" box="[356,491,440,464]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="berkeleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FE8C79C3FE48C1C2" box="[356,491,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">G. berkeleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characters: absence of genital ridges; possession of discrete lumen throughout length of stomochord; absence of ventrolateral blind pouches in stomochord; very different structure and arrangement of proboscis skeleton; extent of skeletal cornua in collar; complete dorsal septum in collar; absence of dorsal nerve roots in collar; appearance of collar nerve cord in transverse section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F7A33FCADC296" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FF2F7A33FE70C272" box="[199,467,584,608]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="williami">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF2F7A33FE70C272" box="[199,467,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Glossobalanus williami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also sufficiently different from all other known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FBF57A33FB60C272" box="[1053,1219,584,608]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FBF57A33FB60C272" box="[1053,1219,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Glossobalanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to warrant recognition as a new species. Its defining characters are:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7ACFFDEBC2DE" blockId="5.[151,873,692,895]" box="[151,584,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">very poorly developed glomerulus</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7AACFD95C2FD" blockId="5.[151,873,692,895]" box="[151,566,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">complete dorsal septum of collar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7A87FDF6C325" blockId="5.[151,873,692,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">absence of lacunae or lumen in the collar cord absence of dorsal roots in the collar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7B3FFDDEC36D" blockId="5.[151,873,692,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">no anterior neuropore, but the posterior neuropore is present only the primary lateral gonads present</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7BA8FEA9C41D" blockId="5.[151,523,979,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF7F7BA8FDA8C3FE" bold="true" box="[151,523,979,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFF1977FF7F7BA8FE66C3FE" box="[151,453,979,1004]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="hartmanae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF7F7BA8FE66C3FE" bold="true" box="[151,453,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Glossobalanus hartmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAD94B35FFFF1977FE247BAFFDA8C3FE" box="[460,523,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FF777B8CFF46C41D" box="[159,229,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[188,1387,677,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1403,675,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photograph of fixed specimens of A, Glossobalanus hartmanae n. sp.; B, G. b a r n h a r t i n. sp.; C, G. m i n u t u s. Abbeviations: bg, branchiogenital region of trunk; c, collar; ct, caudal region of trunk; ht, hepatic trunk; p, proboscis. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219493/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FF1B7B8CFEA2C41D" box="[243,257,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFF1977FF7F7C3BFD5AC46E" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF7F7C3BFD5AC46E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1087,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF7F7C3BFEBDC44A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1088,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name honors Dr. Olga Hartman of the University of Southern California, long a major contributor to systematic and zoogeographic invertebrate zoology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFF1977FF2F7CFCFAFBC48D" box="[199,1368,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F7CFCFAFBC48D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1087,1976]" box="[199,1368,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF2F7CFCFE13C4B2" bold="true" box="[199,432,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FE5F7CF3FD84C4B2" box="[439,551,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C2594FEFFFF1977FE5F7CF3FD82C4B2" box="[439,545,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 71750 (T.H. Bullock accession no. 206-1), comprising 12 slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFF1975FF2F7CD0FAE5C1DD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F7CD0FD4CC58E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1087,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFF1977FF2F7CD0FEFAC4D6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1195,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Whole animal a pale creamy white except in hepatic region, which is dark green-brown, lighter at each end. Overall length of one complete specimen
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FD087CB4FCFAC4F5" box="[736,857,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="23.0">23–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in medium relaxation to fair distension and
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FAA57CB4FA3FC4F5" box="[1357,1436,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
maximally extended; in the latter state, proboscis is
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FD0A7C8FFC9BC51E" box="[738,824,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, collar
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FC2F7C8FFB83C51E" box="[967,1056,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, branchial region
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FB037C8FFAE0C51E" box="[1259,1347,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, genital region
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FF0D7D6CFE84C53D" box="[229,295,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
and especially distensible relative to other parts, hepatic region
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FC107D6CFB9AC53D" box="[1016,1081,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in its sharply pigmented length and posthepatic abdomen about
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFFF1977FDEE7D47FDF9C546" box="[518,602,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Genital wings not conspicuous, especially in branchial region. About 24 external hepatic saccules visible on each side externally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FCF37D24FCFFC565" box="[795,860,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[188,1387,677,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1403,675,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photograph of fixed specimens of A, Glossobalanus hartmanae n. sp.; B, G. b a r n h a r t i n. sp.; C, G. m i n u t u s. Abbeviations: bg, branchiogenital region of trunk; c, collar; ct, caudal region of trunk; ht, hepatic trunk; p, proboscis. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219493/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). (Data for colour and length of live worm taken from collection cards made by T.H. Bullock in 1938.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F7DDCFAB6C6CD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1087,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Epidermal epithelium of proboscis not very thick. Circular-muscle-fiber layer rather conspicuous, slightly thicker than nerve-fiber layer; longitudinal muscle fibers arranged in radial bundles, leaving a quite spacious coelom (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FF117D94FE9FC615" box="[249,316,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Ventral septum extends nearly to tip of stomochord but not reaching ventral epidermis. Cardiac vesicle extending to tip of stomochord. Two halves of glomerulus rather small, confined to sides of junction between stomochord and cardiac vesicle; confluent anteriorly over tip of stomochord. Right and left dorsal proboscis canals present but narrow, opening together via single median proboscis pore. Stomochordal lumen rather narrow near anterior extremity but becoming quite marked about middle region. Stomochord with small ventrolateral pouches in communication with primary lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FC707EDFFC46C6AE" box="[920,997,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Skeleton with rather short keel anteroposteriorly, blunt, not deep dorsoventrally, stopping short of posterior end of peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FB477EBCFB51C6CD" box="[1199,1266,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFF1977FF2F7E97FBFCC7AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1087,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Dorsal septum of collar commencing at first dorsal root, which forms anterior margin of septum; ventral septum confined to posterior fourth or fifth of collar. Midventral vascular plexus present throughout collar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FA877F74FF06C75E" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Collar nerve cord only with lacunae, no central canal. Three dorsal nerve roots present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FB397F4FFAB4C75E" box="[1233,1303,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Skeletal cornua extending only half way through collar. Collar canals comprising short tubes with deep median dorsal infolding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFF1977FEFD7F07FEC2C786" box="[277,353,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Peribuccal cavities extending to proboscis pore, confluent at their anterior extremity. Peripharyngeal cavities extending to level where stomochord opens into buccal cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C7E17AD4FFFC1974FF7F7EC2FB1DC7F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" targetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFC1974FF7F7EC2FB1DC7F0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1721,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FF7F7EC2FEB7C6DD" bold="true" box="[151,276,1721,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of transverse sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFC1974FD0E7EC2FC52C6DD" box="[742,1009,1721,1743]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="hartmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FD0E7EC2FC52C6DD" box="[742,1009,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Glossobalanus hartmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FC437F4EFC1DC758" bold="true" box="[939,958,1845,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">a,</emphasis>
|
||
atrium;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FBF17F4EFB91C758" bold="true" box="[1049,1074,1845,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">bv</emphasis>
|
||
, blood vessel;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FB397F4EFB4EC758" bold="true" box="[1233,1261,1845,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">cc,</emphasis>
|
||
collar canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FA967F4EFA3FC758" bold="true" box="[1406,1436,1845,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">cg,</emphasis>
|
||
ciliated groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FED47F28FEEDC77A" bold="true" box="[316,334,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">cl</emphasis>
|
||
, collar lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FE007F28FE5DC77A" bold="true" box="[488,510,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">cv</emphasis>
|
||
, cardiac vesicle;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FD477F28FD64C77A" bold="true" box="[687,711,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FC877F28FC2BC77A" bold="true" box="[879,904,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">ep</emphasis>
|
||
, epidermis;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FBEF7F28FBB7C77A" bold="true" box="[1031,1044,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">g</emphasis>
|
||
, glomerulus;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FB487F28FB18C77A" bold="true" box="[1184,1211,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">gb</emphasis>
|
||
, gill bar;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FAF67F28FAE8C77A" bold="true" box="[1310,1355,1875,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">gbe,</emphasis>
|
||
gill-bar epithelia;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FF137F09FEBFC795" bold="true" box="[251,284,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">gd,</emphasis>
|
||
gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FE857F09FE2BC795" bold="true" box="[365,392,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">gp</emphasis>
|
||
, gill pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FE1F7F09FDBAC795" bold="true" box="[503,537,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">mg</emphasis>
|
||
, median gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FD297F09FD79C795" bold="true" box="[705,730,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">lg,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral gonad,
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FC997F09FC21C795" bold="true" box="[881,898,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FBC27F09FBE0C795" bold="true" box="[1066,1091,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve cord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FB207F09FB43C795" bold="true" box="[1224,1248,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">nr</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve roots;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FA837F09FA3FC795" bold="true" box="[1387,1436,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">pbd,</emphasis>
|
||
peribuccal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FE977FEAFE3BC7B4" bold="true" box="[383,408,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">pc</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis coelom;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FD8B7FEAFD32C7B4" bold="true" box="[611,657,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">pcm</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis circular muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FC5E7FEAFC45C7B4" bold="true" box="[950,998,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">phd,</emphasis>
|
||
perihaemal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FB347FEAFB52C7B4" bold="true" box="[1244,1265,1937,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">pl</emphasis>
|
||
, pharynx lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FF7F7FD4FF62C7D6" bold="true" box="[151,193,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">plm</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FDF07FD4FD95C7D6" bold="true" box="[536,566,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">pr,</emphasis>
|
||
parabranchial ridges;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FCF27FD4FC89C7D6" bold="true" box="[794,810,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">s,</emphasis>
|
||
stomochord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FC5F7FD4FC6FC7D6" bold="true" box="[951,972,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">sc</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal cornua;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FB6A7FD4FB39C7D6" bold="true" box="[1154,1178,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">sk</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal keel;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FADC7FD4FAFAC7D6" bold="true" box="[1332,1369,1967,1988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">tlm</emphasis>
|
||
, trunk longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFC1974FE9E7FB5FE33C7F1" bold="true" box="[374,400,1998,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">vp</emphasis>
|
||
, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F78ECFAE5C1DD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Gill pouches occupying dorsal half of gut in branchial region. Outer epithelium of gill and tongue bars extremely plicate, appearing more or less like a glomerulus in section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FC5978C7FC51C0C6" box="[945,1010,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) but nuclei forming a single layer in epithelium itself. Gonads commencing immediately behind collar; only lateral primary gonads present in branchial region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FF19797FFE95C10E" box="[241,310,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Eight or nine synapticula present. Genital ridges so poorly developed as to be inconspicuous. Anteriorly, lateral septum stops short of branchial region, extending at most to penultimate gill aperture. With appearance of lateral septum median gonads also appear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FCC77937FCD1C176" box="[815,882,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1345,193,1684]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus hartmanae. A, Proboscis with conspicuous circularmuscle layer, radial muscle bundles, heart-kidney complex and ventral septum. B, Proboscis peduncle showing the ventrolateral pouches of the stomochord and short skeletal keel. C, Collar showing a midventral vascular plexus. D, Dorsal nerve cord of collar with dorsal roots. E, Posterior collar showing canals. F, Anterior pharynx with plicate gill-bar epithelium. G, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: a, atrium; bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cg, ciliated groove; cl, collar lumen; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis; g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; gbe, gill-bar epithelia; gd, gonad; gp, gill pore; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad, ls, lateral septum; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; pcm, proboscis circular muscles; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; pr, parabranchial ridges; s, stomochord; sc, skeletal cornua; sk, skeletal keel; tlm, trunk longitudinal muscles; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, C, F, G = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; D, E = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219495/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G), these latter appearing to be more lobed than lateral gonads. Gonads extending to the commencement of hepatic region, appearing beside first one or two hepatic caeca. A short postbranchial canal present, displaced to right; abdominal ciliated groove present only on right side, commencing about middle of hepatic region. Lateral septum ceasing in anteriormost part of hepatic region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFD1975FF2F79A0FB28C22E" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F79A0FB28C22E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF2F79A0FEC3C1E6" bold="true" box="[199,352,475,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Five fragments including one anterior end were collected by Olga Hartman in March, 1938 at Spindrift (south end of Scripps Beach), La Jolla, California (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AA4C9BFFFD1975FCA27984FC10C205" box="[842,947,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" precision="925" value="32.85">32°51' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AA4C9BFFFD1975FC577984FB9AC205" box="[959,1081,511,535]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" precision="925" value="-117.26667">117°16' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in crevices in shale rock. One complete specimen was collected by T.H. Bullock at the same location in
|
||
<date id="E7200C9CFFFD1975FC397A5FFB25C22E" box="[977,1158,548,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" value="1938-12">December 1938</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFD1975FF2F7A33FEA9C445" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F7A33FC0FC306" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF2F7A33FE98C272" bold="true" box="[199,315,584,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The description does not answer to that of any known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FBF47A33FB61C272" box="[1052,1218,584,608]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FBF47A33FB61C272" box="[1052,1218,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Glossobalanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Certain characters that are common to several other species of the genus are also present here, e.g. the anterior extent of the dorsal septum in the collar only to the first dorsal root. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FD187AEBFCD7C2BA" box="[752,884,656,680]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FD187AEBFCD7C2BA" box="[752,884,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">G. ruficollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the present species has almost no genital ridges. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FF3A7ACEFEFAC2DE" box="[210,345,692,716]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="berkeleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF3A7ACEFEFAC2DE" box="[210,345,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">G. berkeleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the stomochord has small ventrolateral pouches in communication with its primary lumen. But for these resemblances, the present form has no closer relationship with any known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FB507AA3FAFDC2E2" box="[1208,1374,728,752]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FB507AA3FAFDC2E2" box="[1208,1374,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Glossobalanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The defining characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FE2C7A87FD48C306" box="[452,747,764,788]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="hartmanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FE2C7A87FD48C306" box="[452,747,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Glossobalanus hartmanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are listed below:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF7F7B3FFCA9C36D" blockId="7.[151,1061,836,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">right and left dorsal proboscis canals open by a single median proboscis pore well developed midventral vascular plexus in collar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF7F7BF7FCEDC3B6" blockId="7.[151,1061,836,968]" box="[151,846,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">epithelium of the gill and tongue bars is extremely plicate</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF7F7BD4FCF2C3D5" blockId="7.[151,1061,836,968]" box="[151,849,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">abdominal ciliated groove is present only on the right side</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF7F7C60FEA9C445" blockId="7.