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<document id="CC8C8ACB5F77B75B4F1EAF3BD85490CC" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2509" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030293" ID-ZooBank="231BF669-4E64-4EAD-8305-4AEA0481D807" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713777232052" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chowdhury, Ismael A., Martino, Emanuela Di, Lee, Hannah, Windecker, Claire C. &amp; Craig, Sean" docDate="2024" docId="8561E974BC32FFBE78D9CD03FD04E1B3" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.932.34-68.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 932" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2509/11237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.39:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="39" docTitle="Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="7958910CBC3AFFB47944CC0BFF82E442" masterDocTitle="Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1713799267896" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="EE8A28EEB05CFD543B2687EB8B893656" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3ED994D27840C459DE1A876C157FC75A">
<mods:title id="B7F67971E44AA3881E822D8D58ECE73C">Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="02F2C822CFBFF64D2416B24E76EB9465" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D208398B22F7045BB39A7EBE4B990EF2">Chowdhury, Ismael A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="76CBB137584189A93E77CAA36FA9754F" type="LSID">1E701E0E-9E8C-419C-B81C-B975E552AA7C</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B5A8C47DA3F5023214F3A47951B339D6">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="67208CC09862174C524115189D6A912C" type="email">ismael.chowdhury@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4B4792401780023AA8753C4CB3BEAF42" type="personal">
<mods:role id="753A01551AE8296A0DACF850158876F8">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C1EE5C7AC1030C37595BA8F4DFCC38E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="44FED8F173F15958DEF9C808C53E62DD">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="033EACB63D8B8C0DAAEED501DBA10A78" type="LSID">A7905C48-FF37-4D27-BCCE-F0560AF040A2</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5F7E227A02F291F169C684C66E67ED1B">Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. &amp; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEFFAA98A0EDCC5107F6D7AB6F1A1920" type="email">emanuela.dimartino@unict.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="88087E1D193635E18B74FA9086C573D9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="69D921AA5FEF957360593C99D6A3F8F6">
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<mods:namePart id="6BA6863BEDB2C771E9F7E368861A7096">Lee, Hannah</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E1F57EBD61A711443C3EF1262A068D25" type="LSID">7D12EF23-390F-4D83-9C3E-D0A754F15DE1</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="343F09A19D6C0287468785A3DF1487A3">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EC6C1146F8CE60C429348243E8A5056" type="email">hannahelee56@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F08009C2E421B3FC79DA44FBF03FEA8D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AB7B22CAE5540B13DC8705104FF1351">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5EFDF13B25C65FB90FDAC092B2AB9177">Windecker, Claire C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="876A5BC7D2CC225964BDDC8F9E555C27" type="LSID">F50D2B7B-89FA-4B66-A8A1-860D91F05226</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6D7ACB7963AFA3ED9F6D9ED016AEBDAF">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8F8D781AEB470C6B3BEC6E5CAE05612A" type="email">claire.windecker@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="9EED46B894DAE40CA8469BD866253418">Craig, Sean</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="679F79373038822CC62B8E41D2EC87AA" type="LSID">ECEEE510-F317-4CA0-A9ED-BFB68F12B4BB</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5961029ECF5D75A8406ED64E8E18E7CA">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D5D198930628B256887FE6165FB8E3A7" type="email">sean.craig@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A7CE3C06DC53A794E0AC2D0F8197DF30">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4FCF8697026DF2BC46B9071CC2CB05E7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3DCAF1F52D54E572677BD15C0F98551B">
<mods:date id="07D82C6FAFE81AA5396DA695129342D8">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="06D47E75229E9FB48DC65386278C5265" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="449C1A63B3B56D4EE62CF087B42D63BC">2024-04-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="040AEC9E389354533A998B059E3E3482" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8FAC32F8040265A09940E24CC9A76293">932</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="166422BA7F4F9DD3AA562C456E037A15">34</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="151571F28FB72D24554F972399894A44">
<mods:url id="6C9F61C90D47C23AD3F884F371DBA578">https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2509/11237</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A313AF7173BC16B79E2B7F75FFE16D60">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EBEBEBB221187EB050102832BDFE3BD9" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2509</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E0A9216D959A7EB45120A49CE0EC825B" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79A01DEB54CEF00B7147FDA669B51E9F" type="Zenodo-Dep">11030293</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C7F2A9729A1D9A956FD3C8000560F1B8" type="ZooBank">231BF669-4E64-4EAD-8305-4AEA0481D807</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8561E974BC32FFBE78D9CD03FD04E1B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC32FFBE78D9CD03FD04E1B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8561E974BC32FFBE78D9CD03FD04E1B3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC32FFBC78D9CD03FB15E566" box="[413,1175,264,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC78D9CD03FB15E566" blockId="8.[365,1222,264,362]" box="[413,1175,264,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC32FFBC78D9CD03FB15E566" box="[413,1175,264,292]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC32FFBC78D9CD03FBB7E561" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[413,1077,264,291]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC78D9CD03FD78E560" bold="true" box="[413,762,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Microporella pauciperforata</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC32FFBC7D78CD01FB15E566" box="[1084,1175,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC32FFBC7829CD27FCEDE528" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC7829CD27FB44E505" blockId="8.[365,1222,264,362]" box="[365,1222,300,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<uri id="79595460BC32FFBC7829CD27FB44E505" box="[365,1222,300,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="796E62B7BC32FFBC7BCACD27FB44E505" box="[654,1222,300,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">B17B841F-E7A3-4548-AFA7-A2B04E5A8674</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC7B81CD44FCEDE528" blockId="8.[365,1222,264,362]" box="[709,879,335,362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7B81CD44FC89E528" box="[709,779,335,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="404A6DD9BC32FFBC7A5CCD44FCEDE528" box="[792,879,335,362]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Summary of sampling sites reporting the number of colonies collected for each species of Microporella Hincks, 1877. Sites in bold font lie within the marine realm known as the Montereyan Pacific Transition Region, whereas the remaining sites lie in the Mendocinian Region." pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC32FFBC79F9CD9AFD03E6C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CD9AFEB5E5E9" blockId="8.[189,311,401,427]" box="[189,311,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC32FFBC79F9CD9AFEB5E5E9" bold="true" box="[189,311,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC79F9CD9AFEB5E5E9" bold="true" box="[189,311,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CDB4FD03E6C8" blockId="8.[189,1401,447,650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Encrusting
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC32FFBC780BCDB4FE69E59B" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[335,491,447,473]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC780BCDB4FE69E59B" box="[335,491,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; zooids with single, small, distally directed adventitious avicularium, proximolateral to orifice, or lacking avicularium; some zooids with avicularium in proximolateral corner of zooid; primary orifice with smooth proximal margin and rounded corners lacking condyles; 2–4 ephemeral oral spines; frontal shield with relatively few pseudopores and distinct, elliptical marginal areolae; ascopore cribrate, close to the proximal margin of the orifice; ovicells rounded-quadrate, imperforate except for marginal pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC32FFBC79F9CEBAFD92E75E" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CEBAFEC7E689" blockId="8.[189,325,689,715]" box="[189,325,689,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC32FFBC79F9CEBAFEC7E689" bold="true" box="[189,325,689,715]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC79F9CEBAFEC7E689" bold="true" box="[189,325,689,715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CED4FD92E75E" blockId="8.[189,1399,735,796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Latin ‘
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC784ACEEBFEE0E6BB" box="[270,354,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">paucus</emphasis>
’, few, plus ‘
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC78B9CED4FDFBE6BB" box="[509,633,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">perforatus</emphasis>
’, pierced, alluding to the limited number of pseudopores in the frontal shield of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC32FFBE79F9CF4FFE60E5B3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CF4FFEEFE71C" blockId="8.[189,365,836,862]" box="[189,365,836,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC32FFBC79F9CF4FFEEFE71C" bold="true" box="[189,365,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC79F9CF4FFEEFE71C" bold="true" box="[189,365,836,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79AECF78FB0EE791" blockId="8.[189,1399,883,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC32FFBC79AECF78FB0EE791" collectingDate="2020-02-07" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="I. A. Chowdhury &amp; H. Lee" country="United States of America" latitude="41.056995" location="Trinidad Head North" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-124.15116" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="SBMNH 704788" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC79AECF78FEDFE7CF" bold="true" box="[234,349,883,909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC32FFBC79AECF78FEDFE7CF" box="[234,349,883,909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC32FFBC79F9CF9DFF74E7F2" box="[189,246,918,944]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">USA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC32FFBC784BCF9DFE7BE7F2" box="[271,505,918,944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">colony of 40 zooids</specimenCount>
, one ovicellate, on rock;
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC32FFBC7A64CF9DFC18E7F2" box="[800,922,918,944]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">California</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="08170EB9BC32FFBC7AE1CF9DFB1FE7F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC32FFBE78D9CD03FD04E1B3:08170EB9BC32FFBC7AE1CF9DFB1FE7F2" box="[933,1181,918,944]" country="United States of America" latitude="41.056995" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-124.15116" name="Trinidad Head North" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="California">Trinidad Head North</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC32FFBC7DEDCF9FFAF0E7F2" box="[1193,1394,916,944]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" precision="1" seconds="25.1928" value="41.056995">41°3′25.1928″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC32FFBC79F9CFBCFE09E791" box="[189,395,951,979]" degrees="124" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" precision="1" seconds="4.1826" value="-124.15116">124°9′4.1826″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="79767EA2BC32FFBC78DCCFB2FDA4E791" box="[408,550,953,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" value="2020-02-07">
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC32FFBC78DCCFB2FDA4E791" box="[408,550,953,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" value="2020-02-07">7 Feb. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC32FFBC7B76CFB2FD70E791" box="[562,754,953,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">I.A. Chowdhury</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC32FFBC7A6FCFB2FCF9E791" box="[811,891,953,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">H. Lee</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC32FFBC7AF9CFB2FB0AE791" box="[957,1160,953,979]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">SBMNH 704788</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79AECFF1FEFEE056" blockId="8.[189,1398,1018,1115]" box="[234,380,1018,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC32FFBC79AECFF1FEFEE056" bold="true" box="[234,380,1018,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9C816FEADE019" blockId="8.[189,1398,1018,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar, forming a subcircular patch; pore chamber windows not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9C889FDFFE10E" blockId="8.[187,1399,1154,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Autozooids (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7817C889FE53E0DE" box="[339,465,1154,1180]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
) generally elongate and hexagonal but sometimes irregularly shaped, delineated by narrow grooves and suture lines; ZL = 361–752 µm (523±99 µm, N = 22), ZW = 223–446 µm (323±59 µm, N = 22) µm, mean ZL/ZW = 1.62. Frontal shield (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7A9CC8C3FBDAE0A1" box="[984,1112,1224,1251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
) flat to slightly convex centrally, coarsely granular, with 13–36 circular pseudopores (D = 8–15 µm) sparsely scattered proximal to ascopore; 5–8 circular to elliptical, marginal areolae per side, clearly distinguishable from pseudopores because much larger (D = 20–55 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9C97FFE3EE259" blockId="8.[189,1399,1395,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Primary orifice transversely D-shaped, wider than long; OL = 64–109 µm (86±12 µm, N = 22), OW = 106–149 µm (120±10 µm, N = 22), mean OL/OW = 0.72, mean ZL/OL = 6.08; hinge-line straight, smooth, lacking denticles; proximolateral corners rounded without condyles. Two to four articulated spines visible in some zooids, often hidden by secondary calcification spreading from the distal zooid (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7811CA0BFE2CE259" box="[341,430,1536,1563]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CA49FE7AE284" blockId="8.[189,1398,1602,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Ascopore depressed relative to adjacent frontal shield, transversely elliptical to subcircular, D = 22– 35 µm, close to orifice, roughly no more than 0.5–1.5 ascopore widths from proximal margin; ascopore in some zooids outlined by a rim of gymnocystal calcification that also encircles orifice; ascopore opening cribrate (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC78C8CAA0FE69E284" box="[396,491,1707,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC32FFBC79F9CAE6FC18E3F5" blockId="8.[187,1400,1773,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">
Avicularium usually single but often absent, located laterally on either side, in some zooids at zooidal mid-length, in some others at orifice level (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7BF3CB1BFC93E368" box="[695,785,1808,1834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); AvL = 40–78 µm (52±11 µm, N = 11), AvW = 27– 57 µm (40±8 µm, N = 11) µm, mean AvL/AvW = 1.3; crossbar complete; triangular rostrum, usually directed distally but sometimes laterally, slightly depressed relative to adjacent frontal shield; in some zooids, slightly larger avicularium was observed in one of the proximolateral corners, directed proximally or proximolaterally inwards (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC32FFBC7B56CB96FDECE3F5" box="[530,622,1949,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Mandible not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="59B708EABC33FFBD79F9CAD3FA83E3AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" startId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" targetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC33FFBD79F9CAD3FA83E3AB" blockId="9.[189,1399,1752,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD79F9CAD3FE8FE2B0" bold="true" box="[189,269,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC33FFBD7851CAD3FC2FE2B0" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[277,941,1752,1778]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD7851CAD3FDEEE2B0" box="[277,620,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">Microporella pauciperforata</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC33FFBD7AF3CAD3FB96E2B0" box="[951,1044,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD7BE0CAF0FD3BE357" bold="true" box="[676,697,1787,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star).
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD78A9CB49FD83E31E" bold="true" box="[493,513,1858,1884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD7808CB83FEE3E3E0" bold="true" box="[332,353,1928,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD7DACCB83FB79E3E0" bold="true" box="[1256,1275,1928,1954]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
. Close-up of reticulate ascopore.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD788BCBA0FE63E387" bold="true" box="[463,481,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
. Close-up of an avicularium.
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC33FFBD7A03CBA0FCDBE387" bold="true" box="[839,857,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9CD02FAD7E5F2" blockId="10.[189,1399,265,432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
Ovicell prominent, globose, roughly as long as wide, with a rounded-quadrate appearance because narrower than frontal shield of underlying zooid, OvL = 272 µm, OvW = 282 µm (N = 1), OvL/ OvW = 0.96; continuous with frontal shield of the distal zooid, obscuring distal margin of orifice (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC30FFBE7982CD79FEA2E5CF" box="[198,288,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); calcification finely granular, smoother than the frontal shield, imperforate except for peripheral row of elliptical marginal areolae (12–36 µm, N = 10); peripheral interareolar ridges around margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9CDDCFE60E5B3" blockId="10.[189,482,471,498]" box="[189,482,471,498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Ancestrula not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC30FFBE79F9CE12FC1BE178" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9CE12FEB2E671" blockId="10.[189,304,537,563]" box="[189,304,537,563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC30FFBE79F9CE12FEB2E671" bold="true" box="[189,304,537,563]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE79F9CE12FEB2E671" bold="true" box="[189,304,537,563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9CE4CFAF4E04A" blockId="10.[187,1400,583,1032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
The main features distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7B13CE43FB03E623" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[599,1153,583,609]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7B13CE43FCB6E623" box="[599,820,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. pauciperforata</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC30FFBE7DC8CE43FB68E620" box="[1164,1258,584,610]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from other congeners of the NE Pacific are the small, distally directed adventitious avicularia, the relatively flat frontal shield, and subordinately the rounded-quadrate ovicell, although we observed only one. In NW Pacific species of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE78DDCEBAFDB1E689" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[409,563,689,715]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE78DDCEBAFDB1E689" box="[409,563,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a cribrate ascopore, the avicularium is usually larger [e.g., AvL 92–137 µm (112±14 µm, N = 20), AvW 39–65 µm (57±7 µm, N = 20) in an unregistered specimen of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE799ACEFCFE64E753" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[222,486,759,785]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE799ACEFCFE64E753" box="[222,486,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Microporella cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC30FFBE7B76CEF3FDF8E750" box="[562,634,760,786]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Korea</collectingCountry>
measured from SEM image pdt4289 made available by Dr P.D. Taylor; AvL 71–91 µm (83±8 µm, N = 5), AvW 35–44 µm (40±4 µm, N = 5) in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7DECCF10FAF4E776" authorityName="Dick &amp; Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[1192,1398,794,820]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="neocribroides">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7DECCF10FAF4E776" box="[1192,1398,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. neocribroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measured from
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE7830CF36FDB6E71A" author="Dick M. H. &amp; Grischenko A. V. &amp; Mawatari S. F." box="[372,564,829,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="3687 - 3784" refId="ref17693" refString="Dick M. H., Grischenko A. V. &amp; Mawatari S. F. 2005. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska. Journal of Natural History 39 (43): 3687 - 3784. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500415195" type="journal article" year="2005">
Dick
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE78F7CF35FE6FE715" box="[435,493,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 19] and directed distolaterally, while the ovicells are globular (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE79F9CF69FDE8E739" authority="Dick &amp; Ross, 1988" authorityName="Dick &amp; Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[189,618,865,891]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="neocribroides">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE79F9CF69FE05E739" box="[189,391,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. neocribroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE78CFCF6AFDE8E739" author="Dick M. H. &amp; Ross J. R. P." box="[395,618,865,891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref17652" refString="Dick M. H. &amp; Ross J. R. P. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Occasional Paper, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies 28: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1988">Dick &amp; Ross, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and pseudoporous (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7AD4CF69FB42E73E" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[912,1216,865,892]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7AD4CF69FB9BE739" box="[912,1049,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE7D64CF6AFB42E73E" author="Osburn R. C." box="[1056,1216,865,892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref18805" refString="Osburn R. C. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE7D92CF6AFAF0E73E" author="Osburn R. C." box="[1238,1394,865,892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref18805" refString="Osburn R. C. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE79FFCF8FFE1AE7DC" author="Dick M. H. &amp; Ross J. R. P." box="[187,408,900,927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref17652" refString="Dick M. H. &amp; Ross J. R. P. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Occasional Paper, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies 28: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1988">Dick &amp; Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to the cribrate ascopore,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7A10CF8EFBAFE7DC" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[852,1069,900,926]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7A10CF8EFBAFE7DC" box="[852,1069,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. pauciperforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles both
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7DA8CF8EFAF4E7DC" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[1260,1398,900,926]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cribrosa">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7DA8CF8EFAF4E7DC" box="[1260,1398,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. cribrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE79B4CFA3FE3FE783" authorityName="Dick &amp; Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[240,445,935,961]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="neocribroides">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE79B4CFA3FE3FE783" box="[240,445,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. neocribroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the ascopore close to the proximal margin of the orifice and the latter species in the limited number of pseudopores on the frontal shield. However,
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7D7ECFC0FA90E7A6" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[1082,1298,970,996]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7D7ECFC0FA90E7A6" box="[1082,1298,970,996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. pauciperforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has very distinct elliptical marginal areolae all along the lateral margins that are lacking in
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7DE0CFE5FAECE045" authorityName="Dick &amp; Ross" authorityYear="1988" box="[1188,1390,1005,1031]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="neocribroides">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7DE0CFE5FAECE045" box="[1188,1390,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. neocribroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9C824FC43E0CD" blockId="10.[189,1400,1071,1168]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
The presence of avicularia located proximolaterally is an unusual feature for
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7D17C824FB6CE00B" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[1107,1262,1071,1097]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7D17C824FB6CE00B" box="[1107,1262,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this might be induced by the presence of predators and the necessity to repair some boreholes as seen in colonies of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7999C87DFD93E0D2" authority="(Jullien, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Jullien" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[221,529,1141,1168]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyadesi">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7999C87DFEDCE0CD" box="[221,350,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">M. hyadesi</emphasis>
(Jullien, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE7B0BC87EFCDEE0D2" author="Di Martino E. &amp; Taylor P. D. &amp; Gordon D. P." box="[591,860,1141,1168]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref18068" refString="Di Martino E., Taylor P. D. &amp; Gordon D. P. 2020. Erect bifoliate species of Microporella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), fossil and modern. European Journal of Taxonomy 678: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.678" type="journal article" year="2020">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7B9EC87DFC97E0CD" box="[730,789,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9C8BCFC1BE178" blockId="10.[187,1399,1207,1339]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
The signs of abrasion on the frontal shield seen in some zooids (
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC30FFBE7AD3C8BCFB93E093" box="[919,1041,1207,1233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[276,1312,265,1714]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Microporella pauciperforata Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino sp. nov., holotype (SBMNH 704788), Trinidad Head North, California, USA. A. General view of the colony showing majority of zooids lacking avicularia (some marked with asterisks), zooid with proximolateral avicularium (arrow), and an ovicellate zooid (star). B. Group of autozooids with abraded frontal shields either lacking avicularia, or with small, lateral avicularium distally directed or placed in the proximolateral corner and directed proximally. C. Close-up of the ovicellate zooid showing a preserved reticulate ascopore. D. Close-up of reticulate ascopore. E. Close-up of an avicularium. F. Close-up of zooids with evident spine bases (white arrows). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, F = 200 µm; D = 60 µm; E = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
) might be due to the high wave action typical of the intertidal environment in which the colony was found. Similar signs of abrasion and/or dissolution were observed in fossil species of
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE7A61C8F6FC43E155" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[805,961,1277,1303]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7A61C8F6FC43E155" box="[805,961,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Microporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC30FFBE7D77C8F6FB0AE155" box="[1075,1160,1277,1303]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Florida</collectingRegion>
Tamiami Formation (
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC30FFBE7981C92BFE56E179" author="Di Martino E. &amp; Taylor P. D. &amp; Portell R. W." box="[197,468,1312,1339]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" refId="ref18014" refString="Di Martino E., Taylor P. D. &amp; Portell R. W. 2019. Anomia - associated bryozoans from the upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) lower Tamiami Formation of Florida, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica: 22.1. 11. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 920" type="book" year="2019">
Di Martino
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE7815C92AFE0FE178" box="[337,397,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). In that case, the cause was unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC30FFBE79F9C969FD04E1B3" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9C969FE77E13E" blockId="10.[189,501,1378,1404]" box="[189,501,1378,1404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="563FEF0EBC30FFBE79F9C969FE77E13E" bold="true" box="[189,501,1378,1404]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE79F9C969FE77E13E" bold="true" box="[189,501,1378,1404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D775862BC30FFBE79F9C99BFD04E1B3" blockId="10.[189,1399,1424,1521]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC30FFBE79F9C99BFCCDE1E8" authority="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityName="Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,847,1424,1451]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pauciperforata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC30FFBE79F9C99BFD91E1E8" box="[189,531,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Microporella pauciperforata</emphasis>
Chowdhury &amp; Di Martino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="248F390BBC30FFBE7A11C99AFC32E1E9" box="[853,944,1425,1451]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from a single specimen from
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC30FFBE79BAC9BFFEE0E18C" box="[254,354,1460,1486]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
Head North in
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC30FFBE7B5AC9BFFD1AE18C" box="[542,664,1460,1486]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC30FFBE7BE1C9BFFD61E18C" box="[677,739,1460,1486]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="44">USA</collectingCountry>
. The single colony was found encrusting a boulder in a highly exposed intertidal boulder field.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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