352 lines
38 KiB
XML
352 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="BA9F523F1C4D05B96DB7D3367D57069B" ID-CLB-Dataset="46640" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.201805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9385d5f-2207-403f-b7e9-4bd5440581be" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="201805" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460371039977" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kojima, Jun-Ichi, Saito, Fuki & Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong" docDate="2011" docId="AD7C879B1C0BFFA95CD8FED9FA37FE0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02920p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2920" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parapolybia takasagona Sonan 1944" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="5145FFE31C01FFA25C4FFFB6FFAAFFC3" masterDocTitle="On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="42" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698295718567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="40862C99FB3ACD1946D190249310A8F1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="27FDDA271109ED4851090417B50FD1EE">
|
||
<mods:title id="CB4033382EDAF2A225BF1C16876EC971">On the species-group taxa of Taiwanese social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) described and / or treated by J. Sonan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="091409670C8EB08D16A3D3E38475C777" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E2BEC86518BDA9963D0466D5BDED3F5C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C0CC1EE4CCDD41684B938C1DEB42D49D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8B3D0937D4B729773ED1DF1B9C435612">Kojima, Jun-Ichi</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FAF577835395F38095AD38C3D78BFAF1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AB8D7183B4DC3746B0F9AB3F82E4830C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7DD70A40C0EE432655C50539B319CA17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CCB5AE3E228FE17013CB3E8C6820D3F3">Saito, Fuki</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CF1F5707242656977E6FF44049835644" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4366F70F2F8F5EAABC052612AE7149D2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2920015386679AA9EC5EBBEC9BF11C6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E0444839BBF590A94CD7F6056AFEB278">Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7D638F92B5201BD5CD56CEA077A0851A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="840415BB5620EBC4FF048094914DD0F4" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8190084890CA7CABE2ACDA0FE40BF6C7">
|
||
<mods:title id="345B50B739A3C4732206BF50B934E63D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="03A76600E52EAAA4AC5F453DBDD2A90D">
|
||
<mods:date id="8EC2D823121443BA8459181073F1EAF5">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="028E1AF21014B25CC9C776881355A953" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B613ADB766E48372AFCCE65765800B5A">2920</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="47F71D7EFB6D54301CCFEAB417FAC22C" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="17F28821D516937926E8724997233652">42</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="8096365B2FED3A3F7CCE65F9C333365C">64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A7109B7F7BFD68C21077BE15B815D0A3">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0FA98999051AF0CD05ECC8177033807B" type="CLB-Dataset">46640</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="673CB11B41E0F753FE0BD2EF4181DD48" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.201805</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1ADA935933CE021152204C71134F8842" type="GBIF-Dataset">f9385d5f-2207-403f-b7e9-4bd5440581be</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6853E76CD599F817BAAC7688B29F2BEC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8B7011535034D65A28BB3F22DA22FE76" type="Zenodo-Dep">201805</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AD7C879B1C0BFFA95CD8FED9FA37FE0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191363" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119411996" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191363" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD7C879B1C0BFFA95CD8FED9FA37FE0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD7C879B1C0BFFA95CD8FED9FA37FE0C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DCF65061C0BFFA85CD8FED9FDAEFC99" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA85CD8FED9FB82FE4A" blockId="10.[151,1064,367,393]" box="[151,1064,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="7E2281E11C0BFFA85CD8FED9FB82FE4A" bold="true" box="[151,1064,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85CD8FED9FB82FE4A" bold="true" box="[151,1064,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85CD8FED9FDF8FE4A" ID-CoL="4D9G2" authority="Sonan 1944" authorityName="Sonan" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,594,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85CD8FED9FE11FE4A" bold="true" box="[151,443,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85D8DFED9FDF8FE4A" author="Sonan" box="[450,594,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85E2CFED9FB8BFE4A" authority="Sonan 1944" authorityName="Sonan" authorityYear="1944" box="[611,1057,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85E2CFED9FC2CFE4A" bold="true" box="[611,902,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85FC1FED9FB8BFE4A" author="Sonan" box="[910,1057,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA85CD8FE01FC1CFDF9" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Among Sonan's social wasp taxa, this one needs special attention to discuss its taxonomic status. Our conclusion, as outlined below, treating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85D9BFE6DFD46FE30" box="[468,748,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D9BFE6DFD46FE30" box="[468,748,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species is tentative. In order to establish a well corroborated species-level taxonomic system of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85EA0FE48FC61FDD5" box="[751,971,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85EA0FE48FC61FDD5" box="[751,971,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA858DBFDB6FA9EFDD5" box="[1172,1332,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA858DBFDB6FA9EFDD5" box="[1172,1332,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs, further intensive studies that covers various “populations” are required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA85C8AFDF0FDAEFC99" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85C8AFDF0FECBFD9D" author="Sonan" box="[197,353,582,606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized four nominal species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85F5DFDF0FC34FD9D" box="[786,926,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85F5DFDF0FC34FD9D" box="[786,926,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in the territories of the Japanese Empire of that time. They were:
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85E42FDDAFDC8FD40" box="[525,610,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. v a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85E39FDDCFC8EFD41" author="Fabricius" box="[630,804,618,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Fabricius, J. C. F. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum Sistens Eorum Species Nuper Detectas Adiectis Characteribus Genericis, Differentiis Specificis, Emendationibus, Observationibus, Vol. 1. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae, xx + 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which Sonan considered to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85896FDDCFA81FD41" box="[1241,1323,618,642]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and main islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85D43FD39FEE5FD65" box="[268,335,655,678]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85D13FD26FE7BFD65" box="[348,465,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D13FD26FE7BFD65" box="[348,465,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85E49FD39FD02FD65" author="Buysson" box="[518,680,654,679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Buysson, R. du (1913) Sur quelques Vespides (Hym.). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 1913, 296 - 299." type="journal article" year="1913">Buysson 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [currently treated as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85809FD26FB30FD64" box="[1094,1178,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. v a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85943FD38FA3AFD65" author="Vecht" box="[1292,1424,654,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although its taxonomic status needs further careful examination (F. Saito, unpublished)], which Sonan considered to occur in the Korean Peninsular;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85E72FD6EFD0EFD2D" box="[573,676,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85E72FD6EFD0EFD2D" box="[573,676,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de Saussure 1854) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85F8FFD61FBAEFD2D" box="[960,1028,727,750]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85806FD6EFB41FD2D" box="[1097,1259,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85806FD6EFB41FD2D" box="[1097,1259,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA858B0FD60FA36FD2D" author="Sonan" box="[1279,1436,726,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85D46FD4AFE0CFCD0" box="[265,422,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D46FD4AFE0CFCD0" box="[265,422,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85E0EFD4CFD09FCD1" box="[577,675,762,786]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ collected at Tamaru in Rato District, and 6 Ƥ and 6 3
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85965FD4DFA33FCD0" box="[1322,1433,763,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. In TARI, there are the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85DDBFCA8FE5CFCF5" box="[404,502,798,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 6 Ƥ and 5 3
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85EF2FCA9FC86FCF4" box="[701,812,799,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85F78FCA8FC65FCF5" author="Sonan" box="[823,975,798,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned 3 3 from “Kobayashi, Rato”, but one of them was not located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DCF65061C0BFFA95C8AFCD1FA37FE0C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA85C8AFCD1FE6FFAB5" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85C8AFCD1FEDCFCBC" bold="true" box="[197,374,870,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85C8AFCD1FF54FCBC" box="[197,254,871,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85DCBFCD0FE46FCBD" box="[388,492,870,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ: “Tamaru (Rato) /
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85EB7FCD0FC3FFCBD" box="[760,917,870,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-30">30 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
/ Col. J. Sonan”,
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA8583AFCD1FB06FCBC" box="[1141,1196,871,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
label, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA8595FFCD0FA36FCBD" box="[1296,1436,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA8595FFCD0FA36FCBD" box="[1296,1436,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Parapolybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85CE9FC3DFE8DFC60" box="[166,295,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85CE9FC3DFE8DFC60" box="[166,295,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Sonan / Det. J. Sonan” and “78”, is hardly considered to be discolored in contrast to Starr's (1992) and Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D68FC06FEF5FC05" box="[295,351,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
's (1995), and it well matched the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85F8DFC18FBE7FC05" author="Sonan" box="[962,1101,942,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Sonan, J. (1944) On Parapolybia Saussure in Taiwan. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 34, 342 - 345. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1944">Sonan 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The labels of collection data for female
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85D5BFC65FED5FC28" box="[276,383,979,1003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are as follows: 2 Ƥ, “Tabo (Rato) /
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85F52FC64FC18FC29" box="[797,946,978,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-24">24 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
[1 Ƥ:
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85FB0FC64FB3FFC29" box="[1023,1173,978,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-22">22 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
] / Col. J. Sonan”; 1 Ƥ, “Kobayashi / (Rato)
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85D32FC40FDA4FBCD" box="[381,526,1014,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-29">29 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
/ Col. J. Sonan”; 1 Ƥ with “Arisan /
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85FEAFC40FBA3FBCD" box="[933,1033,1014,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1917-05-02">2.V.1917</date>
|
||
/ Col. T. Shiraki”; and 2 Ƥ, “Taiheizan /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85C82FBACFEFEFBF1" box="[205,340,1050,1074]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">FORMOSA</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85D26FBACFE63FBF1" box="[361,457,1050,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1930-07">Jul.1930</date>
|
||
/ S. Minowa”. The two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85F66FBADFC3EFBF0" box="[809,916,1051,1075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from “Tabo” have the occipital carina evanescent ventrally and certainly belong to a species different from that to which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA8586EFB88FB29FB95" box="[1057,1155,1086,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
belongs. One of the two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85CA2FBD5FEF2FBB8" box="[237,344,1123,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from “Taiheizan” has yellow markings brighter and more abundant than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85894FBD4FA97FBB9" box="[1243,1341,1122,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the specimen may possibly belong to a different species. The condition and the label data for the five male
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA8597EFB31FA36FB5C" box="[1329,1436,1159,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are as follows: 3 3 (1 3: second to terminal flagellomeres of the right antenna and fourth to terminal flagellomeres of the left antenna missing; 1 3: metasoma except the first segment, fourth to terminal flagellomeres of the right antenna and fifth to terminal flagellomeres of left antenna, missing [Sonan may have used this male for genital observation]), labeled “Kobayashi / (Rato)
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85ECDFAA0FCBDFAED" box="[642,791,1302,1326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-28">28 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
/ Col. J. Sonan”; 1 3 (third to terminal flagellomeres of both antennae missing), labeled “Taiheizan /
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA85EC0FA8CFC88FA91" box="[655,802,1338,1362]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-26">26 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
/ Col. J. Sonan”; and 1 3 with a label of “Taiheizan /
|
||
<date id="516B104D1C0BFFA859CFFA8CFEACFAB5" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" value="1923-08-25">25 VIII 1923</date>
|
||
/ Col. J. Sonan”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA85C8AFA34FEA0F955" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85C8AFA34FEE7FA59" author="Starr" box="[197,333,1410,1434]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, (3), 93 - 138." type="journal article" year="1992">Starr (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined these
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85E44FA35FD91FA58" box="[523,571,1411,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens in
|
||
<collectionCode id="43C4AE481C0BFFA85E92FA35FCB6FA58" box="[733,796,1411,1435]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">TARI</collectionCode>
|
||
and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA8584FFA32FB37FA58" box="[1024,1181,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA8584FFA32FB37FA58" box="[1024,1181,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a valid species, differing from
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D52FA1EFEDAFA7C" box="[285,368,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. v a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85DCDFA10FD85FA7D" author="Fabricius" box="[386,559,1446,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Fabricius, J. C. F. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum Sistens Eorum Species Nuper Detectas Adiectis Characteribus Genericis, Differentiis Specificis, Emendationibus, Observationibus, Vol. 1. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae, xx + 348 pp." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85EF3FA1EFCF3FA7D" box="[700,857,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85EF3FA1EFCF3FA7D" box="[700,857,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the senior sysnonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA858C7FA1EFB5FFA7D" box="[1160,1269,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA858C7FA1EFB5FFA7D" box="[1160,1269,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA8591AFA10FF78FA21" author="Vecht" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was described based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85E2CFA7CFD6FFA21" box="[611,709,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ collected at Pilam [= Beinan, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40E1504A1C0BFFA8582FFA7CFB6DFA21" box="[1120,1223,1482,1506]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="22.75">22°45' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40E1504A1C0BFFA8589DFA7CFAEEFA21" box="[1234,1348,1482,1506]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="121.01667">121°01' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85920FA7CFF6CF9C5" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85D37FA59FE4EF9C4" box="[376,484,1519,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from four other localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85F68FA58FCD6F9C5" box="[807,892,1518,1542]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85FF8FA59FBA9F9C5" box="[951,1027,1519,1542]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tenasserim),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA858E5FA58FB47F9C5" box="[1194,1261,1518,1542]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fukien),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA8592DFA58FA36F9C5" box="[1378,1436,1518,1542]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Umbaso) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85D73F9A4FE09F9E9" box="[316,419,1554,1578]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85E6EF9A4FD0DF9E9" author="Starr" box="[545,679,1554,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, (3), 93 - 138." type="journal article" year="1992">Starr (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred neither to the conditions of female occipital carinae in
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85923F9A5FA36F9E8" box="[1388,1436,1555,1579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85D7CF98EFE7BF98D" box="[307,465,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D7CF98EFE7BF98D" box="[307,465,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor to that given in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85FA5F98EFBF2F98D" box="[1002,1112,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85FA5F98EFBF2F98D" box="[1002,1112,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That is, the female occpital carina is complete in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85DF3F9ECFDB4F9B1" box="[444,542,1626,1650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85E07F9EAFD4DF9B0" box="[584,743,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85E07F9EAFD4DF9B0" box="[584,743,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while it is obliterated ventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85834F9EAFB40F9B0" box="[1147,1258,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85834F9EAFB40F9B0" box="[1147,1258,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85913F9ECFF79F955" author="Vecht" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="256A368D1C0BFFA95C8AF915FA37FE0C" blockId="10.[151,1437,438,2010]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D68F912FEF0F978" box="[295,346,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995) examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85E13F914FD14F979" box="[604,702,1698,1722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85EA9F912FC2EF978" box="[742,900,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85EA9F912FC2EF978" box="[742,900,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85825F912FAA2F978" box="[1130,1288,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85825F912FAA2F978" box="[1130,1288,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D6CF97EFE2AF91C" box="[291,384,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure 1854) because “The
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85F48F970FCC3F91D" box="[775,873,1734,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen [of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85847F97EFB0EF91D" box="[1032,1188,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85847F97EFB0EF91D" box="[1032,1188,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] has complete occipital carina on gena, which is the most reliable characteristic that constantly separates
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA8580BF95AFB0BF8C0" box="[1092,1185,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
from the other Oriental congeners [
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D74F8A6FE27F8E4" box="[315,397,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. v a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85D88F8A6FD9EF8E5" box="[455,564,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85D88F8A6FD9EF8E5" box="[455,564,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].” Another reason for their synonymy was that “the occurrence of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85951F8A6FAD1F8E4" box="[1310,1403,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85CD8F884FF43F889" box="[151,233,1842,1866]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
has been strongly suggested by a female specimen collected by Dr. Kenji Ohara near Hsitsun, Taoyuan (
|
||
<quantity id="E22D9B681C0BFFA85CD1F8E0FE96F8AD" box="[158,316,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1200 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.) and three female specimens housed in the Department of Zoology,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC2761D1C0BFFA85822F8E0FB15F8AD" box="[1133,1215,1878,1902]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Museum (Taipei).” They also mentioned that “the structural characteristics [of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0BFFA85F24F8CCFC65F851" box="[875,975,1914,1938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0BFFA85FB9F8CAFB3CF850" box="[1014,1174,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85FB9F8CAFB3CF850" box="[1014,1174,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] well agree with those [= structural characteristics of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0BFFA85DBEF816FDE5F874" box="[497,591,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
] mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85F48F828FC34F875" author="Vecht" box="[775,926,1950,1974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.” However, the female structural characteristics that van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0BFFA85D1CF874FE4FF819" author="Vecht" box="[339,485,1986,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned are only “Occipital carina complete, extending to the base of the mandibles. Length (h. + th. + t.1 + 2):
|
||
<quantity id="E22D9B681C0AFFA95E4CFF21FDD5FF6C" box="[515,639,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, rarely only
|
||
<quantity id="E22D9B681C0AFFA95F43FF21FCF7FF6C" box="[780,861,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
” (p. 23). Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95865FF2FFBF1FF73" box="[1066,1115,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995) referred to the color pattern of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6E882F1C0AFFA95D7DFF0AFE3EFF17" box="[306,404,188,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0AFFA95DF6FF0BFDFFFF17" box="[441,597,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95DF6FF0BFDFFFF17" box="[441,597,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that it is “in accordance with that of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95FBDFF0BFBE5FF17" box="[1010,1103,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
”, but they did not mention to which of van der Vecht's (1966) subspecies or forms their “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0AFFA95F02FF57FC18FF3B" box="[845,946,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95F02FF57FC18FF3B" box="[845,946,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” corresponded. Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA9589AFF57FAA3FF3B" box="[1237,1289,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995) also mentioned that “Sonan's description of male antenna undoubtedly shows that the males examined by him are also of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95CFAFE9FFEB9FE83" box="[181,275,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. i n d i c a</emphasis>
|
||
.” This statement might have been made by referring to van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0AFFA95FA8FE91FBD1FEFC" author="Vecht" box="[999,1147,295,319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; but the male characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0AFFA95CAAFEFBFEE2FEA7" box="[229,328,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95CAAFEFBFEE2FEA7" box="[229,328,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given in van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41444B7C1C0AFFA95E5DFEFAFD7BFEA7" author="Vecht" box="[530,721,332,356]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Vecht, J. van der (1966) The East Asiatic and Indo-Australian species of Polybioides Buysson and Parapolybia Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 82, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1966">Vecht (1966: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are only “Antennae long and slender, the third and fourth segments more than six and four times as long as wide, respectively.” Thus Yamane
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95806FEC7FBD7FE4B" box="[1097,1149,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.'s (1995) synonymy was based on poor grounds and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D54D0E1C0AFFA95D99FE22FC91FE6F" authority="Sonan" authorityName="Sonan" box="[470,827,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95D99FE22FD47FE6F" box="[470,749,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">Parapolybia takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
Sonan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be treated as a valid species at least until the concepts of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA95D52FE0FFED1FE13" box="[285,379,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. in di c a</emphasis>
|
||
and nominal species-group taxa that are now treated as subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="17A1EA9F1C0AFFA958C7FE0FFB4DFE13" box="[1160,1255,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="53">P. in di c a</emphasis>
|
||
are established.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |