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treatments-xml/data/03/F4/8A/03F48A48FF985D47FF2DFB02DFD73783.xml
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<document id="923C0C66FBBF3A61620EC1B14AD62F50" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.200377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f835bed3-25a0-4d43-bcc9-ecf7cd94dea4" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="200377" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459808739264" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alderslade, Philip &amp; S, Catherine" docDate="2007" docId="03F48A48FF985D47FF2DFB02DFD73783" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01400p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1400" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Knopia octocontacanalis Alderslade &amp; S, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FFCDF230FF905D48FFBAFFE5DD7F3539" masterDocTitle="Pinnule­less polyps: a new genus and new species of Indo­Pacific Clavulariidae and validation of the soft coral genus Acrossota and the family Acrossotidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698220766195" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1BABEE81CF5B65D419F9D8909D02E66C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4C29AA90ECAFA5777552737F36D0A9AC">
<mods:title id="B67DCE2FA157179CE0AEE964893A6218">Pinnule­less polyps: a new genus and new species of Indo­Pacific Clavulariidae and validation of the soft coral genus Acrossota and the family Acrossotidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3177EFC62F9E0D3B1EBACA6DE2476C28" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B737F17959716A6FB20FBFEB714B9003">
<mods:roleTerm id="79285B6B06EBEB7D866649BF366CB8E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="235ADCE1D59E6543A36B9012132DCEC8">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4313A42C190D522900ACE446611EB346" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A5A5A54DB7FD3EFD475638534AE589B8">
<mods:roleTerm id="4DF017C55D7EF55D6BBFC801A3391FD6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="50296C0CA7E5938C8DFA6BB61C92831B">S, Catherine</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7CB0B98B5B181BD97DE590C0939A8D29">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="442D2E291ED767F594789F5995AB779B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A82B58BCFCEBD6DE5143AACB6BDA5620">
<mods:title id="5CE83FF4A66E7E3F505CA474BA6FABCB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7A23178E82832267BA3AEE8D33B62EEB">
<mods:date id="3A0B0DDEAC42BA3C442917EEF48F34DE">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4E9E1C0C50A5CEC93562BE45E0332DAF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4725FB8C50BB9845A9F51068B8040D76">1400</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="588D63A9A77A54BE7A082EBABB6F7FC5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9CD57A35D5DCF6C7C11CB3D65322479C">27</mods:start>
<mods:end id="86CDF2A58339F4C5FE5403F0AA2F3CAB">44</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="D8D7AF4492FEB3C62C059D991ED6ECE0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E678D82C2C37C2FAF9F18AE52413078D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.200377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="49D9443B9284DF3A8AFE3E19841F5D95" type="GBIF-Dataset">f835bed3-25a0-4d43-bcc9-ecf7cd94dea4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7F8DC03C3B78803CB4549953F38D707B" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0C3638DE3E7D834FC1269CEB8BB64038" type="Zenodo-Dep">200377</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F48A48FF985D47FF2DFB02DFD73783" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6249867" ID-GBIF-Taxon="126098707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6249867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F48A48FF985D47FF2DFB02DFD73783" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F48A48FF985D47FF2DFB02DFD73783" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF985D40FF2DFB02DFA9303B" box="[151,726,1255,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D40FF2DFB02DFA9303B" blockId="8.[151,726,1255,1282]" box="[151,726,1255,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFB02DFB33038" bold="true" box="[151,716,1255,1281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF985D40FF2DFB02DCBE3038" ID-CoL="6NLTQ" box="[151,449,1255,1281]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFB02DCBE3038" bold="true" box="[151,449,1255,1281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF985D40FE72FB02DF743038" box="[456,523,1255,1281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF985D40FDA0FB02DFFB3038" box="[538,644,1255,1281]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,255,963,987]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1322,207,939]" captionTargetBox-2="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[265,1322,194,939]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
, 9, 10
</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF985D40FF2DFADDDF8530B6" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D40FF2DFADDDCAA3056" blockId="8.[151,762,1336,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D1C70FF985D40FF2DFADDDCAA3056" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF985D40FF19FADDDC723076" ID-CoL="84L5W" box="[163,269,1336,1359]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acrossotidae" genus="Acrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF19FADDDC723076" box="[163,269,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Acrossota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.?” Sprung &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1D4FFF985D40FE05FADDDFF23076" author="Delbeek" box="[447,653,1336,1359]" page="172" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC46AFFF985D40FE05FADDDF283076" author="Delbeek" box="[447,599,1336,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Sprung. J. &amp; Delbeek, J. C. (1997) The Reef Aquarium: A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification and Care of Tropical Marine Invertebrates, 2, Ricordea Publishing, Inc., Florida, i-xiv + 1 - 546 pp." type="journal article" year="1997">Delbeek 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF985D40FF2DFABDDCAF3056" ID-CoL="84L5W" authority="Sprung 1999: 149" authorityName="Sprung" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,464,1368,1391]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acrossotidae" genus="Acrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFABDDC7E3056" box="[151,257,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Acrossota</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1D4FFF985D40FEB4FABDDCAF3056" author="Sprung" box="[270,464,1368,1391]" page="149" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC46AFFF985D40FEB4FABDDCE43056" author="Sprung" box="[270,411,1368,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Sprung, J. (1999) Corals: A Quick Reference Guide. Ricordea Publishing, Inc., Florida, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">Sprung 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 149
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D40FF2DFA9DDF8530B6" blockId="8.[151,762,1336,1423]" box="[151,762,1400,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D1C70FF985D40FF2DFA9DDF8530B6" box="[151,762,1400,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF985D40FF2DFA9DDC7430B6" ID-CoL="84MF5" box="[151,267,1400,1423]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Clavularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFA9DDC7430B6" box="[151,267,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Clavularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1D4FFF985D40FE8CFA9DDF3730B6" author="Erhardt" box="[310,584,1400,1423]" page="68" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC46AFFF985D40FE8CFA9DDF5C30B6" author="Erhardt" box="[310,547,1400,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" refString="Erhardt, H. &amp; Knop, D. (2005) Corals: Indo-Pacific Field Guide. IKAN - Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, 305 pp." type="book" year="2005">Erhardt &amp; Knop 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
(bottom figure).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF985D40FF2DFA5ADDA632AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D40FF2DFA5ADE40333B" blockId="8.[151,1441,1471,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFA5ADCF630E0" bold="true" box="[151,393,1471,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF2DFA5ADC0030E0" bold="true" box="[151,383,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FE2EFA25DF7530E0" box="[404,522,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF985D40FE2EFA25DF7C30E0" box="[404,515,1472,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FDAEFA25DF2A30E3" box="[532,597,1472,1498]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C13568, Kapikan, Semporna Islands, Sabah,
<collectingCountry id="F34A7BCEFF985D40FB3DFA25D98930E3" box="[1159,1270,1472,1498]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FABFFA25D8E530E3" box="[1285,1434,1472,1498]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="4.647383">04º38.843'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FF2DFA0DDC42333B" box="[151,317,1512,1538]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="118.830215">118º49.813' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FE28FA0DDC83333B" box="[402,508,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
, F. Dipper,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FD3EFA0DDE44333B" box="[644,827,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2000-03-28">28 March 2000</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D40FF7CF9F5DDA632AB" blockId="8.[151,1441,1471,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF7CF9F5DC373310" box="[198,328,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF985D40FF7CF9F5DC3F3310" box="[198,320,1552,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FEF4F9F5DCF03313" box="[334,399,1552,1578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C13563, Kapikan, Semporna Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FCEDF9F5DE873313" box="[855,1016,1552,1578]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="4.6299">04º37.794’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FBBFF9F5D9D33313" box="[1029,1196,1552,1578]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="118.83475">118º50.085' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FABBF9F5D8403313" box="[1281,1343,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
, F. Dipper,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FF71F9DDDCF9336B" box="[203,390,1592,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="1999-10-06">6 October 1999</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FE29F9DDDCAB336B" box="[403,468,1592,1618]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C13566, Pelu Beach, Boheydulang, Semporna Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FBD6F9DDD877336B" box="[1132,1288,1592,1618]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="4.603833">04º36.230' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FAAFF9DDDDD33343" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="118.7935">118º47.610' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FEBBF985DC3F3343" box="[257,320,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="28.0">28 m</quantity>
, F. Dipper,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FE73F985DF1C3343" box="[457,611,1632,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2000-04-08">8 April 2000</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FDCAF985DFCE3343" box="[624,689,1632,1658]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C13567, Kapikan, Semporna Islands, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FB78F985D8603343" box="[1218,1311,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 m</quantity>
, F. Dipper,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FF2DF96DDC3D339B" box="[151,322,1672,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="1999-04-30">30 April 1999</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FEEAF96DDCEE339B" box="[336,401,1672,1698]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15381, Kapikan, Semporna Islands,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FCDAF96DD97F339B" box="[864,1024,1672,1698]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="4.647383">04°38.843' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FBB1F96DD9CA339B" box="[1035,1205,1672,1698]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="118.830215">118°49.813' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FAB7F96DD807339B" box="[1293,1400,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
, F. Dipper,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FF42F955DCCD33F3" box="[248,434,1712,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2000-03-28">28 March 2000</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FE7AF955DF7E33F3" box="[448,513,1712,1738]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15382, Biaro,
<collectingCountry id="F34A7BCEFF985D40FD73F955DE4133F3" box="[713,830,1712,1738]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FCF6F955DEA433F3" box="[844,987,1712,1738]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="9" value="2.1413333">02º08.48' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FC53F955D9FD33F3" box="[1001,1154,1712,1738]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="9" value="125.3525">125º21.15' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FB61F955D87233F3" box="[1243,1293,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
, Coral Reef Research Foundation (
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FE1DF93DDC8733CB" box="[423,504,1752,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">CRRF</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FDAAF93DDFC733CB" box="[528,696,1752,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="1993-05-23">23 May 1993</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FD72F93DDE7633CB" box="[712,777,1752,1778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15383–15387,
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FC67F93DD96133CB" box="[989,1054,1752,1778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15392–15394, Kotok,
<collectingCountry id="F34A7BCEFF985D40FAF7F93DD8E733CB" box="[1357,1432,1752,1778]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Island</collectingCountry>
, Thousand Islands, Kotok Is.,
<collectingCountry id="F34A7BCEFF985D40FE47F8E5DF0D3223" box="[509,626,1792,1818]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FD38F8E5DE7F3223" box="[642,768,1792,1818]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="9" value="-5.7128334">5°42.77' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695D99FF985D40FCABF8E5DEC23223" box="[785,957,1792,1818]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" precision="1" value="106.56125">106°33.675' E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF985D40FBA3F8E5D9F73223" box="[1049,1160,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="15.0">15–22 m</quantity>
, Daniel Knop,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FAF9F8E5DDAA327B" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2002-07-16">16 July 2002</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FF58F8CDDC5C327B" box="[226,291,1832,1858]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15388–15391,
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FE55F8CDDF4F327B" box="[495,560,1832,1858]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15395, same data but
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FCF5F8CDD948327B" box="[847,1079,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2002-09-24">24 September 2002</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FBFEF8CDD9FA327B" box="[1092,1157,1832,1858]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15396, same data but
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FF2DF8B5DC263253" box="[151,345,1872,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2004-12">December 2004</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4CA39BFF985D40FED3F8B5DCD53253" box="[361,426,1872,1898]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jg13-7fbc" name="Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">NTM</collectionCode>
C15398, probably
<collectingCountry id="F34A7BCEFF985D40FD22F8B5DE723253" box="[664,781,1872,1898]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, purchased from a dealer by Daniel Knop,
<date id="FFE31D9EFF985D40FA99F8B5DDAA32AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" value="2004-12">December 2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF985D47FF7CF87ADFD734CB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF985D41FF7CF87ADCA6358B" blockId="8.[151,1441,1471,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF985D40FF7CF87ADC1E3280" bold="true" box="[198,353,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Description:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF985D40FE25F845DF7A3283" box="[415,517,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is fragmented owing to the process of removal of the colony from the reef. It consists of several groups of polyps attached by stolons to pieces of hard, coral reef­derived substratum and a portion of sponge (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF995D41FECFFF7DDCCB358B" box="[373,436,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Fig 5</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF995D41FF7CFF25DE6A3443" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
The sclerite­free polyp bodies are inflated to various degrees and most are transparent and acorn­shaped, e.g.
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FF72FF0DDC5D343B" box="[200,290,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FE2FFF0DDC90343B" box="[405,495,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Taller polyps are narrower, e.g.
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FC40FF0DD92B343B" box="[1018,1108,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
x
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FBCAFF0DD9B5343B" box="[1136,1226,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FAB8FF0DD824343B" box="[1282,1371,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
x
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FAC2FF0DDDBA3413" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
and can be up to c.
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF995D41FE13FEF5DC853413" box="[425,506,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long. The polyp bodies are covered by a thin cuticle that is continuous with that covering the basal colonial stolons. In general, the greater the extent of inflation the more transparent is the polyp body wall. Small, contracted polyps are opaque.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF995D41FF2DF881DF4732A7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF995D41FF2DF881DF4732A7" blockId="9.[151,1435,1892,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF995D41FF2DF881DC653245" bold="true" box="[151,282,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF995D41FE9BF880DF523245" box="[289,557,1893,1916]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF995D41FE9BF880DF523245" box="[289,557,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF995D41FD8EF881DFFF3245" bold="true" box="[564,640,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF995D41FD8EF881DFFF3245" box="[564,640,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF995D41FD34F881DFB53245" bold="true" box="[654,714,1892,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">n. sp.</emphasis>
, holotype: A, fragmented colony; B–D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF9A5D42FF2DFC26DC7736C4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[265,1322,207,939]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9A5D42FF2DFC26DC7736C4" blockId="10.[151,1435,963,1021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9A5D42FF2DFC26DC6536E2" bold="true" box="[151,282,963,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9A5D42FE98FC26DF5036E3" box="[290,559,963,986]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9A5D42FE98FC26DF5036E3" box="[290,559,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9A5D42FD8CFC26DFFC36E2" bold="true" box="[566,643,963,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF9A5D42FD8CFC26DFFC36E2" box="[566,643,963,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9A5D42FD2BFC26DFB136E2" bold="true" box="[657,718,963,987]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">n. sp.</emphasis>
, sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9A5D42FF7CFBD4DE5F3002" blockId="10.[151,1438,1073,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
Many of the polyps have the tentacles partially exposed (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FCCEFBD4DEC33172" box="[884,956,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C, D), and in a few they are completely exposed (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FEBDFBBCDC31314A" box="[263,334,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). Some of the latter are sufficiently expanded to reveal that the polyps have an introvertible neck zone, which, although only
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9A5D42FD98FB64DFFA31A2" box="[546,645,1153,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long in the preserved material (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FBB8FB64D93631A2" box="[1026,1097,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B), can be quite extensive in life (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FF6AFB4CDC5831FA" box="[208,295,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,314,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1322,314,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp.: A, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; B, polyps of Briareum cf. stechei, note very small pinnules; C, holotype tentacular sclerites in situ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200387/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). The mesenterial insertions into the wall of the introvert can be seen as distinct longitudinal lines (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FF64FB34DC5B31D2" box="[222,292,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). When the neck region is invaginated, it is visible through the body wall as a pale cylinder that may hold part or all the tentacles packed longitudinally in a bundle (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FC0DFB1CDE88302A" box="[951,1015,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig 5</figureCitation>
D). The mesenteries are also clearly visible through the body wall of most polyps (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FD0EFAC4DF853002" box="[692,762,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9A5D42FF7CFAACDCCD339A" blockId="10.[151,1438,1073,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
The polyps arise from reticulate stolons adherent to fragments of reef substratum, but the polyp density obscures much of the network. Most of the stolons are flattened and the narrowest are about
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9A5D42FB54FA94D83530B2" box="[1262,1354,1393,1419]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
broad. Other portions of the network are 2–3 time as wide, especially where several branches of the network anastomose, but no large membranous expansions are present.
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FCF1FA24DECE30E2" box="[843,945,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Figure 7</figureCitation>
A shows a similar stolonal network in a
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9A5D42FF2DFA0CDC7F333A" box="[151,256,1513,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Not all of the
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9A5D42FE09FA0CDF65333A" box="[435,538,1513,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
stolons are fully attached to the substratum. Some arch across the rock and they also cross or lie upon other stolons without anastomosing. The terminal shoots of the stolonal network are cylindrical. They are about
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9A5D42FDAAF9DCDF13336A" box="[528,620,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
in diameter and commonly project free of the surface. Their cuticle seems to be thicker than the stolons of the established network, and all but the smooth rounded tip is noticeably wrinkled (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FEF3F96CDCF0339A" box="[329,399,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,434,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[265,1322,434,1868]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., holotype: A, fragmented colony; B – D, whole or partial polyps; E, stolonic outgrowth laying over sponge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9A5D43FF7CF954DF5F3413" blockId="10.[151,1438,1073,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1438,152,298]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
The preserved tentacles are each shaped like a long, narrow, tongue (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FBB0F954D92633F2" box="[1034,1113,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Figs 7</figureCitation>
B,C). The lateral edges are often more or less parallel, and the tip is usually rounded although the distal part of the tentacle may taper. In life, the tentacles are narrowly elliptical (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FDC0F8E4DFBF3222" box="[634,704,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,194,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[265,1321,194,1629]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype in life; B­C, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; D, same material as B­C under UV light." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200386/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). The margins of the tentacle are very broad and are divided into a series of finger­like caeca, as if a single row of closely appressed pinnules had become fused side­toside along the length of the tentacle. This is easily seen in the decalcified tentacle shown in
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FB57F8B4D82E3252" box="[1261,1361,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Figure 7</figureCitation>
C (the gaps along the left­hand margin of this tentacle are tears). In the preserved specimens, the end of a pseudopinnule may bulge very slightly, but in most cases this is not obvious. As shown in
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9A5D42FBEFF844D9BA3282" box="[1109,1221,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,194,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[265,1321,194,1629]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype in life; B­C, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; D, same material as B­C under UV light." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200386/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Figures 9</figureCitation>
B,C, it is not even obvious in live colonies where the hydrostatic pressure within the tentacle would be expected to distend the tissue. In this figure it is also possible to see that the margins of pseudopinnules do not extend over the total length of the tentacle, but the proximal portion, just before the tentacle meets the oral region, remains free. The inflated rachis of the tentacle can also be seen to be narrower in this region — a feature that is quite marked in the preserved material.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF9B5D43FF2DF8E5DC3B3264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9B5D43FF2DF8E5DC3B3264" blockId="11.[151,1437,1792,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9B5D43FF2DF8E5DC673221" bold="true" box="[151,280,1792,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9B5D43FEA5F8E4DF553221" box="[287,554,1793,1816]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9B5D43FEA5F8E4DF553221" box="[287,554,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9B5D43FD8AF8E5DF043221" bold="true" box="[560,635,1792,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF9B5D43FD8AF8E5DF043221" box="[560,635,1792,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9B5D43FD32F8E5DFBC3221" bold="true" box="[648,707,1792,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">n. sp.</emphasis>
A, paratype NTM C15391. B–E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9B5D44FF7CF86EDE5E346B" blockId="11.[151,1434,1931,2037]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1439,152,458]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
The pseudopinnule caeca are confluent with the longitudinal lumen of the tentacle rachis and are full of zooxanthellae. The rachis is also packed with zooxanthellae, but in preserved material there is a free space in the centre running the length of the tentacle, as can be seen in the transverse cross section in
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9B5D43FB6BF83ED84D32CC" box="[1233,1330,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Figure 7</figureCitation>
Da. The other two transverse sections in this figure (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9C5D44FD2CFF7DDFA4358B" box="[662,731,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
Db,c) are from a
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9C5D44FC1EFF7DD976358B" box="[932,1033,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
that was fixed in formalin prior to being preserved in ethanol, and clearly show that tentacle shrinkage in the ethanol­fixed
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9C5D44FB7DFF25D85135E3" box="[1223,1326,192,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has condensed the zooxanthellae into a smaller area and reduced the amount of free space within the tentacle. A longitudinal section through the blade of a tentacle from this
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9C5D44FC19FEF5D9773413" box="[931,1032,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
shows that the interior of the pseudopinnules is packed with zooxanthellae (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9C5D44FD02FEDDDF80346B" box="[696,767,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9C5D44FF7CFE85DE4134F3" blockId="12.[151,1439,152,458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
In the
<typeStatus id="54E685FCFF9C5D44FEABFE85DC043443" box="[273,379,352,378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the tentacles are up to c.
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9C5D44FD1DFE85DE7E3443" box="[679,769,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
in length. There are about 70–80 pseudopinnules in each tentacle margin. Most of these are
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9C5D44FD93FE6DDFAB349B" box="[553,724,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.32" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.34 mm</quantity>
long but they can be as long as
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9C5D44FBFCFE6DD9CD349B" box="[1094,1202,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
. The polyp mouth is slit­like and sits at the apex of a dome­shaped hypostome.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF9C5D44FF2DF850D9C532F5" box="[151,1210,1973,1997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200385/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[280,1306,514,1948]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9C5D44FF2DF850D9C532F5" blockId="12.[151,1210,1973,1997]" box="[151,1210,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9C5D44FF2DF850DC6532F4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9C5D44FE9AF850DF4832F5" box="[288,567,1973,1996]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acrossotidae" genus="Acrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amboinensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9C5D44FE9AF850DCF532F5" box="[288,394,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Acrossota</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9C5D44FE08F850DF4832F5" box="[434,567,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9C5D44FD84F850DFE032F4" bold="true" box="[574,671,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF9C5D44FD84F850DFE032F4" box="[574,671,1973,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: A, NTM C15379 in life; B, NTM C13626 in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF9D5D45FF2DF990DF883396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200386/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[265,1321,194,1628]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9D5D45FF2DF990DF883396" blockId="13.[151,1436,1653,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9D5D45FF2DF990DC6433B4" bold="true" box="[151,283,1653,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9D5D45FE99F990DF5033B5" box="[291,559,1653,1676]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9D5D45FE99F990DF5033B5" box="[291,559,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9D5D45FD82F990DFFA33B4" bold="true" box="[568,645,1653,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF9D5D45FD82F990DFFA33B4" box="[568,645,1653,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9D5D45FD2EF990DFAE33B4" bold="true" box="[660,721,1653,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">n. sp.</emphasis>
: A, holotype in life; B­C, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; D, same material as B­C under UV light.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9D5D46FF7CF907DF10343B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1762,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,258]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
The upper part of the introvert (sometimes all of it), the tentacles, and all but the summit of the oral hypostome are densely covered in minute sclerites which give a pale, pinkish­white sheen. Highly magnified under a dissecting microscope, the sclerites appear opalescent with flecks of red, blue, and green. The sclerites on the tentacles are arranged in rows; longitudinally on the rachis (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9D5D45FC35F8BFDE9A324D" box="[911,997,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[264,1321,314,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1322,314,1757]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp.: A, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; B, polyps of Briareum cf. stechei, note very small pinnules; C, holotype tentacular sclerites in situ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200387/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C) and at right angles to these on the surface of the pseudopinnules. There are also sclerites in the dividing walls between the pseudopinnules (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9D5D45FAD7F867DDD832FD" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,338,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[265,1322,334,1768]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp. A, paratype NTM C 15391. B – E, holotype: B, preserved tentacle; C, decalcified tentacle; D, transverse cross­sections of tentacles; E, longitudinal cross­section of tentacle through pseudopinnules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200384/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). The majority of the sclerites are very small corpuscle­like platelets with a circular, oval, peanut­, or kidney­shaped outline (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9D5D45FE28F837DCA032D5" box="[402,479,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,207,939]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1322,194,939]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A); those shaped like
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9D5D45FD43F837DE4432D5" box="[761,827,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,207,939]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1322,194,939]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig 6</figureCitation>
Aa are actually platelets seen edge­on. Scattered amongst the platelets are a few small scale­like sclerites (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9E5D46FC8BFF7DDE0F358B" box="[817,880,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,207,939]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1322,194,939]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Fig 6</figureCitation>
B). Polyp sclerites mostly measure
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9E5D46FAB1FF7DDDBA35E3" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0999999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.018" valueMax="0.025" valueMin="0.011">0.011–0.025 mm</quantity>
along the greatest diameter, and the platelets are constructed from sinuous, dendritic, calcite rods that are more or less radially arranged (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9E5D46FDBEFF0DDF33343B" box="[516,588,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,963,987]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,207,939]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1322,194,939]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp., sclerites of the holotype: A­B, light micrographs; C, electronmicrographs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200383/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF226BD6FF9E5D46FF2DF910D90D3216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200387/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[264,1321,314,1757]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9E5D46FF2DF910D90D3216" blockId="14.[151,1436,1781,1839]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FF2DF910DC593234" bold="true" box="[151,294,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9E5D46FE96F913DF483234" box="[300,567,1782,1805]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FE96F913DF483234" box="[300,567,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FD84F910DFF63234" bold="true" box="[574,649,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5A37FF9E5D46FD84F910DFF63234" box="[574,649,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FD2CF910DFAD3234" bold="true" box="[662,722,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">n. sp.</emphasis>
: A, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; B, polyps of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9E5D46FF65F8FDDCC83216" box="[223,439,1816,1839]" class="Anthozoa" family="Briareidae" genus="Briareum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stechei">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FF65F8FDDC3B3216" box="[223,324,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Briareum</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FED7F8FDDCC83216" box="[365,439,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">stechei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, note very small pinnules; C, holotype tentacular sclerites
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FB93F8FDD9153216" box="[1065,1130,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">in situ</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9E5D46FF7CF887DF41329C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1890,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9E5D46FF7CF887DC293245" bold="true" box="[198,342,1890,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Variability:</emphasis>
Polyp density is variable, as are the density and broadness of the stolons, as can be seen in Figure 7A of sample NTM C15391.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9E5D46FF7CF856DC9832CC" blockId="14.[151,1437,1890,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">The number of pseudopinnules in the largest polyps in a colony does not vary greatly, with counts of about 65–75 being common.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9F5D47FF7CFF7DDFB0346B" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">The distribution of the sclerites is quite variable as is the colour. In several specimens, all or most polyps have very few sclerites. In those with few sclerites, they are predominantly present in the tentacle rachis; the pseudopinnules in some specimens can be almost sclerite­free. Besides the colours described above, sclerites can also appear to refract mainly green or gold, commonly with some red. In a number of specimens the sclerite­free hypostome retains its live yellow colour.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9F5D47FF7CFE85DFD734CB" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">
Because polyp size can be influenced by so many factors, measurements of polyps in taxa like this are not a reliable species character unless the differences are dramatic. Expanded polyps and tightly contracted ones are generally of similar size in all colonies to hand. The longest expanded polyp has a body length of
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9F5D47FA8FFE55D8E234F3" box="[1333,1437,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
and tentacle length of
<quantity id="4CA596BBFF9F5D47FE26FE3DDC9F34CB" box="[412,480,472,498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
(NTM C15398).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF9F5D47FF7CFE1ADE9F377B" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9F5D47FF7CFE1ADE9F377B" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9F5D47FF7CFE1ADC283720" bold="true" box="[198,343,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">Etymology:</emphasis>
“Eighty­piped”. There are up to 80 pseudopinnules along each margin of a tentacle;
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9F5D47FADAFDE5DDA73778" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">octoconta</emphasis>
(Greek transliteration for 80) and
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9F5D47FDD6FDCDDFBE3778" box="[620,705,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">canalis</emphasis>
(Latin for a water pipe).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34768D5FF9F5D47FF7CFDAADFD73783" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE23B5EFF9F5D47FF7CFDAADFD73783" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9F5D47FF7CFDAADC3D3750" bold="true" box="[198,322,591,617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">Remarks:</emphasis>
Daniel Knop has documented the pattern of fluorescence of the polyps of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9F5D47FB05FDB5DD9337A8" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Knopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octocontacanalis">
<emphasis id="B929E74CFF9F5D47FB05FDB5DD9337A8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">Knopia octocontacanalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under ultraviolet light (
<figureCitation id="136627DBFF9F5D47FDB7FD9DDF2837AB" box="[525,599,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[265,1321,194,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[265,1321,194,1629]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Knopia octocontacanalis n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype in life; B­C, live polyps co­collected with paratypes from Kotok Is.; D, same material as B­C under UV light." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200386/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="42">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D). He claims (pers. com.) that this pattern is the same for species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D40DDFF9F5D47FF2DFD45DC5A3783" box="[151,293,672,698]" class="Anthozoa" family="Tubiporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Tubiporidae</taxonomicName>
with the same tentacle structure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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