120 lines
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120 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="79EEB1871EE00BBCC5C3FA6B7851B0A7" ID-CLB-Dataset="31608" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eadc6621-31b2-41a1-b248-8bb38bd75d09" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1042988" ID-ZooBank="B1B682B2-C9F1-4CF9-B57F-CA45B1F87B46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510040820721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wagner, Daniel & Shuler, Andrew" docDate="2017" docId="03EEED386A3AFFB16ECB9C74B48F4419" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4344.2.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4344 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antipathidae Ehrenberg 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="368" masterDocId="FFD795406A3BFFB06E5C994DB7734319" masterDocTitle="The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records" masterLastPageNumber="379" masterPageNumber="367" pageNumber="368" updateTime="1698480813510" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F14FD3B094AEAFFCCB00639210EF5ED6">
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<mods:title id="92897214B92D735CA93E2556FC95B94E">The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="200B8B166A5B3A26D1C477E6778D685F">Wagner, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4653652FD811EEB33CBF780BE5250F28">Shuler, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8834C6FDA75C4DBCF881C7F9BC4FDA1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="01841F24A9125804E402CF4E5A813112">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A3686349E9BFB0C2C5089E8106D36B1F">4344</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EEED386A3AFFB16ECB9C74B48F4419" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035212" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137252747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6035212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEED386A3AFFB16ECB9C74B48F4419" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEED386A3AFFB16ECB9C74B48F4419" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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<subSubSection id="C35D0FA56A3AFFB16ECB9C74B48F4419" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3AFFB16ECB9C74B501464A" blockId="1.[151,626,1337,1363]" box="[151,626,1337,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0B0EB426A3AFFB16ECB9C74B501464A" bold="true" box="[151,626,1337,1363]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16ECB9C74B501464A" bold="true" box="[151,626,1337,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16EAA9C74B501464A" ID-CoL="7NFXZ" authority="Ehrenberg, 1834" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[246,626,1337,1363]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
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Antipathidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16FFE9C74B501464A" author="Ehrenberg" box="[418,626,1337,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834) Beitrage zur Kenntniß der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1832, 225 - 380." type="journal article" year="1834">Ehrenberg, 1834</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF85C2E6A3AFFB16ECB9C32B48F4419" blockId="1.[151,1436,1407,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">
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The family
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16F7E9C32B6C04681" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[290,435,1407,1432]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by polyps that (1) range from about
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A3AFFB16A6C9C32B3F9468E" box="[1072,1162,1407,1432]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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to more than
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<quantity id="4CBFF1CB6A3AFFB16B6A9CCDB20F468E" box="[1334,1404,1408,1432]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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in transverse diameter, (2) are not elongated in the transverse plane, (3) possess six primary and four secondary mesenteries, and (4) have sagittal tentacles that are substantially longer than the lateral tentacles when fully expanded (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16F499CA1B6F6451D" author="Bo" box="[277,389,1516,1540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Bo, M. (2008) Taxonomy and ecology of antipatharians. Universita Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, 212 pp." type="book" year="2008">Bo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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; Opresko, 2005;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16C139CA1B4F7451C" author="Opresko" box="[591,900,1516,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko & Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the latter feature is frequently not apparent in preserved specimens. Historically, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16C979F42B42F4531" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[715,860,1551,1576]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
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has been considered a taxonomic dumping ground, and is the oldest and most species-rich antipatharian family (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16D619F79B4DB4555" author="Bo" box="[829,936,1588,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Bo, M. (2008) Taxonomy and ecology of antipatharians. Universita Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, 212 pp." type="book" year="2008">Bo, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3AFFB16DEF9F78B48C4555" box="[947,1023,1589,1612]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">France</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16A5A9F78B34D4554" box="[1030,1086,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007). As a result, colony and skeletal spine morphology is very heterogeneous within this family. While several taxa that formerly belonged to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16E989F31B626458C" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[196,341,1660,1685]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Antipathidae</taxonomicName>
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have recently been transferred to new families (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16DD29F31B348458C" author="Opresko" box="[910,1083,1660,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2006) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part V. Establishment of a new family, Stylopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 80 - 4, 109 - 138." type="book chapter" year="2006">Opresko, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16A169F31B3F6458D" author="Opresko" box="[1098,1157,1660,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2004) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part IV. Establishment of a new family, Aphanipathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 78, 209 - 240." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16ACF9F31B3BD458D" author="Opresko" box="[1171,1230,1660,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16A819F31B26B458D" author="Opresko" box="[1245,1304,1660,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
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, 2001), the family is still considered polyphyletic and in need of further taxonomic revisions (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16A1E9FD2B25545A1" author="Brugler" box="[1090,1318,1695,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 312 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12060" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Brugler
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16AFE9FECB3A845A1" box="[1186,1243,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3AFFB16B6F9FEDB20C45AE" box="[1331,1407,1696,1719]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">France</collectingCountry>
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16BD49FECB7C745C4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2007). Two genera (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16FF49F89B55345C4" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[424,544,1732,1757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16FF49F89B55345C4" box="[424,544,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Antipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4727AD6A3AFFB16C049F89B59545C4" baseAuthorityName="Bo & Opresko" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[600,742,1732,1757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16C049F89B59545C4" box="[600,742,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Stichopathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) have previously been reported from the waters off
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<collectingCountry id="F3501CBE6A3AFFB16B699F89B2EF45C4" box="[1333,1436,1732,1757]" name="Bermuda" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD621DF6A3AFFB16EC29FAAB61C4419" author="Locke" box="[158,367,1767,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="368" refString="Locke, J. M., Coates, K. A. & Bilewich, J. P. (2013) Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda's reefs and deepwater coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard, C. R. C. (Ed.), Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Coral Reefs of the World. Vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 189 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 5965 - 7 _ 14" type="book" year="2013">
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Locke
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<emphasis id="B933803C6A3AFFB16EB19FA4B6564419" box="[237,293,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="368">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), both which were recorded as part of this study (
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<tableCitation id="C6C569956A3AFFB16DCB9FAAB4984419" box="[919,1003,1767,1792]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,440,463]" captionText="TABLE 1. Black coral specimens examined as part of this study (BAMZ = Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo; NR = not reported; * = new record for Bermuda)." pageId="1" pageNumber="368">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |