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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee5a0817-7cfc-4c21-ba7d-3beabb06cccd" ID-PMC="PMC7004242" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-905-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" ID-PubMed="32063726" ID-ZooBank="F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-905-1" checkinTime="1579539902851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="98E2D2C5D4427F780E16AB6C0ED0BF5B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 905: 1-235" docOrigin="ZooKeys 905" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" docTitle="Pheidole binara Salata &amp; Fisher 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C7378E6D-D708-4D9A-B696-18052069BFE1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" masterDocTitle="Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168337901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>905</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>235</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-905-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777024" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7378E6D-D708-4D9A-B696-18052069BFE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98E2D2C5D4427F780E16AB6C0ED0BF5B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C7378E6D-D708-4D9A-B696-18052069BFE1" authority="Salata &amp; Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole binara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binara" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole binara</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 80A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Distribution. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373133" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 86I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •1 major worker; Antsiranana; Binara forest;
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.26388" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.26388">-13.26388</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.60141" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.60141">49.60141</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 500 m; 19 Sep 2013; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; BLF32213, CASENT0353299 (CASC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •1w.; same data as for holotype; CASENT0923182 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Small species: HL: 1.03, HW: 0.97, WL: 0.8; head in full-face view sub-rectangular, anterior of eyes straight, posterior of eyes convex; sides of the head with moderately sparse, long, erect pilosity; antennal scrobes present and indistinctly delimited ventrally and posteriorly by carinulae, scrobe surface shiny, foveolate with thick, longitudinal to irregular, and long rugae; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, moderately high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and wide base; outer hypostomal teeth thinner, smaller, and narrower than inner hypostomal teeth, dentate; gaster finely shagreened; body yellowish brown.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Head foveolate, genae with fading sculpture but never smooth; promesonotum low, moderately convex, short, with relatively convex posterior declivity; propodeal spines short; mesosoma foveolate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 1): HL: 1.03; HW: 0.97; SL: 0.49; EL: 0.14; WL: 0.8; PSL: 0.15; MTL: 0.48; PNW: 0.52; PTW: 0.14; PPW: 0.37; CI: 93.8; SI: 50.8; PSLI: 14.4; PPI: 38.6; PNI: 53.9; MTI: 49.3.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In full-face view longer than wide, anterior of eyes straight, posterior of eyes slightly convex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80B</figureCitation>
). In lateral view sub-rectangular; ventral and dorsal faces relatively flat; dorsal face finely depressed posteriorly, forming shallow transverse depression between frons and occipital lobes; inner hypostomal teeth invisible. Sides of head with moderately sparse, long, erect pilosity; whole head with dense, short, suberect to erect pilosity. Antennal scrobes indistinct and indistinctly delimited ventrally and posteriorly by carinulae; scrobe surface shiny, foveolate with thick, longitudinal to irregular, and long rugae. Occipital lobes shiny, with thick, irregular rugae, interspaces with distinct, irregular rugulae; frons with moderately dense, thick, and longitudinal rugae, interspaces distinctly rugo-foveolate; genae shiny, with dense and thin, irregular rugoreticulation; malar area with thin, longitudinal, dense rugoreticulation. Centre of clypeus shiny and smooth, lateral sides with longitudinal rugulae; median notch present, wide, and moderately deep; median longitudinal carina present; lateral longitudinal carinae present. Scape, when laid back, slightly surpassing the midlength of head; pilosity suberect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80B, D</figureCitation>
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, moderately high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and wide base; outer hypostomal teeth thinner, smaller, and narrower than inner hypostomal teeth, dentate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84I</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum relatively low and arched, posterior mesonotum steep, without tubercle-like projections; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines short, triangular, with rounded apex and wide base; humeral area laterally well produced (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D</figureCitation>
). Surface shiny, foveolate, and with additional short, transverse to irregular, thick rugae on the dorsal surface of propodeum. Pilosity sparse, very long, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny and with fine foveolae; peduncle short, with indistinct horizontal lobes on its basal part; node relatively high, triangular, with rounded apex, in rear view node slightly convex; pilosity long and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny, finely shagreened; in dorsal view sides with moderately short, acute, and triangular projections; pilosity long and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny and finely shagreened; pilosity dense, moderately long, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D, F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Yellowish brown; frons, occipital lobes; dorsal surface of mesosoma and gaster brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 80" startId="F80">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 80.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole binara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole binara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., full-face view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0923182) and full-face view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0353299).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 1): HL: 0.48; HW: 0.44; SL: 0.43; EL: 0.09; WL: 0.58; PSL: 0.09; MTL: 0.34; PNW: 0.29; PTW: 0.07; PPW: 0.13; CI: 90.3; SI: 99.1; PSLI: 18.8; PPI: 53.5; PNI: 66.8; MTI: 77.1.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Occipital margin straight or indistinctly concave; occipital carina indistinct (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80A</figureCitation>
). Pilosity moderately sparse, moderately long, suberect to erect. Head foveolate; genae with fading sculpture but never smooth. Clypeus foveolate; median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; pilosity erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80A, C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum low, moderately convex, short, with relatively convex posterior declivity; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal spines short, triangular, with acute apex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C</figureCitation>
). Sculpture foveolate. Pilosity moderately sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Peduncle short and thin; with few short, erect setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Moderately short, low, and convex; with few short, erect setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
With sparse, erect pilosity (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 80" captionStartId="F80" captionText="Figure 80. Pheidole binara sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923182) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0353299)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure80" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373127" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">80C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">From the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 498-900 m in elevation, in rainforest. Nests were located in rotten logs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole binara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole binara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. masoala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="masoala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. masoala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fisaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fisaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole binara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole binara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. masoala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="masoala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. masoala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in absence of shallow transverse depression between frons and occipital lobes, weakly developed antennal scrobes which are not delimited ventrally and posteriorly by carinulae, presence of distinct sculpture between thick rugae on frons and occipital lobes, and never smooth katepisternum; from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fisaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fisaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in never smooth surface between rugae on frons, never smooth katepisternum, and distinct foveolation on propodeal dorsum.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole binara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole binara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. masoala" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="masoala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. masoala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in never smooth sculpture on frons and katepisternum; from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fisaka" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fisaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fisaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in longer and lower promesonotum, and uniformly foveolate mesosoma sculpture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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