[151,507,1051,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF7F7C60FE58C426" bold="true" box="[151,507,1051,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFFD1975FF7F7C60FE15C426" box="[151,438,1051,1076]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF7F7C60FE15C426" bold="true" box="[151,438,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Glossobalanus barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAD94B35FFFD1975FE557C67FE58C426" box="[445,507,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FF777C44FF46C445" box="[159,229,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[188,1387,677,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1403,675,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photograph of fixed specimens of A, Glossobalanus hartmanae n. sp.; B, G. b a r n h a r t i n. sp.; C, G. m i n u t u s. Abbeviations: bg, branchiogenital region of trunk; c, collar; ct, caudal region of trunk; ht, hepatic trunk; p, proboscis. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FF1B7C44FEA1C445" box="[243,258,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFD1975FF7F7CF3FA39C48D" box="[151,1434,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF7F7CF3FA39C48D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,2012]" box="[151,1434,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF7F7CF3FEBDC4B2" bold="true" box="[151,286,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name honors Dr. Percy S. Barnhart, long-time curator of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFD1975FF2F7CD0FAFBC4D6" box="[199,1368,1195,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F7CD0FAFBC4D6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,2012]" box="[199,1368,1195,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF2F7CD0FE13C4D6" bold="true" box="[199,432,1195,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FE5F7CD7FD84C4D6" box="[439,551,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C2594FEFFFD1975FE5F7CD7FD82C4D6" box="[439,545,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 71749 (T.H. Bullock accession no. 207-1), comprising 29 slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFFD1975FF2F7CB4FEF6C7CE" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F7CB4FDA7C666" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FF2F7CB4FEFAC4FA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Proboscis twice as long as its base width. Collar broader than long, with shallow groove ringing its middle. Genital ridges beginning immediately behind collar. Branchiogenital region as in
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFFD1975FB467C8EFA81C51E" box="[1198,1314,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">G. m i n u t u s</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FADE7C8FFAD5C51E" box="[1334,1398,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[188,1387,677,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1403,675,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photograph of fixed specimens of A, Glossobalanus hartmanae n. sp.; B, G. b a r n h a r t i n. sp.; C, G. m i n u t u s. Abbeviations: bg, branchiogenital region of trunk; c, collar; ct, caudal region of trunk; ht, hepatic trunk; p, proboscis. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Circular-muscle-fiber layer of proboscis c. 1.5 times thickness of the nerve-fiber layer; longitudinal muscle fibers arranged in massive radial groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FDF77D47FDC0C546" box="[543,611,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Ventral septum extending nearly to tip of stomochord. Cardiac vesicle nearly coextensive with stomochord anteriorly. Right and left halves of glomerulus confluent at anterior extremity. Dorsal glomerulus small. Stomochordal lumen narrow, well defined to tip. Forepart of stomochord flattened, watchglass-like in transverse sections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FDBA7DDCFD3BC5AD" box="[594,664,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Stomochord with single midventral blind pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FB1C7DDCFA99C5AD" box="[1268,1338,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Only left dorsal proboscis coelom opens to exterior by median dorsal proboscis pore, with spacious (bulbous) medially placed proboscis canal (vesicle). Anteriorly, body and keel of skeleton parted by invasion of coelomic epithelium, forming a spacious cavity that narrows posteriorly, stopping about level with proboscis pore. From here, posteriorly in peduncle, keel is rather deep and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FD607E4CFD68C65D" box="[648,715,1591,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D); further posteriorly it is shortened dorsoventrally, but extends some distance into collar region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F7E04FBA1C75E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Dorsal septum of collar extending anteriorly to first dorsal root; ventral septum absent. Midventral vascular plexus of collar poorly developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FDC87EDFFDC0C6AE" box="[544,611,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Cornua extending half way through collar, taking sharp turn ventrally, ending about midway on lateral walls of buccal cavity. Collar nerve cord rather flattened, lateral margins thicker than rest. No axial canal, only some large lacunae. Anterior neuropore present. Eight or nine dorsal roots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FAD27E97FADEC716" box="[1338,1405,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Perihaemal cavities extending to proboscis pore, confluent at their anterior extremity. Peribuccal cavities extending to about level of origin of skeletal cornua. Collar canals with deep dorsal fold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFFD1975FF2F7F2CFEF6C7CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1159,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Gonads commencing immediately behind collar. Dorsal pharynx larger than ventral digestive pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FA877F2CFF05C786" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Lateral septum extending anteriorly to some distance into posterior part of branchial region. Lateral septum and medial gonads present. Presence of post-branchial canal not determined. Gonads continuing well into intestinal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA536D9FFFD1975FF067FBFFE92C7CE" box="[238,305,1988,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[185,1390,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Light micrographs of transverse sections of Glossobalanus barnharti. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations: bv, blood vessel; cc, collar canal; cl, collar lumen; clm, collar longitudinal muscles; cv, cardiac vesicle; ds, dorsal septum; ep, epidermis g, glomerulus; gb, gill bar; mg, median gonad; lg, lateral gonad; ls, lateral septum; mg, median gonad; nc, nerve cord; nr, nerve roots; pbd, peribuccal diverticula; pc, proboscis coelom; phd, perihaemal diverticula; pl, pharynx lumen; plm, proboscis longitudinal muscles; s, stomochord; sk, skeletal keel; tc, trunk coelom; vp, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C7E17AD4FFF2197AFF7F7EA4FEFAC7F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219496/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" targetBox="[185,1388,193,1691]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF2197AFF7F7EA4FEFAC7F8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1759,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFF7F7EA4FEB6C6E6" bold="true" box="[151,277,1759,1782]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of transverse sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF2197AFD007EA4FC4BC6E7" box="[744,1000,1759,1781]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFD007EA4FC4BC6E7" box="[744,1000,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Glossobalanus barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Proboscis with massive radial muscle bundles. B, Proboscis heart-kidney complex with lateral and dorsal glomerulus. C, Peduncle showing the large lumen of the stomochord. D, Peduncle with deep and narrow keel. E, Collar. F, Collar cord with dorsal nerve roots. G, Anterior pharynx large dorsal branchial lumen. H, Intestinal region with lateral septum and median gonads. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFB657F40FB05C742" bold="true" box="[1165,1190,1851,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">bv</emphasis>
|
||
, blood vessel;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFAD77F40FAF8C742" bold="true" box="[1343,1371,1851,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">cc,</emphasis>
|
||
collar canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFF337F21FF4EC77D" bold="true" box="[219,237,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">cl</emphasis>
|
||
, collar lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFE647F21FE10C77D" bold="true" box="[396,435,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">clm</emphasis>
|
||
, collar longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFD0E7F21FD5FC77D" bold="true" box="[742,764,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">cv</emphasis>
|
||
, cardiac vesicle;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFC587F21FC6BC77D" bold="true" box="[944,968,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFB9C7F21FB2EC77D" bold="true" box="[1140,1165,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">ep</emphasis>
|
||
, epidermis
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFAE07F21FAB7C77D" bold="true" box="[1288,1300,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">g</emphasis>
|
||
, glomerulus;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFF7F7F02FF11C79C" bold="true" box="[151,178,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">gb</emphasis>
|
||
, gill bar;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFEFF7F02FE9AC79C" bold="true" box="[279,313,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">mg</emphasis>
|
||
, median gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFE0C7F02FE5DC79C" bold="true" box="[484,510,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">lg,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFD717F02FD09C79C" bold="true" box="[665,682,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFCBD7F02FCD4C79C" bold="true" box="[853,887,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">mg</emphasis>
|
||
, median gonad;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFBCB7F02FB9FC79C" bold="true" box="[1059,1084,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve cord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFB2D7F02FB7EC79C" bold="true" box="[1221,1245,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">nr</emphasis>
|
||
, nerve roots;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFA837F02FA3FC79C" bold="true" box="[1387,1436,1913,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">pbd,</emphasis>
|
||
peribuccal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFE6F7FE3FE03C7BF" bold="true" box="[391,416,1944,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">pc</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis coelom;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFD9F7FE3FD0BC7BF" bold="true" box="[631,680,1944,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">phd,</emphasis>
|
||
perihaemal diverticula;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFC427FE3FC1CC7BF" bold="true" box="[938,959,1944,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">pl</emphasis>
|
||
, pharynx lumen;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFB947FE3FB05C7BF" bold="true" box="[1148,1190,1944,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">plm</emphasis>
|
||
, proboscis longitudinal muscles;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFF1D7FCDFF5CC7D9" bold="true" box="[245,255,1974,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">s</emphasis>
|
||
, stomochord;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFE787FCDFE0BC7D9" bold="true" box="[400,424,1974,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sk</emphasis>
|
||
, skeletal keel;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFDD77FCDFDF1C7D9" bold="true" box="[575,594,1974,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">tc</emphasis>
|
||
, trunk coelom;
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF2197AFD1B7FCDFCAEC7D9" bold="true" box="[755,781,1974,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">vp</emphasis>
|
||
, vascular plexus. Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H = 500 µm; B, C = 200 µm; (D) = 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF3197BFF2F78ECFF75C0EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF2F78ECFF75C0EB" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFF2F78ECFEC3C0A2" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Two specimens, one apparently complete, were taken by P.S. Barnhart (his acc. No. 1195) from the intertidal zone of the protected outer coast at Bird Rock, La Jolla, California (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AA4C9BFFF3197BFBA978C7FB08C0C6" box="[1089,1195,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="32.816666">32°49' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AA4C9BFFF3197BFB5078C7FA97C0C6" box="[1208,1332,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="-117.23333">117°14' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), in
|
||
<date id="E7200C9CFFF3197BFA8178C6FF71C0EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" value="1921-06">June 1921</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB8479D7FFF3197BFF2F797DFD52C6C4" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF2F797DFEF3C256" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFF2F797DFE98C10C" bold="true" box="[199,315,262,286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
It has already been stated above that the form under consideration resembles to some extent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFA6C797CFF53C151" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFA6C797CFF53C151" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its external appearance. But in its internal anatomy it does not quite resemble that species. The two agree only in a few specific characters such as the forward extension of the proboscis ventral septum, the presence of a dorsal glomerulus and the absence of the ventral septum in the collar. The present species appears anatomically to be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFE3079E1FDCBC1A3" box="[472,616,410,433]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="sarniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFE3079E1FDCBC1A3" box="[472,616,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. sarniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to any other species of the genus. Thus these two have the following characters in common: connection of the left dorsal proboscis coelom with a large bulbous, median proboscis canal; continuous lumen in stomochord; cardiac vesicle anteriorly coextensive with stomochord; large keel and the separation of the keel and the body in the anterior part of the skeleton by a coelomic invasion. They differ in many more characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF2F7A29FCD7C379" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
In external appearance
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFE257A29FDFBC27B" box="[461,600,593,617]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFE257A29FDFBC27B" box="[461,600,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFD067A29FCDDC27B" box="[750,894,594,617]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="sarniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFD067A29FCDDC27B" box="[750,894,594,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. sarniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the proboscis and the collar and their relative sizes, in the clear-cut demarcation of the collar from the trunk, in the shape and appearance of the branchiogenital region and in the less-developed genital ridges, which are like alae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFB697AE7FAB0C2A1" box="[1153,1299,668,691]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="sarniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFB697AE7FAB0C2A1" box="[1153,1299,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. sarniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In internal anatomy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFEEF7ABBFE37C2CA" box="[263,404,704,728]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFEEF7ABBFE37C2CA" box="[263,404,704,728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFDDB7ABBFD64C2CA" box="[563,711,704,728]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="sarniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFDDB7ABBFD64C2CA" box="[563,711,704,728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. sarniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following: the circular-muscle layer of the proboscis is much thicker in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFEB87A9EFE78C2EF" box="[336,475,741,765]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFEB87A9EFE78C2EF" box="[336,475,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in the possession of a small dorsal glomerulus, much narrower stomochordal lumen and flattened forepart of stomochord; middorsal proboscis pore; extension of the skeletal keel into the collar region, absence of ventral septum in collar, absence of continuous canal in the collar nerve cord, many more dorsal roots, absence of posterior neuropore, and in the position of the gonads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF2F7B0CFCACC3CB" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
The above facts show that the present species does not resemble sufficiently well either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFB337B03FAF4C382" box="[1243,1367,888,912]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFB337B03FAF4C382" box="[1243,1367,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFA6C7B03FEAAC3A7" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="sarniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFA6C7B03FEAAC3A7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">G. sarniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for it to be included under those species. Still less does it resemble any of the other species of the genus. The defining characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFE2C7BBAFD7EC3CB" box="[452,733,961,985]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="barnharti">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFE2C7BBAFD7EC3CB" box="[452,733,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Glossobalanus barnharti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF7F7C71FD91C430" blockId="9.[151,964,1034,1202]" box="[151,562,1034,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">flattened forepart of stomochord</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF7F7C55FDA4C49C" blockId="9.[151,964,1034,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">a single midventral blind pouch to the stomochord peduncle skeletal keel is deep and narrow, extending well into collar collar nerve cord is flattened</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF7F7CE1FDE0C4A0" blockId="9.[151,964,1034,1202]" box="[151,579,1178,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">eight or nine dorsal roots in collar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF7F7D7EFEB6C50C" blockId="9.[151,277,1285,1310]" box="[151,277,1285,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFF7F7D7EFEB6C50C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1285,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF7F7D35FC51C60C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1358,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
On the west coast of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFE397D35FD97C574" box="[465,564,1358,1382]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFD5B7D35FCF9C574" box="[691,858,1358,1382]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" genus="Glossobalanus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFD5B7D35FCF9C574" box="[691,858,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Glossobalanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been taken once in the Salish Sea at Nanaimo, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFF047D08FEF9C599" box="[236,346,1395,1419]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Willey 1931), once in Coos Bay, Oregon and three times in La Jolla, California, representing four different species. It is likely to turn up anywhere. Probably the ‘ptychoderids’ reported by Woodwick (1955), in three dredge samples at
|
||
<quantity id="546687B9FFF3197BFE217DC7FD8DC5C6" box="[457,558,1468,1492]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="65.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="40.0">40–90 m</quantity>
|
||
depth from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFD547DC7FC8CC5C6" box="[700,815,1468,1492]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
Basin, belong to this genus. The habitats include both sand flats and rocky rubble on the outer coast. For a detailed discussion of the distribution of North American acorn worms, including the new species described here, see
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFD1B7E7DFCF9C60C" box="[755,858,1542,1566]" name="Cameroon" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFC897E7CFC39C60C" box="[865,922,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93212A5CFFF3197BFF2F7E50FD52C6C4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1358,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Dichotomous keys to the genera of the enteropneust families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFC547E50FAC6C651" authority="Deland et al. 2010" authorityName="Deland et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[956,1381,1579,1603]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Harrimaniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="family">
|
||
Harrimaniidae (Deland
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFB3D7E57FAB6C651" box="[1237,1301,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFF7F7E34FDC4C675" authority="Cameron and Perez, 2012" authorityName="Cameron and Perez" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,615,1615,1639]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Spengelidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="family">
|
||
Spengelidae (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFED97E34FE39C675" box="[305,410,1615,1639]" name="Cameroon" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Perez, 2012)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been developed. The deep-sea family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFB8E7E34FABBC675" box="[1126,1304,1615,1639]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Torquaratoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="family">Torquaratoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of five well-supported clades (Osborn
|
||
<emphasis id="A1EAF64EFFF3197BFDD97E0DFDCFC69F" box="[561,620,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012), and the corresponding morphological descriptions are presently being assembled in the laboratory of professor Nicholas
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB896ACCFFF3197BFCC17EE2FC20C6A3" box="[809,899,1689,1713]" name="Netherlands" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Scripps Institute of Oceanography). Here we provide a taxonomic key to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="549E51DFFFF3197BFDA17EC5FD4EC6C4" box="[585,749,1726,1750]" class="Enteropneusta" family="Ptychoderidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="family">Ptychoderidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |