treatments-xml/data/75/51/3F/75513F417B72FFDFFF02ED19930CFADF.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790271" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca35c50f-b0c5-4032-b06d-f71b00710c8d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751254" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790271" ID-ZooBank="C26E1A82-0DD4-48EF-865C-9D8AA788B739" approvalRequired="188" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="59" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="129" checkinTime="1587990637238" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Crabo, Lars &amp; Lafontaine, Donald" docDate="2009" docId="75513F417B72FFDFFF02ED19930CFADF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2110.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 30 (30)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@648ded35" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Lasionycta Aurivillius 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="896847397B71FFD6FF8EE829912DFFF8" masterDocTitle="A Revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643569142744" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:title>A Revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Crabo, Lars</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Washington State University, Bellingham, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lafontaine, Donald</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2009-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.30.308</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">ca35c50f-b0c5-4032-b06d-f71b00710c8d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75513F417B72FFDFFF02ED19930CFADF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75513F417B72FFDFFF02ED19930CFADF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection box="[140,401,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,401,1328,1354]" box="[140,401,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading box="[140,401,1328,1354]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Aurivillius" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[140,401,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,401,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,268,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lasionycta</emphasis>
Aurivillius
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1398,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation author="Aurivillius C" box="[140,548,1398,1425]" page="285" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1892">
<taxonomicName authority="Aurivillius, 1892 b: 285" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1892" box="[140,548,1398,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,253,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lasionycta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Aurivillius C" box="[267,548,1398,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="285 - 286" refId="ref63951" refString="Aurivillius C (1892 b) Eine neue palaearktische Eulengattung. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 285 - 286." type="journal article" year="1892">Aurivillius, 1892b: 285</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus box="[565,620,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName box="[732,996,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[732,996,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phlogophora skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herrich- Schäffer by original designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1398,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation author="Hampson GF" box="[140,482,1469,1496]" page="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1905">
<taxonomicName authority="Hampson, 1905: 47" authorityName="Hampson" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1905" box="[140,482,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasiestra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,233,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lasiestra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson GF" box="[243,482,1469,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref64745" refString="Hampson GF (1905) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Vol. 5. Taylor and Francis, London, 634 pp." type="book" year="1905">Hampson, 1905: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus box="[494,549,1470,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Moschler" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1864" box="[653,973,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoca">
<emphasis box="[653,858,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dianthoecia phoca</emphasis>
Möschler
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1398,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation author="Kozhanchikov I" box="[140,570,1539,1566]" page="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1947">
<taxonomicName authority="Kozhanchikov, 1947: 18" authorityName="Kozhanchikov" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1947" box="[140,570,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Pseudanarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,274,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudanarta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kozhanchikov I" box="[284,570,1539,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="12 - 35" refId="ref64975" refString="Kozhanchikov I (1947) Th e systematics of genera of the Anarta group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in relation to ecology and geographic distribution of the species of Anarta Ochs. Entomological Review 29: 12 - 35." type="journal article" year="1947">Kozhanchikov, 1947: 18</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus box="[584,639,1540,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Staudinger" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1861" box="[744,1070,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bohemani">
<emphasis box="[744,938,1539,1566]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anarta bohemani</emphasis>
Staudinger
</taxonomicName>
by original designation. Preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName authority="Grote, 1878" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1878" box="[604,888,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Pseudanarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[604,738,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudanarta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Grote AR" box="[745,888,1575,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="169 - 196" refId="ref64656" refString="Grote AR (1878) Descriptions of Noctuidae, chiefly from California. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4: 169 - 196." type="journal article" year="1878">Grote, 1878</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1398,1637]" box="[140,1080,1610,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,1080,1610,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation author="Boursin C" box="[140,496,1610,1637]" page="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1952">
<taxonomicName authority="Boursin, 1952: 55" authorityName="Boursin" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1952" box="[140,496,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anartomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,279,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anartomima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Boursin C" box="[286,496,1610,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="49 - 69" refId="ref64158" refString="Boursin C (1952) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Agrotidae-Trifinae, XLIX. Synonymie-notizen nebst verschiedenen bemerkungen, III. Zeitschrift fur Lepidopterologie 2: 49 - 69." type="journal article" year="1952">Boursin, 1952: 55</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Replacement name for 
<taxonomicName authority="Kozhanchikov." authorityName="Kozhanchikov." box="[771,1080,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Pseudanarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[771,905,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudanarta</emphasis>
Kozhanchikov.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,267,166,192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis box="[140,262,166,192]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[273,386,167,192]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[273,386,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[523,647,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hadeninae">Hadeninae</taxonomicName>
based on trifine hindwing venation (vein M2 vestigial), hairy eyes, and larva with a dorsoventrally flattened spinneret with the opening shaped as a narrow transverse slit with an apical fringe. Within 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[976,1103,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hadeninae">Hadeninae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[140,253,273,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,253,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is classified in Eriopygini Fibiger and Lafontaine based on an undivided larval hypopharynx, lack of an inner tooth on the larval mandible, and features of the larval spinneret, including elongated shape and apical fringe confined to the end of groove (
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M &amp; Lafontaine JD" box="[229,559,378,405]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="7 - 92" refId="ref64374" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Within Eriopygini, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[414,529,414,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[414,529,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the male genitalia, which have the following features: 1) an uncus with a nearly cylindrical base with a pointed or dorso-ventrally flattened tip; 2) a strap-like valve bearing a C-shaped clasper, an elongate digitus oriented 30–90° to the axis, a small to moderately large cucullus with a simple or compound corona, and a membranous flap on the mesial surface distal to the sacculus (post-saccular flap); 3) an elongate coiled or spiraled vesica bearing zero to six pointed subbasal cornuti with broad bases and a distal field of minute cornuti or one or two rows of spine-like cornuti oriented perpendicular to the vesica axis. The distal cornuti field is adjacent to a membranous wrinkled band running the length of the vesica.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastBlockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,432,765,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis box="[185,333,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
. Head 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[417,432,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Male antenna beadlike, biserrate, or bipectinate (1.1 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1040,1055,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
5.4× as wide as central shaft) and fasciculate. Female antenna filiform and ciliate. Scape with a tuft of longer scales at dorsal base of antenna. Eye hairy, round to ellipsoid. Head covered in hair-like scales. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[516,624,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Thorax 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[609,624,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Vestiture dense hair-like scales or mixture of hair-like and weakly spatulate scales. Foretibia with epiphysis. Tarsal segments with three rows of spine-like setae. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[546,647,941,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Wings 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[632,647,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Ground color light to dark gray or gray brown. Wings of most species with typical noctuine lines and spots present (indistinct in several species). Hindwing nearly uniform gray or lighter gray, white, or yellow with variable dark suffusion and contrasting darker discal spot, postmedial line, and marginal band. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[327,528,1081,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Male genitalia 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,528,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Uncus curved, slightly laterally compressed with hook-like apex or with distal portion dorsoventrally flattened with ovoid or spatulate apex. Valve elongate, strap-like, 4.5–8.0× as long as wide. Sacculus rounded, relatively weak, with costal lobe extending below or above costal margin of valve. Valve bearing a membranous flap on ventromesial surface distal to sacculus (&quot;postsaccular flap&quot;) (lacking in 
<taxonomicName box="[340,458,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[340,356,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[371,458,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group). Distal portion of valve weakly to moderately constricted below cucullus (neck). Cucullus 0.65–1.50× as wide as valve, with corona of 1–4 rows of stout claw-like setae. Clasper cylindrical and curved posterodorsad. Digitus moderately sclerotized, oriented 30–45° ventrad, finger-like with variable width base, or more heavily sclerotized, oriented 90° ventrad, with a basal flange or prong (
<taxonomicName box="[331,442,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subdita">
<emphasis box="[331,347,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[361,442,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">subdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group). Aedeagus cylindrical, tubular, or with single thorn-like or multiple-tipped raised apical projection on right; vesica 1.5–3.0× as long as aedeagus, curved and twisted to nearly straight beyond a subbasal bend or coil, distal part extending right and ventral to distal aedeagus, with zero to six basal cornuti (variable between and within species) comprised of a central spike from a smooth to crenulate button-like base; vesica with a wrinkled lightly sclerotized band along entire length, distal vesica with adjacent field of multiple setae as a band of in- numerable velvety setae or one or more rows of stouter setae oriented perpendicular to vesica axis. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[300,519,201,228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Female genitalia 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[504,519,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Ovipositor lobe membranous and pad-like covered with hair-like setae or stout and conical covered with short stout setae. Abdominal segment VIII 0.3–1.2× as long as wide, short in species with pad-like ovipositors and elongate in species with conical ovipositors, covered with variable number of short setae, greatest ventrally and along posterior margin. Ductus bursae moderately sclerotized, cylindrical to dorsoventrally flattened, distal ventral aspect turned onto adjacent dorsal membranous bursa as a flange-like supporting structure; some species groups with posterior end heavily sclerotized and expanded to left (
<taxonomicName box="[988,1108,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[988,1004,449,474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1021,1108,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group) or anterior end expanded to right (
<taxonomicName box="[720,832,483,510]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subdita">
<emphasis box="[720,736,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[751,832,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">subdita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group). Corpus bursae membranous, spherical or ovoid, with 3 elongate signa separated by 90°, one on each surface except side with appendix bursae (1 ventral signum in 
<taxonomicName box="[987,1108,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[987,1003,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1021,1108,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group), with very weak to prominent mesial constriction, most pronounced on dorsal side near appendix bursae origin. Appendix bursae membranous or lightly sclerotized, arising from left side (
<taxonomicName box="[539,691,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[539,555,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[572,691,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group) or dorsum of posterior corpus bursae and extending anteriorly to left, or posterodorsad from corpus bursae; shape of appendix weakly to strongly coiled 570° (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[828,926,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[828,844,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[861,926,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[988,1108,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[988,1004,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1021,1108,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-groups, respectively) or straight with subapical 90° bend. Ductus seminalis at distal appendix bursae (posterior end in most species, anterior end in 
<taxonomicName box="[956,1108,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[956,972,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[989,1108,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,336,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[185,248,871,897]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">Early</emphasis>
stages.
</emphasis>
Larvae are known for 
<taxonomicName authority="(Herrich-Schaffer)" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" box="[605,975,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[605,621,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[639,755,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">skraelingia</emphasis>
(Herrich-Schäffer)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[989,1005,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1023,1107,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Staudinger)" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" box="[252,535,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[252,268,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[281,385,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">leucocycla</emphasis>
(Staudinger)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Aurivillius)" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" box="[545,839,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis box="[545,561,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[574,694,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">staudingeri</emphasis>
(Aurivillius)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[896,1108,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis box="[896,912,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[925,1014,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">perplexa</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Godfrey GL" box="[147,312,941,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref64518" refString="Godfrey GL (1972) A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1450: 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="1972">Godfrey 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ahola M &amp; Silvonen K" box="[325,621,941,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref63905" refString="Ahola M, Silvonen K (2008) Larvae of Northern European Noctuidae, Volume 2. KuvaSeppala Yhtiot Oy, Vaasa, 672 pp." type="book" year="2008">Ahola and Silvonen 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Hypopharynx undivided, mandible lacking a tooth on inner surface, spinneret long and narrow, and fringe at spinneret apex confined to a small area at end of dorsal groove (
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M &amp; Lafontaine JD" box="[686,1016,1011,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="7 - 92" refId="ref64374" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,299,1047,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis box="[185,294,1047,1073]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[366,481,1047,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[366,481,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in this revision are included in 
<taxonomicName authority="Boursin" authorityName="Boursin" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anartomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[967,1108,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anartomima</emphasis>
Boursin
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1905" box="[244,463,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasiestra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[244,339,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasiestra</emphasis>
Hampson
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1892" box="[523,638,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[523,638,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Moths of North America checklist (
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG &amp; Todd EL" box="[147,488,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="120 - 159" refId="ref64409" refString="Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. pp. 120 - 159. In: Hodges RW, Dominick T, Davis DR, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Munroe EG, Powell JA (1983) Check List of the Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London, xxiv + 284 pp." type="book chapter" year="1983">Franclemont and Todd 1983</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1905" box="[510,605,1118,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasiestra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[510,605,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasiestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[622,673,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Moschler" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1864" box="[776,1100,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoca">
<emphasis box="[776,983,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dianthoecia phoca</emphasis>
Möschler
</taxonomicName>
) has since been synonymized with 
<taxonomicName authority="(Lafontaine et al. 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[536,942,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[536,651,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lafontaine JD &amp; Kononenko VS &amp; McCabe TL" box="[668,934,1152,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="255 - 279" refId="ref65066" refString="Lafontaine JD, Kononenko VS, McCabe TL (1986) A Review of the Lasionycta leucocycla complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with descriptions of three new subspecies. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 255 - 279." type="journal article" year="1986">Lafontaine et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first treated as a 
<taxonomicName box="[450,565,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[450,565,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H &amp; Ronkay L &amp; Hreblay M" box="[701,921,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref64716" refString="Hacker H, Ronkay L, Hreblay M (2002) Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. Entomological Press, Soro, 419 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hacker et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
). It resembles 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,257,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Hampson)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[317,555,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[317,333,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[350,414,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">phaea</emphasis>
(Hampson)
</taxonomicName>
and like them the vesica is long; superficially it differs mainly in hindwing color. Its generic placement was scrutinized for this work because both sexes of 
<taxonomicName box="[403,523,1293,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[403,419,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[437,523,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from other 
<taxonomicName box="[744,859,1294,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[744,859,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several seemingly unique anatomic features. Characters intermediate between 
<taxonomicName box="[858,980,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[858,874,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[894,980,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName box="[140,255,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,255,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were found in the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[571,669,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[571,587,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[605,669,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[731,859,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutilata">
<emphasis box="[731,747,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[764,859,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mutilata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-groups. Also, CO1 gene sequence distance analysis nests 
<taxonomicName box="[626,742,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[626,642,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[656,742,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among other 
<taxonomicName box="[900,1015,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[900,1015,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
speciesgroups, usually closest to the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[488,585,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[488,504,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[521,585,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group. This supports its inclusion in 
<taxonomicName box="[140,255,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,255,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and it is herein treated as the sole member of the 
<taxonomicName box="[824,940,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[824,840,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[854,940,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group. A check list of the North American 
<taxonomicName box="[550,671,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lasionycta</taxonomicName>
species is presented in 
<tableCitation box="[935,1023,1504,1530]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="106.[140,200,166,188]" captionText="Table 2. Check List of North American Lasionycta Auriv. and Psammopolia Crabo &amp; Laf. LASIONYCTA Auriv., 1892 LASIESTRA Hamp., 1905" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Species included in 
<taxonomicName box="[406,519,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[406,519,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in recent European literature are more diverse in appearance, morphology, and biology than in North America. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H &amp; Ronkay L &amp; Hreblay M" box="[808,1033,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref64716" refString="Hacker H, Ronkay L, Hreblay M (2002) Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. Entomological Press, Soro, 419 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hacker et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
list 18 Palaearctic species in the genus. Four of these (
<taxonomicName box="[650,794,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[650,666,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[679,794,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[807,939,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[807,823,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[835,939,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[952,1101,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis box="[952,968,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[981,1101,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[189,302,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[189,205,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[218,302,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are Holarctic and are included in the current revision. Two other Asian species, 
<taxonomicName authority="Kononenko" authorityName="Kononenko" box="[233,509,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buraetica">
<emphasis box="[233,249,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[266,366,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">buraetica</emphasis>
Kononenko
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Kononenko" authorityName="Kononenko" box="[570,806,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis box="[570,586,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[603,659,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">corax</emphasis>
Kononenko
</taxonomicName>
, are related to Nearctic 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,203,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as is 
<taxonomicName authority="Lafontaine &amp; Kononenko (Lafontaine and Kononenko 1988)" authorityName="Lafontaine &amp; Kononenko (Lafontaine and Kononenko" authorityYear="1988" box="[275,1107,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpicola">
<emphasis box="[275,291,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[308,391,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">alpicola</emphasis>
Lafontaine &amp; Kononenko (
<bibRefCitation author="Lafontaine JD &amp; Kononenko VS" box="[713,1099,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="903 - 916" refId="ref65105" refString="Lafontaine JD, Kononenko VS (1988) A revision of the Lasionycta skraelingia Herrich-Schaffer) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 120: 903 - 916." type="journal article" year="1988">Lafontaine and Kononenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which was omitted from this list. Four other species, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[753,842,238,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[753,842,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis box="[859,951,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">calberlai</emphasis>
(Staudinger), 
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" box="[140,369,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopygodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbecilla">
<emphasis box="[140,239,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imbecilla</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis box="[429,495,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">impar</emphasis>
(Staudinger), occur in Europe and were described and illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H &amp; Ronkay L &amp; Hreblay M" box="[294,527,307,334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref64716" refString="Hacker H, Ronkay L, Hreblay M (2002) Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. Entomological Press, Soro, 419 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hacker et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. Th ey have no close relatives in North America and were therefore evaluated to determine their relationship to other 
<taxonomicName box="[869,982,343,368]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[869,982,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis box="[185,277,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Proxima</emphasis>
, the 
<typeStatus box="[338,386,378,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName authority="Berio, 1981" authorityName="Berio" authorityYear="1981" box="[513,785,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[513,638,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionhada</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Berio E" box="[647,785,378,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref64117" refString="Berio E ([1981] 1980 - 1981) Modificazioni al sistema delle Hadeninae e Cucullinae Italiene attuchmente seguito (Lepidoptera - Noctuidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 83: 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1981">Berio, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has genitalia (Figs 190 and 245) similar to other 
<taxonomicName box="[391,504,414,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[391,504,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th e male genital capsule resembles closely those of the 
<taxonomicName box="[185,412,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[185,412,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group in all characters including the presence of the post-saccular flap. However, the vesica differs from those of 
<taxonomicName box="[828,941,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[828,941,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in this revision in that the elongate band of distal setae are positioned on the membranous band, not at its margin. Th e female genitalia are similar to those of the 
<taxonomicName box="[970,1107,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[970,986,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1003,1107,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group but lack signa on the corpus bursae and have long symmetrically pointed ovipositor lobes, characters not found elsewhere in 
<taxonomicName box="[727,840,625,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[727,840,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th e CO1 sequence of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[140,230,660,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[140,230,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests that it is an outlier from other 
<taxonomicName box="[695,808,660,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[695,808,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, usually clustering adjacent to them but occasionally grouping with related genera like 
<taxonomicName authority="Grote" authorityName="Grote. ZooKeys" authorityYear="1875" box="[926,1108,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Tricholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[926,1032,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tricholita</emphasis>
Grote
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[148,251,730,756]" captionStart="Figure 247" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[192,1083,225,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[159,1089,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 247. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of North American Lasionycta, Psammopolia, Tricholita ferrisi and Eurasian Lasionhada proxima and Eriopygodes imbecilla. Incomplete haplotypes with 600–657 base pairs are denoted with (*) and those with 550–599 base pairs with (**). The letter and number code after each species is a unique haplotype identifier followed by the number of samples in parentheses. No data is available for Psammopolia insolens, P. sala, or P. ochracea. The illustrated species show a member of each species-group and are scaled to the same size. The Lasionycta leucocycla species-group is shown in Fig. 248." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769245/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 247</figureCitation>
). It also differs biologically from other 
<taxonomicName box="[713,826,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[713,826,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it occurs in dry temperate areas as low as sea level, whereas other 
<taxonomicName box="[700,813,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[700,813,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species prefer conifer forests or tundra. For these reasons we transfer 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[635,725,801,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis box="[635,725,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
back to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berio" authorityYear="1981" box="[821,946,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[821,946,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionhada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName authority="(Hubner)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionhada proxima</emphasis>
(Hübner)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. rev. Th e morphologic and DNA data suggest that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berio" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionhada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister group to 
<taxonomicName box="[437,550,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[437,550,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis box="[185,284,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calberlai</emphasis>
is the 
<typeStatus box="[362,410,906,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName authority="Beck, 1991" authorityName="Beck" authorityYear="1991" box="[532,800,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Clemathada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[532,663,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clemathada</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Beck H" box="[672,800,906,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="175 - 232" refId="ref64063" refString="Beck H (1991) Taxonomische anderungen bei den Noctuinae, Cuculliinae, und Plusiinae (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). Atalanta 22: 175 - 232." type="journal article" year="1991">Beck, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and was moved from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
back to this genus by 
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M &amp; Lafontaine JD" box="[447,782,941,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="7 - 92" refId="ref64374" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 92." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. Th ey noted that it belongs in Hadenini, not Eriopygini, based on larva characters including a divided hypopharynx.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis box="[185,285,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Imbecilla</emphasis>
is the 
<typeStatus box="[358,406,1012,1038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName authority="Hampson, 1905" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1905" box="[526,843,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopygodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[526,651,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eriopygodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson GF" box="[657,843,1011,1038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref64745" refString="Hampson GF (1905) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Vol. 5. Taylor and Francis, London, 634 pp." type="book" year="1905">Hampson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and was first associated with 
<taxonomicName box="[198,311,1047,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[198,311,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H &amp; Ronkay L &amp; Hreblay M" box="[352,583,1047,1073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref64716" refString="Hacker H, Ronkay L, Hreblay M (2002) Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. Entomological Press, Soro, 419 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hacker et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. It was examined and differs significantly from 
<taxonomicName box="[140,253,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,253,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several respects, including presence of a stout broadly ovate clasper, a vestigial digitus, and no postsaccular flap of the male valve (Fig. 191). It does not group with other 
<taxonomicName box="[263,376,1153,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[263,376,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on CO1 sequence analysis, instead clustering with 
<taxonomicName authority="(Guenee)" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lorea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lacinipolia lorea</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
, which it also resembles superficially. 
<taxonomicName authority="McDunnough" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[716,1012,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[716,839,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lacinipolia</emphasis>
McDunnough
</taxonomicName>
remains a large heterogeneous genus in need of revision. 
<emphasis box="[686,786,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Imbecilla</emphasis>
is herein transferred back to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1905" box="[140,265,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopygodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,265,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eriopygodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" box="[300,562,1258,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eriopygodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbecilla">
<emphasis box="[300,317,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[332,431,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imbecilla</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, comb. rev.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis box="[185,252,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Impar</emphasis>
was not available for examination for this revision but is illustrated by Hack- er et al. (2002). Its habitus and vesica are somewhat atypical for 
<taxonomicName box="[884,997,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[884,997,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although the genitalia are similar. We retain it in 
<taxonomicName box="[585,698,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[585,698,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending further review of the Eurasian Eriopygini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The other eight species in the Hacker list (
<taxonomicName authority="Bang-Haas" authorityName="Bang-Haas" box="[669,912,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hospita">
<emphasis box="[669,685,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[701,777,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hospita</emphasis>
Bang-Haas
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Varga" authorityName="Varga" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanographa">
<emphasis box="[924,940,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[956,1108,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanographa</emphasis>
Varga
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[218,384,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanoides">
<emphasis box="[218,234,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[248,384,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">montanoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion box="[391,456,1469,1495]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Poole</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Alphareky)" baseAuthorityName="Alphareky" box="[467,742,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis box="[467,483,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[497,596,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">orientalis</emphasis>
(Alpharéky)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Pungeler)" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" box="[752,985,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decreta">
<emphasis box="[752,768,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[782,857,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">decreta</emphasis>
(Püngeler)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(F. Wagner)" baseAuthorityName="F. Wagner" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draudti">
<emphasis box="[996,1012,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1026,1107,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">draudti</emphasis>
(F. Wagner)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Varga" authorityName="Varga" box="[292,507,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampsoni">
<emphasis box="[292,308,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[326,430,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hampsoni</emphasis>
Varga
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Pungeler))" baseAuthorityName="Pungeler" box="[574,827,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levicula">
<emphasis box="[574,590,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[608,691,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">levicula</emphasis>
(Püngeler))
</taxonomicName>
are Asian and were not otherwise evaluated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H &amp; Ronkay L &amp; Hreblay M" box="[400,626,1539,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref64716" refString="Hacker H, Ronkay L, Hreblay M (2002) Hadeninae I. Noctuidae Europaeae, Vol. 4. Entomological Press, Soro, 419 pp." type="book" year="2002">Hacker et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
or by us in the current work. Only the first four of these species are included in 
<taxonomicName box="[549,662,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[549,662,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Poole RW" box="[704,855,1575,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref65418" refString="Poole RW (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series), fascicle 118, Noctuidae. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1314 pp." type="book" year="1989">
<collectingRegion box="[704,766,1575,1601]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Poole</collectingRegion>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Four North American species included in 
<taxonomicName box="[680,796,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[680,796,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in recent checklists (Franclemont and 
<bibRefCitation author="Todd EL" box="[293,425,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref65865" refString="Todd EL (1982) Th e noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645, 228 pp." type="book" year="1982">Todd 1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Poole RW" box="[438,571,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref65418" refString="Poole RW (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus (New Series), fascicle 118, Noctuidae. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1314 pp." type="book" year="1989">
<collectingRegion box="[438,501,1645,1671]" country="United Kingdom" name="Poole" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Poole</collectingRegion>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote)" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[597,811,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis box="[597,613,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[629,714,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">insolens</emphasis>
(Grote)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote)" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[825,1022,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arietis">
<emphasis box="[825,841,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[857,925,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">arietis</emphasis>
(Grote)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis box="[1035,1051,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">wy- atti</emphasis>
(Barnes &amp; Benjamin), and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith)" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[519,748,167,194]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis box="[519,535,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[554,647,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ochracea</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
and the recently described 
<taxonomicName authority="Troubridge &amp; Mustelin" authorityName="Troubridge &amp; Mustelin" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sala">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,182,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sala</emphasis>
Troubridge &amp; Mustelin
</taxonomicName>
) occur on Pacific Ocean sand beaches. Th eir larvae and adults differ structurally from other 
<taxonomicName box="[571,687,238,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[571,687,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Godfrey GL" box="[705,891,237,263]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref64518" refString="Godfrey GL (1972) A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1450: 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="1972">Godfrey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
grouped 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1006,1108,238,264]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arietis">
<emphasis box="[1006,1022,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1040,1108,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">arietis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[194,299,273,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wyatti">
<emphasis box="[194,210,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[229,299,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">wyatti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separately from other 
<taxonomicName box="[573,689,273,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[573,689,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[710,836,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis box="[710,726,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[745,836,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an identified species of “ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1905" box="[235,331,308,333]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasiestra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[235,331,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasiestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from Mt Rainier) in a comprehensive review of North American Hadenine larvae, recognizing that they formed a “very unique group.” These beach species cluster on CO1 distance analysis, consistently nesting among 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[928,1055,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[928,1055,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lacinipolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and removed from other 
<taxonomicName box="[476,592,414,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[476,592,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th ese data indicate that they are not closely related to 
<taxonomicName box="[260,376,449,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[260,376,449,474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A new genus, 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" box="[560,959,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[560,707,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psammopolia</emphasis>
Crabo &amp; Lafontaine
</taxonomicName>
, is described for them in this paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Many 
<taxonomicName box="[261,374,519,544]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[261,374,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are alpine and have virtually no prospect for gene exchange between populations in different mountain ranges. It is not surprising that many populations differ slightly in appearance from those from nearby ranges. This revision required many decisions on whether to treat various levels of dissimilar disjunct populations as species, subspecies, or variation. After discovering convincing evidence that several 
<taxonomicName box="[221,354,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[221,237,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[250,354,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group taxa previously considered subspecies of 
<taxonomicName box="[973,1107,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[973,989,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1003,1107,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName authority="(Barnes &amp; Benjamin)" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Barnes &amp; Benjamin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[347,678,730,757]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poca">
<emphasis box="[347,363,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[379,427,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">poca</emphasis>
(Barnes &amp; Benjamin)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith))" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[736,940,730,757]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flanda">
<emphasis box="[736,752,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[767,836,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">flanda</emphasis>
(Smith))
</taxonomicName>
greater weight was given to superficial characters of pattern and color, taking care not to over interpret variability in species like 
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[430,668,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis box="[430,446,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[463,567,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">uniformis</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
. Proposed changes were tested against DNA data to formulate the most congruous final classification. Nonetheless, we usually gave greater weight to morphology and habitus than DNA and recognize several species without any DNA sequence differences, especially where the ranges were found to abut or overlap without any intermediate forms in the areas of sympatry. Taxa were treated as subspecies when there were significant differences in appearance between large regional populations with only slight overlap in characters, especially in species with multiple CO1 haplotypes in which barcode differences were considered to be less reliable than in groups with less variable DNA. We resisted the temptation to name small populations (e.g., 
<taxonomicName authority="(Morrison)" baseAuthorityName="Morrison" box="[416,681,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="promulsa">
<emphasis box="[416,432,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[448,547,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">promulsa</emphasis>
(Morrison)
</taxonomicName>
from the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains), except when highly disjunct (
<taxonomicName box="[566,779,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uniformis" subSpecies="shasta">
<emphasis box="[566,582,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[600,779,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">uniformis shasta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. n. in California and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uniformis" subSpecies="handfieldi">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,362,1187,1214]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">uniformis handfieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. n. in eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[563,655,1187,1214]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,376,1223,1249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis box="[185,282,1223,1249]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">Barcode</emphasis>
results.
</emphasis>
A total of 310 North American 
<taxonomicName box="[753,866,1223,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[753,866,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were submitted for CO1 barcode sequencing. Of these, 208 produced sequences of 600 or more base pairs and 168 were complete (658 bp). No barcode results are available for four species (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[234,366,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolynae">
<emphasis box="[234,250,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[266,366,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">carolynae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[383,480,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illima">
<emphasis box="[383,399,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[415,480,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">illima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[496,626,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macleani">
<emphasis box="[496,512,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[528,626,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">macleani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[642,734,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mono">
<emphasis box="[642,658,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[674,734,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mono</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and only incomplete sequences are available for eight more (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[463,584,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coracina">
<emphasis box="[463,479,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[494,584,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">coracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Barnes &amp; Benjamin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[599,696,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">
<emphasis box="[599,615,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[630,696,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dolosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[710,810,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flanda">
<emphasis box="[710,726,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[741,810,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">flanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[825,961,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagganata">
<emphasis box="[825,841,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[856,961,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lagganata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[975,1069,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis box="[975,991,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1006,1069,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sasquatch">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,242,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sasquatch</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[257,346,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
<emphasis box="[257,273,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[288,346,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sierra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Beringia" baseAuthorityName="Gibson" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[361,504,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfumosa">
<emphasis box="[361,377,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[392,504,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">subfumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (all barcode data is presented in the Appendix). The sample set is skewed by the availability of fresh material from the Pacific Northwest, 
<collectingRegion box="[140,226,1469,1495]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alberta</collectingRegion>
, and Churchill, 
<collectingRegion box="[408,519,1469,1495]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
and a relative paucity of suitable material from most other parts of North America. Most samples are from sub-groups in which variability suggested the possibility of several similar species. 
<taxonomicName box="[715,941,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis box="[715,941,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lasionycta uniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[958,1100,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscula">
<emphasis box="[958,974,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[990,1100,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">subfuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[140,260,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis box="[140,156,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[171,260,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[324,459,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[324,340,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[355,459,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are particularly well sampled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Twenty of the 39 species (51.3 %) with complete or partial sequences had a single CO1 haplotype. Five of these are only known from a single sequence, so the true haplotype diversity of these species is unknown. Eleven species (28.2 %) had two haplotypes, and two species had three (5.1 %). Th ere were no species with four or five haplotypes, but six species (15.4 %) had six to twelve haplotypes (
<taxonomicName box="[961,1100,237,264]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[961,977,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[994,1100,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[140,264,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis box="[140,156,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[173,264,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[281,414,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="promulsa">
<emphasis box="[281,297,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[314,414,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">promulsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[431,576,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscula">
<emphasis box="[431,447,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[464,576,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">subfuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lafontaine" authorityYear="1988" box="[594,703,273,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taigata">
<emphasis box="[594,610,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[627,703,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">taigata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[720,859,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis box="[720,736,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[753,859,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">uniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Eight of 39 species (20.5 %) shared haplotypes (
<taxonomicName box="[469,617,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skraelingia">
<emphasis box="[469,485,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[499,617,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">skraelingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lafontaine" authorityYear="1988" box="[673,779,308,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taigata">
<emphasis box="[673,689,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[703,779,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">taigata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[794,944,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracina">
<emphasis box="[794,810,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[824,944,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">anthracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[1000,1100,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flanda">
<emphasis box="[1000,1016,308,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1030,1100,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">flanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Barnes &amp; Benjamin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[140,221,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poca">
<emphasis box="[140,156,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[172,221,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">poca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[279,414,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sasquatch">
<emphasis box="[279,295,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[311,414,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sasquatch</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[480,603,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coracina">
<emphasis box="[480,496,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[512,603,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">coracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[662,800,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[662,678,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[694,800,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Th e haplotypes of 8 species differed by only one or two base pairs (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[643,748,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis box="[643,659,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[675,748,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[808,946,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[808,824,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[840,946,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Boisduval, 1834" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1864" box="[962,1057,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoca">
<emphasis box="[962,978,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[994,1057,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">phoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[140,276,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis box="[140,156,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[170,276,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">uniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[290,411,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis box="[290,306,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[320,411,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[467,556,414,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sierra">
<emphasis box="[467,483,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[497,556,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sierra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[570,723,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis box="[570,586,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[601,723,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Beringia" baseAuthorityName="Gibson" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[778,922,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfumosa">
<emphasis box="[778,794,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[808,922,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">subfumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The neighborjoining trees (
<figureCitation box="[299,401,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 247" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[192,1083,225,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[159,1089,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 247. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of North American Lasionycta, Psammopolia, Tricholita ferrisi and Eurasian Lasionhada proxima and Eriopygodes imbecilla. Incomplete haplotypes with 600–657 base pairs are denoted with (*) and those with 550–599 base pairs with (**). The letter and number code after each species is a unique haplotype identifier followed by the number of samples in parentheses. No data is available for Psammopolia insolens, P. sala, or P. ochracea. The illustrated species show a member of each species-group and are scaled to the same size. The Lasionycta leucocycla species-group is shown in Fig. 248." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769245/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 247</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[461,507,448,474]" captionStart="Figure 248" captionStartId="142.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[192,1058,178,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[177,1071,165,1539]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Figure 248. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of the North American Lasionycta leucocycla species-group. Symbols and codes are the same as in Fig. 247. No data is available for Lasionycta carolynae, L. illima, L. leucocycla hampa, L. macleani, L. mono, or L. uniformis handfieldi. The illustrated specimens demonstrate the variation in appearance of the species-group and are scaled to the same size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769247/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">248</figureCitation>
) demonstrate that seven species are placed adjacent to or nested amongst multiple similar haplotypes of two polytypic species (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracina">
<emphasis box="[994,1010,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">anthracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[200,300,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flanda">
<emphasis box="[200,216,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[230,300,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">flanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[315,418,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis box="[315,331,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[345,418,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[482,603,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coracina">
<emphasis box="[482,498,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[512,603,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">coracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName box="[668,805,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[668,684,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[698,805,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[805,811,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">;</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Boisduval, 1834" authorityName="Moschler" authorityYear="1864" box="[818,912,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dianthoecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoca">
<emphasis box="[818,834,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[849,912,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">phoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[926,1021,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelida">
<emphasis box="[926,942,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[956,1021,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">gelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,222,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName box="[287,423,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis box="[287,303,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[317,423,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">uniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Therefore, 17 
<taxonomicName box="[606,721,555,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[606,721,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (43.6 %) have identical or similar barcodes demonstrating a high frequency of non-discrete haplotype clusters despite the relatively small number of highly polytypic species. Additional sampling of poorly represented species is likely to show an increase in polytypism and haplotype sharing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The CO1 DNA barcodes were helpful for this taxonomic revision in several regards. Above the species level DNA was helpful in defining the generic limits. The DNA data support inclusion of 
<taxonomicName box="[572,692,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secedens">
<emphasis box="[572,588,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[604,692,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">secedens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and exclusion of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionhada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lasionhada proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the beach species herein transferred to 
<taxonomicName box="[718,867,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Psammopolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[718,867,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Psammopolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Within 
<taxonomicName box="[982,1100,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[982,1100,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distance analysis shows species clustering with relatively large differences between such groups supporting the use of species-groups. Th ese longer DNA tree branches mirror the morphology-based species-group classification described in this paper (
<figureCitation box="[148,254,976,1002]" captionStart="Figure 247" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[192,1083,225,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[159,1089,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 247. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of North American Lasionycta, Psammopolia, Tricholita ferrisi and Eurasian Lasionhada proxima and Eriopygodes imbecilla. Incomplete haplotypes with 600–657 base pairs are denoted with (*) and those with 550–599 base pairs with (**). The letter and number code after each species is a unique haplotype identifier followed by the number of samples in parentheses. No data is available for Psammopolia insolens, P. sala, or P. ochracea. The illustrated species show a member of each species-group and are scaled to the same size. The Lasionycta leucocycla species-group is shown in Fig. 248." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769245/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 247</figureCitation>
). DNA results are less convincing at the sub-group level in the large 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocycla">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,249,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">leucocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<figureCitation box="[433,539,1011,1038]" captionStart="Figure 248" captionStartId="142.[140,212,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[192,1058,178,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[177,1071,165,1539]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Figure 248. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of the North American Lasionycta leucocycla species-group. Symbols and codes are the same as in Fig. 247. No data is available for Lasionycta carolynae, L. illima, L. leucocycla hampa, L. macleani, L. mono, or L. uniformis handfieldi. The illustrated specimens demonstrate the variation in appearance of the species-group and are scaled to the same size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769247/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 248</figureCitation>
). Th e seven sub-groups are comprised of one to ten superficially and structurally similar species. Most of the sub-group members show a tendency to form DNA clusters, but only the 
<taxonomicName box="[782,930,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscula">
<emphasis box="[782,798,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[815,930,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">subfuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group consisting of a single species lacks overlap with the other sub-groups. Members of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,265,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sub-group are particularly widely dispersed amongst the entire speciesgroup and its species or species pairs differ by over 6 bp from adjacent species. Although this result could be interpreted to mean that the sub-groups are paraphyletic or polyphyletic, it is probably due to presence of shared haplotypes and non-discrete species haplotype clusters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastBlockId="9.[140,1108,167,932]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Utility of CO1 DNA was also limited at the species level due to the presence of shared haplotypes, close haplotype similarities, and polytypic species as described above. Despite these shortcomings CO1 DNA proved useful in several instances. For example, DNA confirmed that 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[491,612,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[491,507,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[521,612,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[619,679,1434,1460]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Canadian Rocky Mountains is distinct from similar-appearing populations of 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[711,912,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uniformis" status="ssp. n." subSpecies="fusca">
<emphasis box="[711,727,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[745,912,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">uniformis fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[922,996,1470,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="subSpecies">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the central Rocky Mountains. DNA differences support that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Barnes &amp; Benjamin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[789,868,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poca">
<emphasis box="[789,805,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[820,868,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">poca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a widely distributed species, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[285,389,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[285,301,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[317,389,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[399,464,1540,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a closely similar species limited to a small range in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, are distinct, although sympatry of the two species in 
<collectingRegion box="[140,223,1610,1636]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Alberta</collectingRegion>
was also critical. DNA was also seminal in the decision to treat the disjunct 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Barnes &amp; Benjamin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poca">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,188,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">poca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[245,400,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloradensis">
<emphasis box="[245,261,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[275,400,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">coloradensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as species rather than subspecies. In the 
<taxonomicName box="[858,978,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis box="[858,874,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[889,978,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sub-group, large DNA sequence differences first brought to our attention that similar populations from the Pacific Northwest and the central Rocky Mountains, 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[846,990,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[846,862,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[876,990,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">perplexella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[997,1058,202,228]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,276,237,264]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[140,156,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[171,276,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">subalpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[283,346,238,264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, were two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The distributions of many 
<taxonomicName box="[501,619,273,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[501,619,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species reflect survival in Pleistocene glacial refugia and subsequent postglacial dispersal from refugia. Examples of taxa limited to known refugia include 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[556,686,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coracina" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[556,572,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[593,686,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">coracina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[698,768,343,369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[786,927,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolynae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[786,802,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[823,927,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">carolynae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[940,1010,343,369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gibson) in Beringia" authorityName="in Beringia" baseAuthorityName="Gibson" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfumosa">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,256,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">subfumosa</emphasis>
(Gibson) in Beringia
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[524,621,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haida" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[524,540,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[557,621,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">haida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[630,695,378,404]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
on the Queen Charlotte Islands of 
<collectingRegion box="[140,347,413,439]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[358,618,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uniformis" subSpecies="handfieldi">
<emphasis box="[358,374,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[389,618,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">uniformis handfieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Gaspé Peninsula of 
<collectingRegion box="[928,1022,413,439]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quebec</collectingRegion>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="leucocycla" subSpecies="hampa">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,335,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">leucocycla hampa</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
in the White Mountains of 
<collectingRegion box="[776,975,448,475]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
. A detailed analysis is beyond the scope of this paper; however, it is interesting to speculate that several distinctive CO1 DNA haplotypes in Pacific Northwest populations of 
<taxonomicName authority="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine, 2009" authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subfuscula" status="ssp. n." subSpecies="livida">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,328,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">subfuscula livida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[335,409,554,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subSpecies">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[467,730,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="uniformis" subSpecies="multicolor">
<emphasis box="[467,483,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[499,730,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">uniformis multicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. n. could have resulted from montane refugial isolation and postglacial dispersal. If a widespread species became divided into isolated populations during periods of glaciation the isolates would develop different haplotypes due to genetic drift. As a current example, isolated 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo &amp; Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[140,249,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">subalpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations in the mountains of northwest 
<collectingRegion box="[764,879,695,721]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
have distinct DNA haplotypes differing by nearly one per cent from those in the isolated Snowy Range in the southeast part of the state. Blending of populations could occur if the segregates remained interfertile and came into contact after the ice receded. The distinct CO1 haplotypes would be preserved since mitochondrial DNA reflects maternal lineage, whereas other evolved characteristics dependent on nuclear genes would be lost through interbreeding.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,371,1026,1053]" box="[140,371,1026,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,371,1026,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Species accounts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,1082,1320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The species of 
<taxonomicName box="[308,421,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[308,421,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lasionycta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are arranged into seven species-groups defined by male and female genital morphology. Th e uncus shape, vesica length, digitus morphology, and cucullus shape are the most important characters for separating species-groups in males. In females, ovipositor lobe shape and vestiture, appendix bursae position and shape, and ductus bursae shape are important distinguishing features. The classification based on morphology is supported by species groupings based on distance analysis of CO1 DNA sequences (
<figureCitation box="[433,532,1293,1319]" captionStart="Figure 247" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[192,1083,225,1446]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[159,1089,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 247. Neighbor-joining CO1 tree of North American Lasionycta, Psammopolia, Tricholita ferrisi and Eurasian Lasionhada proxima and Eriopygodes imbecilla. Incomplete haplotypes with 600–657 base pairs are denoted with (*) and those with 550–599 base pairs with (**). The letter and number code after each species is a unique haplotype identifier followed by the number of samples in parentheses. No data is available for Psammopolia insolens, P. sala, or P. ochracea. The illustrated species show a member of each species-group and are scaled to the same size. The Lasionycta leucocycla species-group is shown in Fig. 248." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769245/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 247</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>