368 lines
46 KiB
XML
368 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="A335C75C16BB39B1E09EAF04AEB100EE" ID-DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.117818" ID-ISSN="0035-418X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6117779" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645031409249" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Schwendinger, Peter J. & Ono, Hirotsugu" docDate="2011" docId="03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.118.4.599-637.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 118 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0846B485C0C87F6EB7648DEEBF34B77F.2:RevSuisseZool.2011-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="0846B485C0C87F6EB7648DEEBF34B77F" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2011-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Heptathela australis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="606" masterDocId="FFE83667B047FF912C61182EED625E6E" masterDocTitle="On two Heptathela species from southern Vietnam, with a discussion of copulatory organs and systematics of the Liphistiidae (Araneae: Mesothelae)" masterLastPageNumber="637" masterPageNumber="599" pageNumber="602" updateTime="1699296575136" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="4B2F92CD1F9F2D1581D5D301047FA9AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="141DF06CD795752FF4F63A3730A59D89">
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<mods:title id="B4F6A7F1E47C93620B305E2E9D506A0B">On two Heptathela species from southern Vietnam, with a discussion of copulatory organs and systematics of the Liphistiidae (Araneae: Mesothelae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4782E61FFED09A2805C2D0457733A9B0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="44D05938F091FF69690A12ABDF94E223">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9DB17B9DE654A7A60E5F9E31E85ACC12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0753115BFF1FAB50CAD64D8301F0F294">Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D234DEDC10445B02E35F3B80CF478F8F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA8F5837C5ECBDB1C8D0D898EFBDBE90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C6C26D9BBA9BEDDCFAA4E2FD84E737E1">Ono, Hirotsugu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="279761DF93F6010B716EEE2007067784">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3A7DB4167CE60CF767B3DA85A360AFA5">
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<mods:title id="62355C5FD86570C3F7DA8CCBF67B939F">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BE6C2349FAD2669F21CF1A88FAF418DD">
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<mods:date id="1E3644257A5C8EF22494BC314307B289">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="97D96CF529645403418709E6AB549FEF" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E21A093383E2DF0897C43B5A3E1DA583">2011-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9A6C5067B1226192C0ED590F8A71F7CA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4F97A6E5921B9A3ABCFC38DBDAAF83AF">118</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D696904B4CF1AEAE0D08A4F8F222E712" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A5A30C9C867DD09E3717FA0C7D963B92">4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="AFC7BA1002E6A61F4F5CDDF82F284CE4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="81597EF0B69C197B8D956E4F91B9F346">599</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2C44D0226953078B67506AC3FCB911C2">637</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E905E231ECBB3F1422566CF5B53B276B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2FAA33F9911E66CC5481346E358979BD" type="DOI">10.5962/bhl.part.117818</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7258EB41F225AAE250BC6AADC8A59DC6" type="ISSN">0035-418X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="910E6CF46E5B864F12F4089223628CCD" type="Zenodo-Dep">6117779</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="606" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<subSubSection id="C362AC82B044FF922CF61921E9505F49" box="[151,1074,271,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922CF61921E9505F49" blockId="3.[151,1074,271,376]" box="[151,1074,271,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<heading id="D08F4865B044FF922CF61921E9505F49" box="[151,1074,271,295]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922CF61921EF635F49" authority="(Ono, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[151,513,271,295]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922CF61921EC155F49" bold="true" box="[151,375,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Heptathela australis</emphasis>
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(Ono, 2002)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-20, 55-58, 67
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C362AC82B044FF922CF61901EEA25F16" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922CF61901EE055F2B" blockId="3.[151,1074,271,376]" box="[151,871,303,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB68D827B044FF922CF61901EE055F2B" box="[151,871,303,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD9D918B044FF922CF61901EF445F2B" author="ONO, H." box="[151,550,303,325]" page="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" year="2002">
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<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922CF61901EF445F2B" authority="Ono, 2002 a: 120 - 122" authorityName="Ono" authorityPageNumber="120 - 122" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,550,303,325]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Songthela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922CF61901EC305F2B" box="[151,338,303,325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Songthela australis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B044FF922D391901EF445F2B" author="ONO, H." box="[344,550,303,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref21705" refString="ONO, H. 2002 a. Occurrence of a heptatheline spider (Araneae, Liphistiidae) in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (series A, Zoology) 28 (3): 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2002">Ono, 2002a: 120-122</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 1-8 (description of female).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922CF61967EEA25F16" blockId="3.[151,1074,271,376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922CF61967ECB85F30" authority="(Ono, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[151,474,329,351]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922CF61967EC3F5F31" box="[151,349,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Heptathela australis</emphasis>
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||
(Ono, 2002)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.-
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B044FF922D8F1967EF1B5F31" author="PLATNICK, N. I." box="[494,633,329,351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" refId="ref21969" refString="PLATNICK, N. I. 2011. The world spider catalog, version 12. 0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, online at http: // research. amnh. org / iz / spiders / catalog. DOI: 10. 5531 / db. iz. 0001 (accessed 26. VIII. 2011)." type="book" year="2011">Platnick, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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(transferred without explanation in an earlier version of that online catalogue; this generic placement is maintained here).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C362AC82B044FF922C8219AAEECE5A5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922C8219AAEE3C5C24" blockId="3.[151,1074,387,587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<materialsCitation id="3B10F554B044FF922C8219AAEFA15FF7" box="[227,707,387,409]" collectionCode="MATERIAL, EXAMINED" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6967CCB044FF922C8219AAECDF5FF6" box="[227,445,388,409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
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: NSMT-Ar 9617 (
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<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922E1619ADEFD95FF7" box="[631,699,387,409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B10F554B044FF922EB019AAEC0E5FDC" collectionCode="IEBR" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6967CCB044FF922EB019AAEE6A5FF7" box="[721,776,388,409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">IEBR</collectionCode>
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||
, without registration numbers (
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922CFE19B3ED835FDD" box="[159,225,413,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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and
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922D7119B3EC065FDD" box="[272,356,413,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B10F554B044FF922D1819B3EC5E5C76" collectingDate="2003-09-01" collectingDateMax="2003-09-02" collectingDateMin="2003-09-01" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." elevation="850" latitude="11.6449995" location="Dambri Waterfall" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.74361" municipality="June" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="9">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6967CCB044FF922D1819B3ECA05FDD" box="[377,450,413,435]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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||
, without registration numbers (all other specimens), sample SV- 03/18;
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922CBE1998EC4C5FA2" box="[223,302,438,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
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||
(matured early
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA36573B044FF922DB51999EF625FA2" box="[468,512,439,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">June</collectingMunicipality>
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||
2004,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF822021B044FF922E2A1998EF125F8B" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922E2A1998EFD75FA2" box="[587,693,438,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2004-07-02">2.VII.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922EA41998EE595FA2" box="[709,827,438,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2004-07-30">30.VII.2004</date>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922F2A1998EEDB5FA2" box="[843,953,438,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2006-06-30">30.VI.2006</date>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922FA81998E9495FA2" box="[969,1067,438,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2007-05-10">10.V.2007</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922CF619E1ED9B5F8B" box="[151,249,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2007-05-24">24.V.2007</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922D6D19FEEC145F8B" box="[268,374,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2007-05">May 2007</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922DE819E1EC915F8B" box="[393,499,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2008-04-17">17.IV.2008</date>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922E6719E1EF125F8B" box="[518,624,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2008-04-27">27.IV.2008</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
),
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922EEA19E1EF995F8B" box="[651,763,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922F5919E1EEFC5F8B" box="[824,926,463,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
; near
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B044FF922F8919E1ED925F91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B044FF922F8919E1ED925F91" latitude="11.6449995" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.74361" municipality="June" name="Dambri Waterfall" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Dambri Waterfall</location>
|
||
, about
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A75E62BB044FF922D5B19C7EF675F90" box="[314,517,489,511]" location="Bao Loc" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
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<quantity id="4C8052ECB044FF922D5B19C7EC1A5F91" box="[314,376,489,511]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Bao Loc
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C99CEB044FF922E7219C7EFE55F90" box="[531,647,489,511]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" precision="15" seconds="42" value="11.6449995">11°38’42”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C99CEB044FF922EF419C7EE765F90" box="[661,788,489,511]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" precision="15" seconds="37" value="107.74361">107°44’37”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB044FF922F4019C7EE3D5F90" box="[801,863,489,511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="m" value="850.0">
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<elevation id="0055183AB044FF922F4019C7EE3D5F90" box="[801,863,489,511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922F0C19C7EE8A5F91" box="[877,1000,489,511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2003-09-01" valueMax="2003-09-02" valueMin="2003-09-01">
|
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<collectingDate id="EF822021B044FF922F0C19C7EE8A5F91" box="[877,1000,489,511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2003-09-01" valueMax="2003-09-02" valueMin="2003-09-01">1.-2.IX.2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="268D9ADFB044FF92284019C7EC5E5C76" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">P. J. Schwendinger.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B10F554B044FF922D371A2CEE3C5C24" collectingDate="2003-08-31" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger." county="Da Hoa" elevation="690" latitude="11.455555" location="Bao Loc" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.71778" municipality="Da Huoai" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lam Dong">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6967CCB044FF922D371A2CECFD5C76" box="[342,415,514,536]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
, without registration number, sample SV-03/17;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B044FF922F1B1A2CEEDE5C76" box="[890,956,514,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BC31EBB044FF922FA81A2DED8E5C5F" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Lam Dong Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, off the road from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A68785B044FF922DCC1A32EC9B5C5F" box="[429,505,540,561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Da Hoa</collectingCounty>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA36573B044FF922E7E1A32EF1C5C5F" box="[543,638,539,561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">Da Huoai</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
) to
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B044FF922EC81A32EF9F5C5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B044FF922EC81A32EF9F5C5F" box="[681,765,540,561]" county="Da Hoa" latitude="11.455555" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.71778" municipality="Da Huoai" name="Bao Loc" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" stateProvince="Lam Dong">Bao Loc</location>
|
||
, about
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A75E62BB044FF922F281A35E9495C5F" box="[841,1067,539,561]" location="Bao Loc" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB044FF922F281A35EEEA5C5F" box="[841,904,539,561]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Bao Loc
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C99CEB044FF922CF61A1BEC6E5C24" box="[151,268,565,587]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" precision="15" seconds="20" value="11.455555">11°27’20”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C99CEB044FF922D791A1BECFA5C24" box="[280,408,565,587]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" precision="15" seconds="04" value="107.71778">107°43’04”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB044FF922DC51A1BEC805C24" box="[420,482,565,587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="m" value="690.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0055183AB044FF922DC51A1BEC805C24" box="[420,482,565,587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" unit="m" value="690.0">690 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922D8F1A1BEF0E5C25" box="[494,620,565,587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2003-08-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF822021B044FF922D8F1A1BEF0E5C25" box="[494,620,565,587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2003-08-31">31.VIII.2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="268D9ADFB044FF922EC21A1BEE3C5C24" box="[675,862,565,587]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">P. J. Schwendinger.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922C821A4EEECE5A5E" blockId="3.[151,1074,608,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
|
||
EMENDED DIAGNOSIS: Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922E5B1A4FEFDA5C16" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[570,696,608,632]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922E5B1A4FEFDA5C16" box="[570,696,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922FF81A4FE9535C16" box="[921,1073,608,632]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922FF81A4FE9535C16" box="[921,1073,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a narrower cymbium with a longer and narrower elongate proventral-distal projection; paracymbium much longer and basally much narrower, almost forming a right angle with the cymbium; an unpigmented and unsclerotised zone present distoventrally on cymbium; marginal tegular apophysis much longer and pointed, terminal tegular apophysis with its dorsal edge much less projecting and less dentate; contrategulum with two distal edges running parallel to each other: an outer sharp edge and an inner dentate edge; the sharp edge with a pronounced, beak-like extension prolaterally, the dentate edge not connected with the isolated denticles in the ventro-proximal part of the contrategulum; conductor shorter, situated close to the embolus, its apex without denticles; embolus longer. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922E221BB5EFA65DDC" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[579,708,922,946]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922E221BB5EFA65DDC" box="[579,708,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922FAE1BB5ED9D5DBC" authorityName="Chen, Zhang & Zhu" authorityYear="1981" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hangzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922FAE1BB5ED9D5DBC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. hangzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differing by larger posterior “bursae” (= receptacular clusters) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B044FF922F9C1B94EC725D9F" author="ONO, H." pageId="3" pageNumber="602" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref21705" refString="ONO, H. 2002 a. Occurrence of a heptatheline spider (Araneae, Liphistiidae) in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (series A, Zoology) 28 (3): 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2002">Ono, 2002a: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, referring to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B044FF922DC11BF7EFE25D9F" author="SONG, D. & HAUPT, J." box="[416,640,985,1009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref22492" refString="SONG, D. & HAUPT, J. 1984. Comparative morphology and phylogeny of liphistiomorph spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae). 2. Revision of new Chinese heptathelid species. Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (new series) 27: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1984">Song & Haupt, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3c-d). Another distinction is found in the shape of the bursa copulatrix in dorsal and ventral view: longer and trapezoidal or triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922D211C37ECDC5A5E" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[320,446,1048,1072]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922D211C37ECDC5A5E" box="[320,446,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shorter and rectangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB044FF922E861C37EEC75A5E" authorityName="Chen, Zhang & Zhu" authorityYear="1981" box="[743,933,1048,1072]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hangzhouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB044FF922E861C37EEC75A5E" box="[743,933,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">H. hangzhouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C362AC82B044FF972C821C68EE435811" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="605" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF922C821C68ECF65B35" blockId="3.[151,1074,1093,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
|
||
DESCRIPTION OF MALE (matured
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B044FF922E281C6BEFD75A33" box="[585,693,1093,1117]" pageId="3" pageNumber="602" value="2007-05-10">10.V.2007</date>
|
||
): Colouration in alcohol (live specimens distinctly darker): Ground colour of carapace light brown, with indistinct dark brown W-shaped pattern behind dark ocular mound and with dark brown band along anterior and lateral margins. Opisthosoma cream, mottled with light grey; tergites uniformly light greyish brown; sternites light orange-brown; spinnerets cream. Chelicerae light brown distally, cream proximally. Legs and palps dorsally uniformly light reddish brown except for a dark red-brown distal zone of the cymbium (not including cymbial projection); no dark annulation present. Ventral side of body and limbs generally lighter than dorsal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B044FF952C821D4CEEE95FD8" blockId="3.[151,1074,1093,1652]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1059,227,1088]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="603" pageId="3" pageNumber="602">
|
||
Total length 15.2. Carapace 6.4 long, 5.2 wide, set with a few short, peg-like hairs (with blunt tips) on margin (mostly anteriorly and posteriorly), behind ocular mound and on coxal elevations, only few longer pointed hairs running over ocular mound in a longitudinal row. Eye group 0.92 long, 1.05 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.59, PME 0.30, PLE 0.53; AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 1.14, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.12, ALE-PLE 0.08. MOQ 0.43 long, front width 0.19, back width 0.46. Labium 0.4 long, 1.2 wide. Sternum 2.5 long, 2.2 wide (1.2 on ventral surface). Anterior margin of sternum distinctly elevated, thus a deep suture present between sternum and labium. Maxillae 2.2 long, 1.4 wide. Promargin of cheliceral groove with 10 small teeth on each chelicera. Paired tarsal claws with 4-5 teeth; unpaired claws without denticles. Measurements of limbs: palp 11.4 (3.4 + 1.9 + 3.9 + 2.2); leg I 18.7 (5.1 + 2.4 + 3.8 + 4.9 + 2.5); leg II 19.1 (5.0 + 2.4 + 3.7 + 5.3 + 2.7); leg III 20.4 (4.9 + 2.5 + 3.8 + 6.2 + 3.0); leg IV 26.5 (6.5 + 2.7 + 5.0 + 8.6 + 3.7). “Tibial spurs” (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B043FF952D13194EEFF05F16" author="PLATNICK, N. I. & GOLOBOFF, P. A." box="[370,658,352,376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="603" pagination="1265 - 1270" refId="ref22071" refString="PLATNICK, N. I. & GOLOBOFF, P. A. 1985. On the monophyly of the spider suborder Mesothelae (Arachnida: Araneae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 93 (4): 1265 - 1270." type="journal article" year="1985">Platnick & Goloboff, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) absent on all legs. Opisthosoma 5.7 long, 3.6 wide; posterior margin of genital sternite (= sternite of second opisthosomal segment) widely rounded, with slightly protruding median part (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B043FF952CB51993ECF75A51" blockId="4.[136,1059,227,1088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="603">Palp (Figs 2-15) with a quite long and narrow cymbial projection (Fig. 2); distoventral zone of cymbium (below subtegulum) unpigmented and unsclerotised, formed by extension of unpigmented and unsclerotised inner (retrolateral distal) side of cymbium onto its ventral side (Fig. 3); paracymbium relatively long and narrow, with only indistinct proximal tubercle; cymbium and paracymbium almost at right angles (Fig. 3). Tegulum with two large apophyses: 1) marginal apophysis long, pointed, distad-directed, with a sharp edge running across it from prolateral to retrolateral side (Figs 2-4); 2) terminal apophysis retrolaterad- and slightly proximaddirected, with an abruptly narrowed and slightly distad-bent apex (Fig. 3), dorsal side of apophysis only moderately extended and carrying a low, weakly dentate edge, dorsal and ventral sides of apophysis almost parallel to each other (Figs 3, 5, 10-14); edges of both apophyses not in contact with each other. Contrategulum with a few isolated denticles ventro-proximally and with two parallel distal edges, the outer one sharp, the inner one finely dentate, both uniformely pigmented (Fig. 3); sharp edge prolaterally abruptly truncate, with a beak-like extension pointing toward marginal apophysis of tegulum (Fig. 2). Conductor arising ventro-proximally on embolus (= bulbal sclerite III), its proximal half fairly wide and fused with base of embolus, its distal half free, blade-like, with continuously narrowing sides and pointed apex (Figs 3-9). Embolus largely sclerotised, prolateral half strengthened by numerous longitudinal ribs (Figs 2-5); terminal fringe around opening of sperm duct (= spermophore) hyaline and finely serrate (Figs 3-4, 6, 8-9).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B043FF952CB51C61EEC55ACA" blockId="4.[136,1059,1102,1188]" pageId="4" pageNumber="603">
|
||
DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE: See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE982F8B043FF952E7B1C60EE625A08" author="ONO, H." box="[538,768,1102,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="603" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref21705" refString="ONO, H. 2002 a. Occurrence of a heptatheline spider (Araneae, Liphistiidae) in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (series A, Zoology) 28 (3): 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2002">Ono (2002a: 120-122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 1-8). Anterior margin of sternum elevated as in male, thus also with a deep suture between sternum and labium. “Tibial spurs” present on legs I-III. Vulva as in Figs 16-19, 55-58.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B043FF952CB51C9AEC575812" blockId="4.[136,1059,1203,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="603">
|
||
VARIATION: Range of measurements in males (n=10) and in newly collected females with clearly developed vulva (n=10; in parentheses): body length 12.7-17.6 (15.3-24.1), carapace length 5.4-7.1 (6.0-9.4), carapace width 4.2-6.2 (4.8-8.1). Variation in the overall shape of the vulvae of four new females is not strongly pronounced (Figs 16-18, 55). The largest female (only it) has a dark brown spot on the ventral wall of the bursa copulatrix, and several small sclerotised vesicles (as the ones on the receptacular clusters), penetrated by gland pores, sitting on the dorsal wall of the bursa copulatrix, in between the four receptacular clusters (Fig. 16). The latter character can be an atavism (see Discussion: evolution of female copulatory organs). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7E3480B043FF952F9D1D82EDB35B8C" pageId="4" pageNumber="603" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
the posterior margin of the genital sternite is indented (probably from an injury sustained in an earlier instar; Fig. 20). For variation in the shape of the palpal organ, see Figs 6-9 (conductor), Figs 3, 10 (marginal tegular apophysis) and Figs 5, 10-14 (terminal tegular apophysis). One male has a proximally narrow paracymbium (Fig. 15). The number of isolated denticles ventro-proximally on the contrategulum varies from 2-7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B042FF942E571DCCEFF15B99" blockId="5.[151,1074,1505,1659]" box="[566,659,1505,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">FIGS 1-15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B042FF972CF61E2EEFE85D8E" blockId="5.[151,1074,1505,1659]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1059,970,1124]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="605" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB042FF942CF61E2EEC82587B" authority="(Ono, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[151,480,1536,1558]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="604" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB042FF942CF61E2EEC3D5878" box="[151,351,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Heptathela australis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ono, 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B10F554B042FF972D8E1E2EEFE85D8E" collectingDate="2007-05-10" collectionCode="V" county="Marginal" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="605" location="Dao Hoa - Bao Loc" municipality="Conductor" pageId="5" pageNumber="604" specimenCode="FIGS 16-20" specimenCount="2">
|
||
male (mature
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B042FF942E1B1E2EEFBE5878" box="[634,732,1536,1558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604" value="2007-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF822021B042FF942E1B1E2EEFBE5878" box="[634,732,1536,1558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604" value="2007-05-10">
|
||
10.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6967CCB042FF942EF91E2EEFC4587B" box="[664,678,1536,1557]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="604" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.2007
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C341ABB042FF942F2B1E2EEE11587B" box="[842,883,1536,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (1-6), five other males from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C341ABB042FF942D091E34ECF35841" box="[360,401,1562,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (7, 11; 9; 10; 12; 13), male from
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942F4B1E34EE8B5841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942F4B1E34EE8B5841" box="[810,1001,1562,1583]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Dao Hoa - Bao Loc" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Dao Hoa - Bao Loc</location>
|
||
(8, 14- 15). (1)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942C891E1CEC5D5826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942C891E1CEC5D5826" box="[232,319,1586,1608]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Posterior" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Posterior</location>
|
||
margin of genital sternite, ventral view. (2)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942E8E1E1CEE4A5826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942E8E1E1CEE4A5826" box="[751,808,1586,1608]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Distal" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Distal</location>
|
||
part of left palp, prolateral view. (3)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942C901E62EC44580C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942C901E62EC44580C" box="[241,294,1612,1634]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Same" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Same</location>
|
||
, ventral view. (4)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942DB21E62EF6A580C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942DB21E62EF6A580C" box="[467,520,1612,1634]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Same" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Same</location>
|
||
, retrolateral view. (5)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942EBC1E62EE70580C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942EBC1E62EE70580C" box="[733,786,1612,1634]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Same" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Same</location>
|
||
, distal view. (6, 8-9)
|
||
<location id="8EA7A9D2B042FF942FBD1E62E953580C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D14E1FB044FF962CF61921EE975B8D:8EA7A9D2B042FF942FBD1E62E953580C" box="[988,1073,1612,1634]" county="Marginal" municipality="Conductor" name="Embolus" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Embolus</location>
|
||
and conductor, proventral view. (7)
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA36573B042FF942D8C1E4BEF335815" box="[493,593,1637,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Conductor</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, proventral view. (10)
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A68785B042FF942F4A1E4BEEE15815" box="[811,899,1637,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="604">Marginal</collectingCounty>
|
||
and terminal apo-
