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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861" ID-GBIF-Dataset="364558cf-522a-4be7-9889-19bd67f09710" ID-PMC="PMC8825427" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-86-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A01C7A233CD154D4BAB919D837A687B2" ID-PubMed="35145339" ModsDocID="1314-4049-86-103" checkinTime="1643737480241" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Torres-Garcia, Daniel, Gene, Josepa &amp; Garcia, Dania" docDate="2022" docId="7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 86: 103-145" docOrigin="MycoKeys 86" docPubDate="2022-02-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861" docTitle="Penicillium vaccaeorum Quintanilla, Mycopathol. 80: 74. 1982." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A01C7A233CD154D4BAB919D837A687B2" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="A01C7A233CD154D4BAB919D837A687B2" masterDocTitle="New and interesting species of Penicillium (Eurotiomycetes, Aspergillaceae) in freshwater sediments from Spain" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668136777330" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New and interesting species of Penicillium (Eurotiomycetes, Aspergillaceae) in freshwater sediments from Spain</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Torres-Garcia, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut and IISPV, 43201 - Reus, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gene, Josepa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-9299</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut and IISPV, 43201 - Reus, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Garcia, Dania</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut and IISPV, 43201 - Reus, Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dania.garcias@urv.cat</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>86</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>103</mods:start>
<mods:end>145</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-86-103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A01C7A233CD154D4BAB919D837A687B2</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193243888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="109999" authority="Quintanilla, Mycopathol. 80: 74. 1982." authorityName="Quintanilla, Mycopathol. 80: 74. 1982." class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium vaccaeorum" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">Penicillium vaccaeorum Quintanilla, Mycopathol. 80: 74. 1982.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Morphological characters of Penicillium vaccaeorum (FMR 17967). A colonies from left to right (top row) CYA, MEA, YES, and OA; (bottom row) CYA reverse, MEA reverse, DG 18, and CREA B-E conidiophores on MEA F conidia. Scale Bars: 25 μm (B), 10 μm (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640615" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium lacussarmientei" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacussarmientei">Penicillium lacussarmientei</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium lacussarmientei" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacussarmientei">Penicillium lacussarmientei</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
, Mycopathol. 96: 29. 1986.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="J. A. Quintanilla" country="Spain" location="San Miguel del Arroyo" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
, Valladolid,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:D915F5B977FEBD52D2F1DE39E9E969EB" country="Spain" name="San Miguel del Arroyo">San Miguel del Arroyo</location>
, from sandy soil under pine tree;
<collectorName>J.A. Quintanilla</collectorName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
CBS H-148.83, cultures ex-type CBS 148.83, DTO 9E2, CECT 2753)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640615" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Morphological characters of
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium vaccaeorum" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Penicillium vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR17967">FMR 17967</accessionNumber>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
colonies from left to right (top row) CYA, MEA, YES, and OA; (bottom row) CYA reverse, MEA reverse, DG18, and CREA
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B-E</emphasis>
conidiophores on MEA
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
conidia. Scale Bars: 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
), 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="subgeneric classification">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Subgeneric classification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium (Aspergilloides)" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aspergilloides">Penicillium Aspergilloides</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Citrina" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium subsp. section" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="section" section="Citrina">Penicillium section Citrina</taxonomicName>
, series
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="series" series="Roseopurpurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Penicillium Roseopurpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Mycelium</emphasis>
superficial and immersed composed of septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae of 1.5-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Conidiophores</emphasis>
monoverticillate, rarely biverticillate and divaricate;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">stipes</emphasis>
smooth-walled, vesiculate, 22.5-103
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(vesicle up to 4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
);
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">metulae</emphasis>
divergent 2-3, unequal in length, 7-37
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">phialides</emphasis>
2-5 per stipe/metula, ampulliform, 6-8.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">conidia</emphasis>
smooth- or finely roughened, globose, 2-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Culture characteristics (7 d at 25 °C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Colonies on CYA, 20-22 mm diam., slightly raised, velvety, radially sulcate, dull red (8C3) at center to light yellow (4A5) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins slightly undulate, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse brownish orange (5C6); with reddish soluble pigment. On MEA, 24-27 mm diam., slightly elevated, velvety, light yellow (4A5) and pale orange (5A2) at periphery, margins low and entire, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (27C4); reverse golden yellow (5B7) and reddish-yellow (4A6) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On YES, 30-32 mm diam., slightly raised at center, velvety, radially sulcate, pale yellow (3A3) to white (1A1) and brownish orange (5C3) towards periphery, margins slightly undulate, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse brownish yellow (5C8); soluble pigment absent. On OA, 18-20 mm diam., flattened, velvety, dark green (28F4) to light gray (25D1) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins low and entire, sporulation abundant, conidial masses dull green (25D3); reverse brown (6E4) and yellowish gray (4B2) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On DG18, 12-13 mm, slightly raised at center, velvety, radially sulcate, white (1A1) and yellowish white (1A2) towards periphery, margins regular, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (27C3); reverse light yellow (4A5) and white (1A1) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On CREA, 9-11 mm diam., flattened, floccose, yellowish green (29B7) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins entire, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse dark gray (1F1); soluble pigment and production of acid absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="colony diameter on cya after 7d (mm)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Colony diameter on CYA after 7d (mm).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">On CYA: 5 °C no growth, 15 °C 13-14, 20 °C 16-17, 30 °C 18-20, 35 °C 6-11, 37 °C no growth, 40 °C no growth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 17531" collectingDate="2018-10" collectorName="D. Torres" country="Spain" location="La Costa de l'Infern" municipality="Fogars de Montclus" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalonia">
<collectingCountry name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Spain" name="Catalunya">Catalonia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
Fogars de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montclús">Montclus</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:AD46C32789D69D6C0E60213EFA4E06B1" country="Spain" municipality="Fogars de Montclus" name="La Costa de l'Infern" stateProvince="Catalonia">
La Costa de
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Infern">l'Infern</normalizedToken>
</location>
, from stream sediments,
<collectingDate value="2018-10">Oct 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>D. Torres</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR17531">FMR 17531</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 17534" collectingDate="2018-10" collectorName="D. Torres" country="Spain" location="La Costa de l'Infern" municipality="Fogars de Montclus" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalonia">
<collectingMunicipality>
Fogars de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montclús">Montclus</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:CA2C4BA7DEB31019618929383ADF1348" country="Spain" municipality="Fogars de Montclus" name="La Costa de l'Infern" stateProvince="Catalonia">
La Costa de
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Infern">l'Infern</normalizedToken>
</location>
, from stream sediments,
<collectingDate value="2018-10">Oct 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>D. Torres</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR17534">FMR 17534</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 18100" collectingDate="2020-12" collectorName="D. Torres, J. Gene" country="Spain" location="Segre River" municipality="Aitona" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalonia">
<collectingMunicipality>Aitona</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:0AD3B3CC4D77D1AC63DA6BBC879F5E4B" country="Spain" municipality="Aitona" name="Segre River" stateProvince="Catalonia">Segre River</location>
, from sediments,
<collectingDate value="2020-12">Dec 2020</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>D. Torres</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gené">Gene</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR18100">FMR 18100</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 18123" collectingDate="2020-12" collectorName="D. Torres, J. Gene" country="Spain" location="Segre River" municipality="La Granja d'Escarp" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Catalonia">
<collectingMunicipality>
La Granja
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Escarp">d'Escarp</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:A19ACC5C5F5891DBD5351761007B9ED4" country="Spain" municipality="La Granja d'Escarp" name="Segre River" stateProvince="Catalonia">Segre River</location>
, from sediments,
<collectingDate value="2020-12">Dec 2020</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>D. Torres</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gené">Gene</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR18123">FMR 18123</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 17616" collectingDate="2018-12" collectorName="J. F. Cano" country="Spain" location="Serra de Tramontana" municipality="Mallorca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Balearic Islands">
<collectingRegion country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Mallorca</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0B3B580379542FF951E777D5E22DCE:7730EDF3B5D420501319EC31F07281BE" country="Spain" municipality="Mallorca" name="Serra de Tramontana" stateProvince="Balearic Islands">Serra de Tramontana</location>
, from stream sediments,
<collectingDate value="2018-12">Dec 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>J. F. Cano</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR17616">FMR 17616</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="FMR 17967" collectingDate="2019-08" collectorName="J. Gene" country="Spain" location="Basque Country" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Basque Country">
<collectingRegion country="Spain" name="Pais Vasco">Basque Country</collectingRegion>
, from stream sediments,
<collectingDate value="2019-08">Aug 2019</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gené">Gene</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/FMR17967">FMR 17967</accessionNumber>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Argentina, Canada, Chile, Spain, The Netherlands and Turkey.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Aspergillaceae" genus="Penicillium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Penicillium vaccaeorum" order="Eurotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Penicillium vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. lacussarmientei" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="lacussarmientei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. lacussarmientei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two species described from sandy soils in Spain and Chile (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" author="Quintanilla, JA" journalOrPublisher="Mycopathologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="73 - 82" refId="B68" refString="Quintanilla, JA, 1982. Three new species of Penicillium isolated from soil. Mycopathologia 80: 73 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" title="Three new species of Penicillium isolated from soil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" volume="80" year="1982">Quintanilla 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00467682" author="Ramirez, C" journalOrPublisher="Mycopathologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="29 - 32" refId="B69" refString="Ramirez, C, 1986. A new species of Penicillium from the Chilean Tierra del Fuego. Mycopathologia 96: 29 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00467682" title="A new species of Penicillium from the Chilean Tierra del Fuego." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00467682" volume="96" year="1986">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
), respectively, were considered synonyms of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. roseopurpureum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="roseopurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. roseopurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Frisvad, JC" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="209 - 232" refId="B16" refString="Frisvad, JC, Samson, RA, Stolk, AC, 1990. Disposition of recently described species of Penicillium. Persoonia 14: 209 - 232" title="Disposition of recently described species of Penicillium." volume="14" year="1990">Frisvad et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, noting that both species were fast growing variants of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. roseopurpureum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="roseopurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. roseopurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later on, based on that criterion and the lack of morphological differences,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" author="Houbraken, J" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="53 - 138" refId="B34" refString="Houbraken, J, Frisvad, JC, Samson, RA, 2011. Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina. Studies in Mycology 70: 53 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" title="Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina." url="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" volume="70" year="2011">Houbraken et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
considered the two former species synonyms of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sanguifluum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="sanguifluum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. sanguifluum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
despite some sequence variation where
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vaccaeorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. lacussarmientei" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="lacussarmientei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. lacussarmientei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clustered together in a clade sister to that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sanguifluum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="sanguifluum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. sanguifluum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our phylogeny correlates with
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" author="Houbraken, J" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="53 - 138" refId="B34" refString="Houbraken, J, Frisvad, JC, Samson, RA, 2011. Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina. Studies in Mycology 70: 53 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" title="Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina." url="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" volume="70" year="2011">Houbraken et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
who found the same topology. Having the opportunity to examine specimens from both monophyletic sister clades (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Phylogenetic tree of Penicillium section Citrina based on ML analysis obtained by RAxML inferred from the combined tub 2, cmdA, and ITS loci. Branch lengths are proportional to phylogenetic distance. Bootstrap support values / Bayesian posterior probability scores above 70 % / 0.95 are indicated on the nodes. Bold branches indicate bs / pp values 100 / 1. The tree is rooted to P. cainii DAOM 239914 and P. jacksonii CCFC 239937. The name in green is the resurrected species P. vaccaeorum included in this study. T = Ex-type strain." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.73861.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640607" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8</figureCitation>
), we observed consistent phenotypic features to distinguish them. For instance, isolates of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vaccaeorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had longer stipes (up to 103
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; up to 120
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in the protologue of the species) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" author="Quintanilla, JA" journalOrPublisher="Mycopathologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="73 - 82" refId="B68" refString="Quintanilla, JA, 1982. Three new species of Penicillium isolated from soil. Mycopathologia 80: 73 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" title="Three new species of Penicillium isolated from soil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00641181" volume="80" year="1982">Quintanilla 1982</bibRefCitation>
), they were able to grow on CYA at 35 °C (6-11 mm diam. after 7 d), had good sporulation and faster growth on YES agar (30-32 mm diam. 7 d) and more restricted on DG18 (12-13 mm diam. 7 d). In contrast, isolates of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sanguifluum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="sanguifluum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. sanguifluum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade showed considerably shorter conidiophores (15-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long), they were unable to grow above 30 °C, and the colonies on YES and DG18 showed sparsely or absent sporulation and attained 18-28 mm and 16-22 mm diam., respectively (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" author="Houbraken, J" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="53 - 138" refId="B34" refString="Houbraken, J, Frisvad, JC, Samson, RA, 2011. Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina. Studies in Mycology 70: 53 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" title="Taxonomy of Penicillium section Citrina." url="https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.02" volume="70" year="2011">Houbraken et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, genetic and phenotypic differences support the reinstatement of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vaccaeorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an accepted species, with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. lacussarmientei" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="lacussarmientei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. lacussarmientei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considered synonym. This species together with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sanguifluum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="sanguifluum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. sanguifluum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. roseopurpureum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="roseopurpureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. roseopurpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are classified in series
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="series" series="Roseopurpurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Roseopurpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from almost all series of the
<taxonomicName authority="Citrina" lsidName="subsp. section" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="section" section="Citrina">section Citrina</taxonomicName>
by
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
monoverticillate conidiophores. The only other series in the section with monoverticillate conidiophores is
<taxonomicName genus="Gallaica" lsidName="Gallaica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Gallaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, represented exclusively by
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gallaicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="gallaicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. gallaicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from the former series mainly by the production of sclerotia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002" author="Houbraken, J" journalOrPublisher="Studies in Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="5 - 169" refId="B39" refString="Houbraken, J, Kocsube, S, Visagie, CM, Yilmaz, N, Wang, XC, Meijer, M, Kraak, B, Hubka, V, Bensch, K, Samson, RA, Frisvad, JC, 2020. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): an overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Studies in Mycology 95: 5 - 169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002" title="Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): an overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002" volume="95" year="2020">Houbraken et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
According to the revised data,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vaccaeorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="vaccaeorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. vaccaeorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs worldwide, and is commonly isolated from sandy soils of beaches and forests, and even associated with ants (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Strain information and GenBank / EMBL accession numbers of the Penicillium species investigated in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C0C60DB40FE68D5F623FDDA35382CFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="9C0C60DB40FE68D5F623FDDA35382CFD">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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