treatments-xml/data/AD/7C/87/AD7C879B1C0DFFAE5CD8FE22FE15FC61.xml
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<mods:title id="02EDE80F495C83DFB7955E8504C64820">On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75DBBC41885F22DF55F5318B66C6E926">Kojima, Jun-Ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0F0D72F375C0199AF3A1B74818C223F">Saito, Fuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD178E5AC329F27488B2A43335B89978">Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="256A368D1C0DFFAE5CD8FE22FC21FE6E" blockId="12.[151,907,403,430]" box="[151,907,403,430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="7E2281E11C0DFFAE5CD8FE22FC21FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,907,403,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0DFFAE5CD8FE22FEEBFE6D" box="[151,321,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrans">
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0DFFAE5CD8FE22FEEBFE6D" bold="true" box="[151,321,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">Vespa nigrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
du
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5D3FFE25FDB1FE6E" author="Buysson" box="[368,539,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Buysson, R. du (1903) Note pour servir a l'histoire des Strepsipteres. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 1903, 174 - 175." type="journal article" year="1903">Buysson 1903</bibRefCitation>
[
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0DFFAE5E64FE22FC2EFE6E" authority="Fabricius 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[555,900,403,430]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0DFFAE5E64FE22FD6BFE6D" bold="true" box="[555,705,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">Vespa analis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5E86FE25FC2EFE6E" author="Fabricius" box="[713,900,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Fabricius, J. C. F. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus, Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae, [32] + 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius 1775</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0DFFAE5CD8FE6CFDD6FCF5" blockId="12.[151,1436,474,930]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5CD8FE6CFEF4FE31" author="Sonan" box="[151,350,474,498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Sonan, J. (1929) On Ve sp a from Formosa (1). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 19, 136 - 149, pl. 6. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1929">Sonan (1929: 141)</bibRefCitation>
listed the following specimens:
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5EF8FE6CFCA1FE31" box="[695,779,474,498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5F70FE6CFC06FE31" box="[831,940,474,498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
, Arisan,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5845FE6CFB3DFE31" box="[1034,1175,474,498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1918-10-02" valueMax="1918-10-23" valueMin="1918-10-02">223.X.1918</date>
(J. Sonan, M. Yoshino);
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5CD8FE48FEA2FDD5" box="[151,264,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
, Horisha,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5D31FE48FDA0FDD5" box="[382,522,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1918-05" valueMax="1918-08-31" valueMin="1918-05-00">VVIII.1918</date>
(H. Kawamura);
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5E9BFE48FC90FDD5" box="[724,826,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
, Karenkô,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5FF9FE48FB23FDD5" box="[950,1161,510,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1919-07-20" valueMax="1919-08-04" valueMin="1919-07-20">20.VII4.VIII.1919</date>
(T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino);
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5DC5FD94FE4BFDF9" box="[394,481,546,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
, Musha,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5E0DFD94FD55FDF9" box="[578,767,546,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1919-05-18" valueMax="1919-06-15" valueMin="1919-05-18">18.V15.VI.1919</date>
(T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino);
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE58B9FD94FAFDFDF9" box="[1270,1367,546,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
, Shinchiku,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5CABFDF0FE28FD9D" box="[228,386,582,606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1918-07-01" valueMax="1918-07-20" valueMin="1918-07-01">120.VII.1918</date>
(J. Sonan, K. Miyake); 2 queens and
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5F79FDF0FC1FFD9D" box="[822,949,582,606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="worker">31 workers</specimenCount>
, Taihoku,
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5863FDF0FB1AFD9D" box="[1068,1200,582,606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1925-07-21">21.VII.1925</date>
(J. Sonan);
<specimenCount id="33D3FD041C0DFFAE5972FDF0FA32FD9D" box="[1341,1432,582,606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
, Yûsho (near Piyanan-anbu) (
<quantity id="E22D9B681C0DFFAE5D9AFDDCFD80FD41" box="[469,554,618,642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 ft</quantity>
),
<date id="516B104D1C0DFFAE5E70FDDCFD06FD41" box="[575,684,618,642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" value="1928-11-03">3.XI.1928</date>
(J. Sonan). We did not examine these specimens, but judging from Sonan's description of body size and marking pattern his specimens could all belong to
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0DFFAE582AFD26FB69FD65" box="[1125,1219,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0DFFAE582AFD26FB69FD65" box="[1125,1219,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">V. analis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE589CFD38FAC2FD65" author="Sonan" box="[1235,1384,654,678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Sonan, J. (1929) On Ve sp a from Formosa (1). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 19, 136 - 149, pl. 6. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1929">Sonan (1929)</bibRefCitation>
also referred to the median tooth in the apical emargination of female clypeus, the most pronounced characteristic of
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0DFFAE5912FD02FF72FD2D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">
Ves pa
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0DFFAE5CD8FD60FF72FD2D" box="[151,216,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">analis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; but it is notable that Sonan mentioned that some specimens lacked this tooth [it was possibly rudimentary but not completely disappeared]. The size of the median tooth is known to be variable (
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5FA1FD4CFB3BFCD1" author="Bequaert" box="[1006,1169,762,786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Bequaert, J. (1939) The Oriental Vespa analis Fabricius and its color forms, with a note on the synonymy of Vespa esakii Sonan and Vespa formosana Sonan. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 65, 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1939">Bequaert 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 37; van der
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5954FD4CFA33FCD1" author="Vecht" box="[1307,1433,762,786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1957) The Vespinae of the Indo-Malayan and Papuan areas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 34, 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1957">Vecht 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 4), occasionally even “small or rudimentary.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0DFFAE5C8AFCF4FE15FC61" blockId="12.[151,1436,474,930]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0DFFAE5C8AFCF4FE67FC99" author="Starr" box="[197,461,834,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, (3), 93 - 138." type="journal article" year="1992">Starr (1992: 103, fig. 16)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0DFFAE5E37FCF2FD79FC98" box="[632,723,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0DFFAE5E37FCF2FD79FC98" box="[632,723,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">V. analis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“is known only from a few medium-elevation localities in the central part of the island [=
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0DFFAE5DD9FCD0FE44FCBD" box="[406,494,870,894]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="54">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
]”, but among the localities recorded by Sonan, “Karenkô”, “Shinchiku” and “Taihoku” are low-elevation localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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