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDE5772B041FF972E401BE5EFE85D8E" box="[545,650,970,992]" collectionCode="FIGS" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">FIGS 16-20</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B041FF972CE91BC7EEAD5A0A" blockId="6.[136,1059,970,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972CE91BC7ECAF5D91" authority="(Ono, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[136,461,1001,1023]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972CE91BC7EC2C5D91" box="[136,334,1001,1023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">Heptathela australis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ono, 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (16) Vulva of largest female, dorsal view; dorsal and lateral walls of genital atrium not shown. (17-18) Bursae copulatrices of two other females, dorsal view. (19) Schema of vulva, lateral view (the oviduct is actually anterodorsad- and not posterodorsaddirected). (20) Posterior margin of deformed genital sternite, ventral view. BC = bursa copulatrix; GA= genital atrium; Od = oviduct; RC = receptacular cluster. Scale lines 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B041FF972CB51CB6ED8B5BE1" blockId="6.[136,1059,1175,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">
|
||
RELATIONSHIPS: Despite pronounced differences in female copulatory organs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972CE91C96EC6B5AA1" baseAuthorityName="Ono" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[136,265,1207,1231]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972CE91C96EC6B5AA1" box="[136,265,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972E141C96EFD85AA1" authorityName="Schwendinger & Ono" authorityYear="2011" box="[629,698,1208,1231]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972E141C96EFD85AA1" box="[629,698,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">N. nui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F9E60B041FF972EA51C96EE635AA1" box="[708,769,1208,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Their palps share distinct synapomorphies, and both species occur in the same mountain range, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB041FF972FBA1CF9E9405A81" box="[987,1058,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
|
||
apart. Their closest known relatives are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972E511CD6EFAB5B61" box="[560,713,1271,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972E511CD6EFAB5B61" box="[560,713,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">H. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972E9D1CD6EEE55B61" authorityName="Ono" authorityYear="1997" box="[764,903,1271,1295]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomokunii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972E9D1CD6EEE55B61" box="[764,903,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">H. tomokunii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36FBF99B041FF972CE91D39ED805B41" box="[136,226,1303,1327]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but more closely related species most likely await discovery in the mountains between Da Lat and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BC31EBB041FF972D091D19ECCB5B21" box="[360,425,1335,1359]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Noi" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">Hanoi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The male of the geographically closer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB041FF972F371D16E9405B21" authorityName="Ono" authorityYear="1999" box="[854,1058,1335,1359]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Heptathela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="605" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucphuongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB041FF972F371D16E9405B21" box="[854,1058,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">H. cucphuongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from south of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BC31EBB041FF972D471D79EC055B01" box="[294,359,1367,1391]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Noi" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">Hanoi</collectingRegion>
|
||
) is unknown and therefore the relationships of this species are not yet clear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B041FF972CE91DFFEE435811" blockId="6.[136,1058,1489,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="605">physis of tegulum, ventral view. (11-14) Terminal apophysis of tegulum, ventral view. (15) Outline of paracymbium, ventral view. Co = conductor; CP = cymbial projection; CT = contrategulum; Cy = cymbium; DE = dentate distal edge of contrategulum; DT = dorsal extension of terminal apophysis of tegulum; E = embolus; MA = marginal apophysis of tegulum; PC = paracymbium; PE = prolateral extension of sharp distal edge of contrategulum; SE = sharp distal edge of contrategulum; ST = subtegulum; T = tegulum; TA = terminal apophysis of tegulum; Z = unpigmented distoventral zone of cymbium. Scale lines 1.0 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C362AC82B040FF962C8218CAEC395F75" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B040FF962C8218CAEC395F75" blockId="7.[151,1074,227,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from two localities near Bao Loc village in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36FBF99B040FF962C9B192DEC365F75" box="[250,340,259,283]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C362AC82B040FF962C821905EE975B8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B040FF962C821905EF565F93" blockId="7.[151,1074,298,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">BIOLOGY: The mature male was discovered when scraping leaf litter from the floor of an evergreen broadleaf forest. He probably had left his burrow in search of females and was taking temporary shelter in the leaf litter during the day. All other spiders were extracted from their burrows in sun-exposed earth banks (with little vegetation) on one side of a dirt road in an old secondary forest. None of the burrows inspected at the beginning of September contained mature males, and by then the mating period was probably at its end.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B040FF962C821A2AECEB5AA5" blockId="7.[151,1074,298,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
All burrows were closed with a single trapdoor that had its hinge on the upper side of the entrance; the lower rim of the burrow entrance was slightly protruding. Trapdoors of females were up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB040FF962E621A6DEF2C5C35" box="[515,590,579,603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="cm" value="3.3">3.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB040FF962EA31A6DEE6F5C35" box="[706,781,579,603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; those of penultimate males 2.0-2.3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB040FF962D071A4CECBF5C14" box="[358,477,610,634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. No spiders were seen when their doors were carefully opened with forceps for inspection. They were resting in the depth of their burrows and could not be provoked to come to the entrance by inserting a flexible grass stem and disturbing them (which often works for extracting spiders of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB040FF962CF61AF1EC625C99" authorityName="Schiodte" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,256,735,759]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB040FF962CF61AF1EC625C99" box="[151,256,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Liphistius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). All these spiders had to be dug up. Large and medium-sized spiders (including adult males) react to disturbance by repeatedly raising their body above the ground while the leg tarsi remained on the ground (a behaviour called “tiptoeing”) and by spreading their chelicerae, as large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB040FF962E4F1B12EFF55D3A" authorityName="Schiodte" authorityYear="1849" box="[558,663,828,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB040FF962E4F1B12EFF55D3A" box="[558,663,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Liphistius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also do. Four egg cases (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB040FF962FC51B12E9755D3A" box="[932,1047,828,852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5-3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8052ECB040FF962D521B72ECC95D1D" box="[307,427,860,884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.4">1.4-1.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) were built between the end of November and late
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B040FF962CF61B55EC215DFD" box="[151,323,891,915]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" value="2003-12">December 2003</date>
|
||
. Three of them held clusters of 129-164 beige or light yellow eggs wrapped in a thin skin made of a coagulated vulval secretion and some fine silken threads (as present in all liphistiid egg cases examined, but less distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78848AB040FF962FD81B97E9405DBF" authorityName="Schiodte" authorityYear="1849" box="[953,1058,953,977]" class="Arachnida" family="Liphistiidae" genus="Liphistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C231BB040FF962FD81B97E9405DBF" box="[953,1058,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Liphistius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), resting on a mesh of fine threads above the bottom of the inner chamber of the egg case. Ninety-nine third (or later?) instar juveniles were taken from the fourth egg case in mid-April 2004. Five of them were males that reached maturity in
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B040FF962FE51C36EE905A41" box="[900,1010,1047,1071]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" value="2006-06">June 2006</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B040FF9628601C36EDAE5A20" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" value="2007-05">May 2007</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFC6D9C9B040FF962D611C18EC175A20" box="[256,373,1078,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606" value="2008-04">April 2008</date>
|
||
, which is presumably earlier in the year than in nature (since the adult male was found at the end of August). Development from eggs to adult males in captivity thus took between one and a half years and three years and four months. Females which laid eggs between November and December moulted in the following March, May and June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC7FF09B040FF962C821CFCEE975B8D" blockId="7.[151,1074,298,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">
|
||
Three of the large females, which were collected in the field and subsequently laid eggs in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BC31EBB040FF962D7D1CDFEC0F5B67" box="[284,365,1265,1289]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="7" pageNumber="606">Geneva</collectingRegion>
|
||
, each carried more than 50 ectoparasitic mites of different instars on their prosoma. These mites were usually sitting on the carapace, but when disturbed took shelter on the ventral side, between the coxae and the sternum, and between the prosoma and the opisthosoma. They pierced the carapace at numerous places and left clearly visible dark round scars that make the spiders look as if they had measles (Fig. 67). The carapace, a quite strongly sclerotised plate, is an unlikely place for sucking body fluids. Surprisingly, no scars or any other signs of damage are visible on the soft membranes between the sclerites of the prosoma or on the opisthosoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |