582 lines
76 KiB
XML
582 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="EEF33C43330A1BAFE07C70573A2F03A5" ID-CLB-Dataset="27092" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2645280" ID-GBIF-Dataset="af431176-c0a7-422e-9ed8-d4162dc364ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2645280" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555587361551" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bolaños, D. Marcela, Quiroga, Sigmer Y. & Litvaitis, Marian K." docDate="2006" docId="03DC87B4FF8AFF816B2CC507FEC2F92A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01162p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1162" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Armatoplana colombiana Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="0FFAA54D-E3FD-49A6-91D5-D876E36DC39A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFE5FFCCFF88FF866A24C643FFA0FFFB" masterDocTitle="A new acotylean flatworm, Armatoplana colombiana n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1702000071467" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="16569022EE84BBF188E16EA1B5AC2F3A">
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<mods:title id="13957A55DFF52F9E9F69722E7C96D5CC">A new acotylean flatworm, Armatoplana colombiana n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Stylochoplanidae) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E4D821D470851A783EB2608CA328B63">Bolaños, D. Marcela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="97EBFBB400645002CF2A128CEFC33089">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8DFD4E000277EF3663E23E8D4F3C4B41">Quiroga, Sigmer Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9AE2AAE9C0EA86EF95F60A7F4C902823" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="83B4F775DCF063568FD55259384D3D83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="67C911CB3C0491E3F5614F1D2F1D4558">Litvaitis, Marian K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E490D60B3E41296C7194F67FB3CE4E2F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="10A07511F9DE643951F5F0D899DFDBE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="64D8B20EFC08BE46C840DB28573B0E8E">
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<mods:date id="DEA9BE9D04974A2983E684399B9054D8">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EBF3345AACF4433936FE04E9B51F0AFE">2006-03-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AB604FB370CD5F56CD065AB31851836B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="59CD455AE61A65A50AE4C99B7EF8265F">1162</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0F0D1FC4A660031A60475998C3D32B35">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6C19FABA33C3B815CF8A7F81776505F9" type="CLB-Dataset">27092</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BAFF00A1CF75F94382F75ED7FCF61C3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.2645280</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0A0F8711C8082ECD2B634060CC7FC5E4" type="ZooBank">80839A3B-4A00-4C89-91A2-1C3B3BEB515E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DC87B4FF8AFF816B2CC507FEC2F92A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156788697" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0FFAA54D-E3FD-49A6-91D5-D876E36DC39A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87B4FF8AFF816B2CC507FEC2F92A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC507FD26FCA5" box="[264,646,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC507FD26FCA5" blockId="2.[264,646,836,897]" box="[264,646,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="D08281CEFF8AFF846B2CC507FD26FCA5" bold="true" box="[264,646,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC507FD26FCA5" bold="true" box="[264,646,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8AFF846B2CC507FD9DFCA5" ID-CoL="GRZP" authority="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis, 2006" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,573,836,862]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC507FD9DFCA5" bold="true" box="[264,573,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Armatoplana colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257CBFF8AFF846860C507FD26FCA5" box="[580,646,836,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC524FE28FC7A" box="[264,392,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC524FE28FC7A" blockId="2.[264,646,836,897]" box="[264,392,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8AFF846B35C524FEDFFC7A" box="[273,383,871,897]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="3.[264,368,840,864]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,365,1255,1279]" captionStartId-2="3.[264,368,1824,1848]" captionStartId-3="4.[264,368,534,558]" captionStartId-4="4.[264,367,866,890]" captionStartId-5="4.[264,368,1181,1205]" captionStartId-6="4.[264,368,1487,1511]" captionStartId-7="4.[264,367,1845,1869]" captionStartId-8="5.[264,367,605,629]" captionTargetBox-0="[94,1323,287,831]" captionTargetBox-1="[502,1084,901,1247]" captionTargetBox-2="[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[317,1493,286,526]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1323,596,858]" captionTargetBox-5="[292,1294,978,1158]" captionTargetBox-6="[264,1323,1243,1479]" captionTargetBox-7="[264,1323,1583,1822]" captionTargetBox-8="[94,1239,287,594]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[264,1323,308,834]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[502,1084,900,1253]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[317,1269,314,529]" captionTargetId-4="figure@4.[264,1323,593,862]" captionTargetId-5="figure@4.[292,1294,978,1158]" captionTargetId-6="figure@4.[264,1323,1241,1483]" captionTargetId-7="figure@4.[264,1323,1579,1822]" captionTargetId-8="figure@5.[340,1247,304,601]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionTargetPageId-5="4" captionTargetPageId-6="4" captionTargetPageId-7="4" captionTargetPageId-8="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Whole, fixed animal, representing general body shape and nuchal tentacles." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Fleshy, anteriorly located knobs (white arrow heads) and nuchal tentacles (black arrows)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Sagittal section through the anterior end, indicating position of knobs (arrow); the anterior end is folded subterminally. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Sagittal section with nuchal tentacles (arrows). Scale = 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Sagittal section showing one anterior knob, tentacle, ovaries, Lang’s vesicle, and distal point of extruded stylet. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Sagittal section showing ventral location of testes. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Sagittal section displaying anterior brain capsule, voluminous pharynx, and highly sinuous vasa deferentia. Scale = 1 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Sagittal section showing prostatic and seminal vesicles, sinuous vagina, and cement glands. Scale = 250 µm." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Diagrammatic representation of copulatory complex of A. colombiana. Scale = 250 µm." figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470954" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470956" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470958" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2645282/files/figure.svg" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2645284/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2645286/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2645288/files/figure.svg" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3470954/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/2645292/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3470956/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3470958/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/2645300/files/figure.svg" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC5EFFE78FAFD" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC5EFFE09FC3E" blockId="2.[264,1322,940,1286]" box="[264,425,940,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC5EFFE09FC3E" box="[264,425,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B1CC597FD95FBED" blockId="2.[264,1322,940,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CFFFF8AFF846B1CC597FD95FBED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2423924548" collectingDate="2002-08" collectionCode="INV-PLA" country="Colombia" location="Inca-Inca" municipality="Inca-Inca" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="INV-PLA 0019" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gaira Bay" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8800FF8AFF846B1CC597FE08FC15" box="[312,424,980,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, one mature specimen (5.5 mm X
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF84696FC597FCFAFC15" box="[843,858,980,1006]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.0">3</quantity>
|
||
mm) in 70% ethanol,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD39ED9FF8AFF846E48C597FA86FC15" box="[1132,1318,980,1006]" collectionCode="INV-PLA" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">INVPLA 0019</specimenCode>
|
||
; collected in
|
||
<date id="FFCB1062FF8AFF846BB3C5BFFD91FBED" box="[407,561,1020,1046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2002-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FE98AFF8AFF846BB3C5BFFD91FBED" box="[407,561,1020,1046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2002-08">August 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B1CC267FD0CFB9D" blockId="2.[264,1322,940,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CFFFF8AFF846B1CC267FD0CFB9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2423924549" collectingDate="2002-08" collectionCode="INV-PLA" country="Colombia" location="Inca-Inca" municipality="Inca-Inca" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="INV-PLA 0020" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gaira Bay" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8800FF8AFF846B1CC267FE01FBC5" box="[312,417,1060,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, one mature specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF846893C267FD5BFBC5" box="[695,763,1060,1086]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
x 2.5 mm) as serial sagittal sections,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD39ED9FF8AFF846E92C267FEE3FB9D" collectionCode="INV-PLA" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">INVPLA 0020</specimenCode>
|
||
HS, collected in
|
||
<date id="FFCB1062FF8AFF846829C20FFD07FB9D" box="[525,679,1100,1126]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2002-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FE98AFF8AFF846829C20FFD07FB9D" box="[525,679,1100,1126]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="2002-08">August 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B1CC237FD42FB4D" blockId="2.[264,1322,940,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Other Material Examined: one additional mature specimen (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF846E61C237FB35FB75" box="[1093,1173,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FE98AFF8AFF846E83C237FB78FB75" box="[1191,1240,1140,1166]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF846EEDC237FB78FB75" box="[1225,1240,1140,1166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.0">3</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
mm); reproductive system sectioned sagittally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B1CC287FE78FAFD" blockId="2.[264,1322,940,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3CFFFF8AFF846B1CC287FE78FAFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2423924547" collectingDate="2002-08" country="Colombia" latitude="11.183333" location="Inca-Inca" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-74.23333" municipality="Inca-Inca" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gaira Bay" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Type Locality:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEACD8FF8AFF846BCBC287FDFDFB25" box="[495,605,1220,1246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">IncaInca</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE415065FF8AFF846854C287FD40FB25" box="[624,736,1220,1246]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="11.183333">N11° 11’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE415065FF8AFF8468D4C287FCC7FB25" box="[752,871,1220,1246]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-74.23333">W74° 14’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1F840FF8AFF8469A4C287FC5AFB25" box="[896,1018,1220,1246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Gaira Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A782F80FF8AFF846E2DC287FEF1FAFD" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF846E2DC287FBE7FB25" box="[1033,1095,1220,1246]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
southeast of Santa Marta
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3627632FF8AFF846B79C2AFFE74FAFD" box="[349,468,1260,1286]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC37FFED9FA5D" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC37FFED9FA5D" blockId="2.[264,1323,1340,1446]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC37FFE25FAAE" box="[264,389,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
Species name refers to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3627632FF8AFF846870C327FD6BFA85" box="[596,715,1380,1406]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the country from which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8800FF8AFF846E14C327FBC3FA85" box="[1072,1123,1380,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC39FFB23F9E5" box="[264,1155,1500,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC39FFB23F9E5" blockId="2.[264,1155,1500,1566]" box="[264,1155,1500,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC39FFE19F9E6" box="[264,441,1500,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Synonyms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8AFF846B1CC047FE19F9E6" ID-CoL="7PSYS" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[312,441,1540,1565]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pleioplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8AFF846BCCC047FD75F9E5" author="Bolanos, D. M. & Quiroga, S. Y. & Ardila, N. E. & Litvaitis, M. K." box="[488,725,1540,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refId="ref2647" refString="Bolanos, D. M., Quiroga, S. Y., Ardila, N. E. & Litvaitis, M. K. (2004) An initial survey of the polyclad fauna of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Abstract, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, New Orleans, Jan 2004" type="journal volume" year="2004">Bolaños et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8AFF8468C4C047FCC1F9E6" ID-CoL="7PSYS" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[736,865,1540,1565]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF8468C4C047FCC1F9E6" box="[736,865,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Pleioplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8AFF8469B5C047FB20F9E5" author="Quiroga, S. Y. & Bolanos, D. M. & Litvaitis, M. K." box="[913,1152,1540,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref3417" refString="Quiroga, S. Y., Bolanos, D. M. & Litvaitis, M. K. (2004) A checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America. Zootaxa, 633, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2004">Quiroga et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC00CFD17F948" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC00CFD17F948" blockId="2.[264,1323,1615,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC00CFE37F993" box="[264,407,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
To date, found only at IncaInca Bay, Tayrona National Park, Santa Marta,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3627632FF8AFF846E94C037FA87F975" box="[1200,1319,1652,1678]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from under rocks in the littoral zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8AFF846B2CC0A2FE9AF890" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B2CC0A2FEDFF901" blockId="2.[264,1323,1761,1899]" box="[264,383,1761,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8AFF846B2CC0A2FEDFF901" box="[264,383,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8AFF846B1CC144FE9AF890" blockId="2.[264,1323,1761,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Species characterized by nonretractile nuchal tentacles and by 6–8 submarginal knobs at the anterior end. Male stylet extremely long (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8AFF846916C16FFC4AF8BD" box="[818,1002,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1375.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1250.0">1250–1500 µm</quantity>
|
||
), curved, with very pointed end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8BFF856B2CC50BFB16FCA4" box="[264,1206,840,864]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645282/files/figure.svg" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" startId="3.[264,368,840,864]" targetBox="[94,1323,287,831]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8BFF856B2CC50BFB16FCA4" blockId="3.[264,1206,840,864]" box="[264,1206,840,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8BFF856B2CC50BFE2AFC9B" bold="true" box="[264,394,840,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Whole, fixed animal, representing general body shape and nuchal tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8BFF856B2CC2A4FA8AFB04" box="[264,1322,1255,1279]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645284/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" startId="3.[264,365,1255,1279]" targetBox="[502,1084,901,1247]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8BFF856B2CC2A4FA8AFB04" blockId="3.[264,1322,1255,1279]" box="[264,1322,1255,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8BFF856B2CC2A4FE27FB04" bold="true" box="[264,391,1255,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Fleshy, anteriorly located knobs (white arrow heads) and nuchal tentacles (black arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8BFF856B2CC163FC8CF8A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645286/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" startId="3.[264,368,1824,1848]" targetBox="[408,1187,1319,1813]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8BFF856B2CC163FC8CF8A1" blockId="3.[264,1323,1824,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8BFF856B2CC163FE2EF8C3" bold="true" box="[264,398,1824,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section through the anterior end, indicating position of knobs (arrow); the anterior end is folded subterminally. Scale = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8CFF826B2CC455FB85FDD6" box="[264,1061,534,558]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645288/files/figure.svg" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" startId="4.[264,368,534,558]" targetBox="[317,1493,286,526]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8CFF826B2CC455FB85FDD6" blockId="4.[264,1061,534,558]" box="[264,1061,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8CFF826B2CC455FE2AFDD5" bold="true" box="[264,394,534,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section with nuchal tentacles (arrows). Scale = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8CFF826B2CC521FD08FC67" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3470954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470954/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" startId="4.[264,367,866,890]" targetBox="[264,1323,596,858]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8CFF826B2CC521FD08FC67" blockId="4.[264,1322,866,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8CFF826B2CC521FE2AFC81" bold="true" box="[264,394,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section showing one anterior knob, tentacle, ovaries, Lang’s vesicle, and distal point of extruded stylet. Scale =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8CFF826847C5C6FD04FC67" box="[611,676,901,924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8CFF826B2CC2DEFBE9FB4E" box="[264,1097,1181,1205]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645292/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" startId="4.[264,368,1181,1205]" targetBox="[292,1294,978,1158]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8CFF826B2CC2DEFBE9FB4E" blockId="4.[264,1097,1181,1205]" box="[264,1097,1181,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8CFF826B2CC2DEFE2AFB4E" bold="true" box="[264,394,1181,1205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section showing ventral location of testes. Scale = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8CFF826B2CC38CFD09F9F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3470956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470956/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" startId="4.[264,368,1487,1511]" targetBox="[264,1323,1243,1479]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8CFF826B2CC38CFD09F9F2" blockId="4.[264,1322,1487,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8CFF826B2CC38CFE2EFA1C" bold="true" box="[264,398,1487,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section displaying anterior brain capsule, voluminous pharynx, and highly sinuous vasa deferentia. Scale =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8CFF826840C3B1FD05F9F2" box="[612,677,1522,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8CFF826B2CC176FDABF88B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3470958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470958/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" startId="4.[264,367,1845,1869]" targetBox="[264,1323,1583,1822]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8CFF826B2CC176FDABF88B" blockId="4.[264,1323,1845,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8CFF826B2CC176FE2CF8B6" bold="true" box="[264,396,1845,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagittal section showing prostatic and seminal vesicles, sinuous vagina, and cement glands. Scale =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8CFF826B95C11AFDA7F88B" box="[433,519,1881,1904]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8DFF836B2CC41EFE95FD6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645300/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" startId="5.[264,367,605,629]" targetBox="[94,1239,287,594]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF836B2CC41EFE95FD6C" blockId="5.[264,1323,605,663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8DFF836B2CC41EFE2CFD8E" bold="true" box="[264,396,605,629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagrammatic representation of copulatory complex of
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8DFF8369DDC41EFB3FFD8F" box="[1017,1183,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8DFF8369DDC41EFB3BFD8F" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[1017,1179,605,628]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">A. colombiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale = 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6529FF8DFF816B2CC48AFEC2F92A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF836B2CC48AFE32FD19" blockId="5.[264,1323,713,1618]" box="[264,402,713,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8DFF836B2CC48AFE32FD19" box="[264,402,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF836B1CC4B3FB01FBB1" blockId="5.[264,1323,713,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
External features: Small worms, of light grayish color, with dorsal surface covered with an irregular distribution of brown spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836908C55BFCD2FCC9" box="[812,882,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[94,1323,287,831]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1323,308,834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Whole, fixed animal, representing general body shape and nuchal tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645282/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior end rounded and bearing 6–8 fleshy, wellseparated knobs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836885C503FD57FCA1" box="[673,759,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,365,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[502,1084,901,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[502,1084,900,1253]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fleshy, anteriorly located knobs (white arrow heads) and nuchal tentacles (black arrows)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836922C503FCB6FCA1" box="[774,790,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sagittal section through the anterior end, indicating position of knobs (arrow); the anterior end is folded subterminally. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645286/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">3</figureCitation>
|
||
, and 5). Short (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8DFF8369F1C503FB94FCA1" box="[981,1076,832,858]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
|
||
long), nonretractile nuchal tentacles present just lateral to the brain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836963C52BFC3CFC79" box="[839,924,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,365,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[502,1084,901,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[502,1084,900,1253]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fleshy, anteriorly located knobs (white arrow heads) and nuchal tentacles (black arrows)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF83698DC52BFC18FC79" box="[937,952,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[264,368,534,558]" captionTargetBox="[317,1493,286,526]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[317,1269,314,529]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sagittal section with nuchal tentacles (arrows). Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645288/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF8369D7C52BFBA4FC79" box="[1011,1028,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,596,858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,593,862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sagittal section showing one anterior knob, tentacle, ovaries, Lang’s vesicle, and distal point of extruded stylet. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470954/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small eyes scattered at the base of the tentacles and in the cerebral region as three eye clusters. Ruffled pharynx centrally located in anterior third of body, mouth at posterior end of pharynx. Uteri visible through body wall, running anterior, anastomosing just above the anterior end of the pharynx. Male and female gonopores separate and posterior to pharynx. Anterior and posterior heavy concentration of rhabdites in epidermis. Posterior end pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF836B1CC21BFD7CF9A9" blockId="5.[264,1323,713,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Reproductive anatomy: Measurements refer to lengths in a 4.3 mm long worm. Male copulatory apparatus located anterior to male pore and directed posteriorly. Very deep, male antrum houses a long (1250
|
||
<date id="FFCB1062FF8DFF8368BAC2EBFD73FB39" box="[670,723,1192,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1950-10">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8DFF836892C2EBFD73FB39" box="[694,723,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="50.0">50</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
µm) and curved stylet, stylet curves dorsally over the seminal and prostatic vesicles. In the majority of fixed worms, the stylet is extruded from the male pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836BDCC2BBFDE0FAE9" box="[504,576,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,596,858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,593,862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sagittal section showing one anterior knob, tentacle, ovaries, Lang’s vesicle, and distal point of extruded stylet. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470954/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prostatic vesicle (275 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8DFF83694BC2BBFC6CFAE9" box="[879,972,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="225.0">225 µm</quantity>
|
||
) interpolated, seminal vesicle (275 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8DFF836B45C363FE60FAC1" box="[353,448,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="175.0">175 µm</quantity>
|
||
) joined dorsally to prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF8369A7C363FC6DFAC1" box="[899,973,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="5.[264,367,605,629]" captionTargetBox="[94,1239,287,594]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,304,601]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 9. Diagrammatic representation of copulatory complex of A. colombiana. Scale = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645300/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both seminal and prostatic vesicles with strongly muscularized walls. Prostatic and seminal vesicles very close to each other, hence it is very difficult to distinguish between them. Prostatic vesicle slightly curved, joined almost directly to the stylet. Testes ventral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF8369F1C3DBFB80FA49" box="[981,1056,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1181,1205]" captionTargetBox="[292,1294,978,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[292,1294,978,1158]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 6. Sagittal section showing ventral location of testes. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645292/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); highly sinuous vasa deferentia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF836BB4C383FE7AFA21" box="[400,474,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1243,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,1241,1483]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7. Sagittal section displaying anterior brain capsule, voluminous pharynx, and highly sinuous vasa deferentia. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470956/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) joined dorsally to seminal vesicle. Female reproductive system with very sinuous vagina with ridged walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF8368DBC3ABFCEDF9F9" box="[767,845,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1583,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,1579,1822]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sagittal section showing prostatic and seminal vesicles, sinuous vagina, and cement glands. Scale = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470958/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); Lang’s vesicle present. Uteri highly voluminous. Male gonopore close to female pore. A schematic representation of the reproductive complex is given in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8DFF8368B5C07BFD78F9A9" box="[657,728,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="5.[264,367,605,629]" captionTargetBox="[94,1239,287,594]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,304,601]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 9. Diagrammatic representation of copulatory complex of A. colombiana. Scale = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645300/files/figure.svg" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF836B2CC0CBFE56F95A" blockId="5.[264,1322,1672,1898]" box="[264,502,1672,1697]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8DFF836B2CC0CBFE56F95A" box="[264,502,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8DFF806B1CC0F3FCA4FE05" blockId="5.[264,1322,1672,1898]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8DFF836B1CC0F3FE46F931" author="Bock, S." box="[312,486,1712,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" pagination="29 - 344" refId="ref2626" refString="Bock, S. (1913) Studien uber Polycladen. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 2, 29 - 344." type="journal article" year="1913">Bock’s (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seminal work on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8DFF836923C0F3FC31F931" box="[775,913,1712,1738]" class="Rhabditophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Polycladida</taxonomicName>
|
||
divided the Acotylea into three sections based mostly on the arrangement of the eyes, namely the Emprosthommata, Craspedommata, and Schematommata.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8DFF8368C5C143FC3AF8E1" author="Prudhoe, S." box="[737,922,1792,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref3348" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1982) British polyclad turbellarians. In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K. (eds.), Synopses of the British fauna. Cambridge University Press 26, 1 - 77, Cambridge." type="journal article" year="1982">Prudhoe (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in turn, emended these divisions into three superfamilies, the Cestoplanoidea, Stylochoidea, and Planoceroidea, respectively. Using mostly characters of the male reproductive system,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8DFF836E5AC113FA88F891" author="Faubel, A." box="[1150,1320,1872,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" pagination="189 - 259" refId="ref2745" refString="Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 81, 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984">Faubel (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revised the three superfamilies to Ilyplanoidea (true prostatic vesicle lacking), the Stylochoidea (prostatic vesicle free), and the Leptoplanoidea (prostatic vesicle interpolated), respectively (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F70319FF8EFF80686CC72FFD01FE7D" box="[584,673,364,390]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,352,567,591]" captionTargetBox="[277,1297,625,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of the changing nomenclature of the three acotylean superfamilies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0A662AFF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="DF0A662AFF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806937C72FFC78FE7D" author="Tyler, S. & Schilling, S. & Hooge, M. & Bush, L. F." box="[787,984,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refId="ref3510" refString="Tyler, S., Schilling, S., Hooge, M., & Bush, L. F. (comp.) (2005) Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.4 http: // devbio. umesci. maine. edu / styler / turbellaria / (accessed March 23, 2005)." type="url" year="2005">Tyler et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the Leptoplanoidea,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806B2CC7D7FE12FE55" author="Faubel, A." box="[264,434,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="189 - 259" refId="ref2745" refString="Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 81, 189 - 259." type="journal article" year="1984">Faubel (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established three new families, one of which, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806E14C7D7FB5EFE55" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[1072,1278,404,430]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Stylochoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he validates with the characters “true prostatic vesicle present, its glandular lining smooth and the glands of which mostly extravesicular.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A662AFF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB" ID-Table-UUID="DF0A662AFF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB" box="[264,1235,566,592]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0A662AFF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[277,1297,625,947]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8EFF806B2CC474FB73FDAB" blockId="6.[264,1235,566,592]" box="[264,1235,566,592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806B2CC474FEDBFDB4" bold="true" box="[264,379,567,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of the changing nomenclature of the three acotylean superfamilies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8EFF806B31C432FB1AFC48" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<table id="F975C402FF8E00796B31C432FAB1FC48" box="[277,1297,625,947]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C432FAB1FD73" box="[277,1297,625,648]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C432FDB3FD73" box="[277,531,625,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Authority</th>
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C432FCACFD73" box="[573,780,625,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Superfamily</th>
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC432FBAAFD73" box="[824,1034,625,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Superfamily</th>
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C432FAB1FD73" box="[1075,1297,625,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Superfamily</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C4DFFAB1FD48" box="[277,1297,668,691]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C4DFFDB3FD48" box="[277,531,668,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Bock 1913</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C4DFFCACFD48" box="[573,780,668,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Craspedommata</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC4DFFBAAFD48" box="[824,1034,668,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Schematommata</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C4DFFAB1FD48" box="[1075,1297,668,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Emprosthommata</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C485FAB1FD26" box="[277,1297,710,733]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C485FDB3FD26" box="[277,531,710,733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Poche 1926</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C485FCACFD26" box="[573,780,710,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC485FBAAFD26" box="[824,1034,710,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Planoceroidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C485FAB1FD26" box="[1075,1297,710,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cestoplanoidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C4B2FAB1FCF3" box="[277,1297,753,776]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C4B2FDB3FCF3" box="[277,531,753,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Marcus & Marcus 1966</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C4B2FCACFCF3" box="[573,780,753,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Craspedommatidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC4B2FBAAFCF3" box="[824,1034,753,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Schematommatidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C4B2FAB1FCF3" box="[1075,1297,753,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Emprosthommatidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C55FFAB1FCC8" box="[277,1297,796,819]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C55FFDB3FCC8" box="[277,531,796,819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Prudhoe 1982</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C55FFCACFCC8" box="[573,780,796,819]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC55FFBAAFCC8" box="[824,1034,796,819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Planoceroidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C55FFAB1FCC8" box="[1075,1297,796,819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cestoplanoidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C505FAB1FCA6" box="[277,1297,838,861]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C505FDB3FCA6" box="[277,531,838,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Faubel 1983</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C505FCACFCA6" box="[573,780,838,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Craspedommatidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC505FBAAFCA6" box="[824,1034,838,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Schematommatidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C505FAB1FCA6" box="[1075,1297,838,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Emprosthommatidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C532FAB1FC73" box="[277,1297,881,904]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C532FDB3FC73" box="[277,531,881,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Faubel 1984</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C532FCACFC73" box="[573,780,881,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC532FBAAFC73" box="[824,1034,881,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Leptoplanoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C532FAB1FC73" box="[1075,1297,881,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Ilyplanoidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354534E0FF8E00796B31C5DFFAB1FC48" box="[277,1297,924,947]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76945D9CFF8E00796B31C5DFFDB3FC48" box="[277,531,924,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Tyler et al. (2005)</th>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796819C5DFFCACFC48" box="[573,780,924,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E0079691CC5DFFBAAFC48" box="[824,1034,924,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Leptoplanoidea</td>
|
||
<td id="76945D9CFF8E00796E17C5DFFAB1FC48" box="[1075,1297,924,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Ilyplanoidea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8EFF806B1CC244FCD8FB12" blockId="6.[264,1324,1031,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Within this family, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF8068FDC244FBC7FBDA" authority="(Stimpson 1857)" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[729,1127,1031,1057]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF8068FDC244FCDFFBDB" box="[729,895,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoplana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF8069B9C244FBFFFBDA" author="Stimpson, W." box="[925,1119,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="19 - 31" refId="ref3468" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quae in expeditione ad oceanum, pacificum septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Turbellaria Dendrocoela. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 9, 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a heterogeneous assemblage of numerous species. Recognizing the need for a more appropriate classification,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806866C214FCD4FB8A" author="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er." box="[578,884,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref3111" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1968) Polycladida from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 26, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Marcus & Marcus (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had separated the genus into groups based on presence or absence of tentacles and of a stylet. Their group C2, characterized by the presence of tentacles and an armed penis, contains three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806EB2C2E4FB5CFB3B" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1174,1276,1191,1216]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806EB2C2E4FB5CFB3B" box="[1174,1276,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">S. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806F30C2E4FE26FB13" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806F30C2E4FE21FB13" authorityName="Palombi" authorityYear="1940" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vesiculata">S. vesiculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806B9BC28CFCD4FB12" authority="(Marcus & Marcus 1968)" authorityName="Marcus & Marcus" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Marcus & Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[447,884,1231,1257]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="evelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806B9BC28CFD9EFB13" box="[447,574,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">S. evelinae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806869C28CFCCBFB12" author="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er." box="[589,875,1231,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref3111" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1968) Polycladida from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 26, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Marcus & Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8EFF806B1CC2B4FCC4F8E2" blockId="6.[264,1324,1031,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Since then,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806BE0C2B4FDCBFAEA" author="Faubel, A." box="[452,619,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref2705" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF80696FC2B4FC4DFAEB" box="[843,1005,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF80696FC2B4FC49FAEB" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[843,1001,1271,1296]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Armatoplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
including those species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806B2CC35CFE0FFAC3" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[264,431,1311,1336]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806B2CC35CFE0FFAC3" box="[264,431,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Stylochoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by an armed penis and the presence of Lang’s vesicle. Species with an unarmed conical penis papilla were retained in
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF8069E0C304FBD3FA9B" box="[964,1139,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF8069E0C304FBCEFA9B" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[964,1134,1351,1376]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Stylochoplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806EA4C304FA8BFA9A" author="Faubel, A." box="[1152,1323,1351,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref2705" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguishes species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF80680AC32CFD69FA73" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[558,713,1391,1416]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF80680AC32CFD69FA73" box="[558,713,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Armatoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from species in other genera of the family by the following combination of characters: lack of tentacles, presence of serial cerebral and tentacular eyes, an anteriorly located pharynx, presence of a true seminal vesicle or spermiducal bulbs, and an armed penis with a long, sharp stylet. Lang’s vesicle and a true vagina bulbosa are present in the female copulatory apparatus. However, the character “presence/absence of nuchal tentacles” may be of little systematic value, because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806EFFC074FEF7F982" author="Faubel, A." pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref2705" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved two species with head tentacles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF80696BC01CFC11F983" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[847,945,1631,1656]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF80696BC01CFC11F983" box="[847,945,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">S. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF8069D5C01CFB2AF983" authorityName="Palombi" authorityYear="1940" box="[1009,1162,1631,1656]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vesiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF8069D5C01CFB2AF983" box="[1009,1162,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">S. vesiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of group C2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8EFF806B34C0C4FD8CF95A" author="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er." box="[272,556,1671,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref3111" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1968) Polycladida from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 26, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Marcus & Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) into
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806857C0C4FCB6F95B" box="[627,790,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806857C0C4FCB2F95B" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[627,786,1671,1696]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Armatoplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Based on this, we believe it is appropriate to emend
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806B45C0ECFE5CF933" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[353,508,1711,1736]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806B45C0ECFE5CF933" box="[353,508,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Armatoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include worms with or without nuchal tentacles. This is further supported by the fact that nuchal tentacles may be difficult to discern in poorly fixed material and may have been overlooked in the past.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8EFF816B1CC164FCBDFD66" blockId="6.[264,1324,1031,1897]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1324,284,1430]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
With the exception of the presence of nuchal tentacles in our specimens, the newly described species
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8EFF806BFEC10CFCADF893" box="[474,781,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8EFF806BFEC10CFCA9F893" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[474,777,1871,1896]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">Armatoplana colombiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
agrees with all the characteristics of the genus as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8FFF816B8AC75FFDF8FECD" author="Faubel, A." box="[430,600,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref2705" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, as stated above, the presence of tentacles may not be of great taxonomic significance. Initial identifications that had placed this species into the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816BB4C72FFDB0FE7E" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[400,528,364,389]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816BB4C72FFDB0FE7E" box="[400,528,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Pleioplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were based mostly on a general arrangement of reproductive structures and the presence of a long, pointed stylet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8FFF8169A2C7D7FBD6FE55" author="Bolanos, D. M. & Quiroga, S. Y. & Ardila, N. E. & Litvaitis, M. K." box="[902,1142,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" refId="ref2647" refString="Bolanos, D. M., Quiroga, S. Y., Ardila, N. E. & Litvaitis, M. K. (2004) An initial survey of the polyclad fauna of the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Abstract, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, New Orleans, Jan 2004" type="journal volume" year="2004">Bolaños et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B53FF8FFF816EA1C7D7FEE8FE2D" author="Quiroga, S. Y. & Bolanos, D. M. & Litvaitis, M. K." pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref3417" refString="Quiroga, S. Y., Bolanos, D. M. & Litvaitis, M. K. (2004) A checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America. Zootaxa, 633, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2004">Quiroga et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, it has become clear that the prostatic vesicle of
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816E3AC7FFFB06FE2E" box="[1054,1190,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816E3AC7FFFB02FE2E" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[1054,1186,444,469]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pleioplanidae" genus="Pleioplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pleioplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
containing welldefined tubular chambers, is very different from the prostatic vesicle observed in our specimens. The only other genus within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816938C44FFC47FDDD" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[796,999,524,550]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Stylochoplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is characterized by an armed penis, the presence of Lang’s vesicle and tentacles is
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816E20C477FB28FDB6" box="[1028,1160,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816E20C477FB23FDB6" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[1028,1155,564,589]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Interplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Interplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, in species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816BA8C41FFDAEFD8E" box="[396,526,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816BA8C41FFDABFD8E" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[396,523,604,629]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Interplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Interplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the stylet does not curve dorsally over the prostatic and seminal vesicles as it does in species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF81685EC4C7FCBDFD66" box="[634,797,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF81685EC4C7FCB9FD66" authorityName="Faubel" authorityYear="1983" box="[634,793,644,669]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Armatoplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8FFF816B1CC4EFFDE9FC75" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The presence of anterior marginal knobs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8FFF816912C4EFFC2DFD3D" box="[822,909,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,365,1255,1279]" captionTargetBox="[502,1084,901,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[502,1084,900,1253]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fleshy, anteriorly located knobs (white arrow heads) and nuchal tentacles (black arrows)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645284/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8FFF8169B9C4EFFC0CFD3D" box="[925,940,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[408,1187,1319,1813]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sagittal section through the anterior end, indicating position of knobs (arrow); the anterior end is folded subterminally. Scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645286/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A27FF8FFF8169CFC4EFFC5AFD3D" box="[1003,1018,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[264,367,866,890]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,596,858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,593,862]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sagittal section showing one anterior knob, tentacle, ovaries, Lang’s vesicle, and distal point of extruded stylet. Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3470954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) which are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816F35C4EFFEE7FD16" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816F35C4EFFEE7FD16" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816BACC497FD8BFD16" box="[392,555,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816BACC497FD86FD16" authorityName="Palombi" authorityYear="1940" box="[392,550,724,749]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vesiculata">A. vesiculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clearly separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816922C497FC15FD16" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[774,949,724,749]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816922C497FC15FD16" box="[774,949,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from these congenerics, as do differences in reproductive system structures, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816940C4BFFBB0FCEE" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[868,1040,764,789]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816940C4BFFBB0FCEE" box="[868,1040,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much longer and more curved stylet, the prostatic vesicle is more rounded, and Lang’s vesicle is bigger (Table 2). In addition, no mature specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF81691EC50FFC3BFC9E" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[826,923,844,869]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF81691EC50FFC3BFC9E" box="[826,923,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF8169FCC50FFBD1FC9E" authorityName="Palombi" authorityYear="1940" box="[984,1137,844,869]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Leptoplanidae" genus="Stylochoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vesiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF8169FCC50FFBD1FC9E" box="[984,1137,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. vesiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known that are less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B47FF8FFF816B84C537FE73FC75" box="[416,467,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8FFF816B1CC5DFFB86FA6D" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
The shape and nature of the male reproductive systems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF8169DAC5DFFB30FC4E" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1022,1168,924,949]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lactoalba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF8169DAC5DFFB30FC4E" box="[1022,1168,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. lactoalba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816E86C5DFFA8BFC4E" box="[1186,1323,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816E86C5DFFA86FC4E" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1186,1318,924,949]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="leptalea">A. leptalea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816B18C587FE48FC26" baseAuthorityName="Plehn" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[316,488,964,989]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816B18C587FE48FC26" box="[316,488,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show close similarities with those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816994C587FBC4FC26" box="[944,1124,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816994C587FBC0FC26" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[944,1120,964,989]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">A. colombiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, based on the presence of tentacles and marginal anterior knobs in
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816998C5AFFBCDFBFE" box="[956,1133,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816998C5AFFBC9FBFE" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[956,1129,1004,1029]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">A. colombiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the new species can be reliably separated from these three species (Table 2). Additionally, coloration and size can be used to differentiate among these species. Finally, live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816F35C27FFE32FB86" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816F35C27FFE32FB86" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816895C227FC68FB86" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[689,968,1124,1149]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Styloplanocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816895C227FC68FB86" box="[689,968,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Styloplanocera fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because coloration and color patterns (light grey with isolated dark brown spots and a network of brown pigmentation covering the dorsal surface) of the two are almost identical. However, a closer examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816B03C29FFE00FB0E" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[295,416,1244,1269]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Styloplanocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816B03C29FFE00FB0E" box="[295,416,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">S. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will show that knobs are present all over its surface, whereas they are limited to the anterior end in
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF81682FC347FD1FFAE6" box="[523,703,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF81682FC347FD1BFAE6" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[523,699,1284,1309]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">A. colombiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF81694DC347FC45FAE6" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[873,997,1284,1309]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Styloplanocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF81694DC347FC45FAE6" box="[873,997,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">S. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of such a small size would not be mature individuals. Internally, of course, the male reproductive systems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816F30C36FFEC5FA96" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Styloplanocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816F30C36FFEC5FA96" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">S. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D21FF8FFF816BBAC317FDE9FA96" authorityName="Bolaños & Quiroga & Litvaitis" authorityYear="2006" box="[414,585,1364,1389]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochoplanidae" genus="Armatoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colombiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816BBAC317FDE9FA96" box="[414,585,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">A. colombiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are completely different, again emphasizing the importance of histological sections for positive species identifications in Acotylea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8FFF816B2CC3B7FE5AF9F5" blockId="7.[264,506,1524,1550]" box="[264,506,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAB0FF8FFF816B2CC3B7FE5AF9F5" bold="true" box="[264,506,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36A2FF8FFF816B2CC07CFEC2F92A" blockId="7.[264,1322,1599,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
We thank Nestor E. Ardila for helpful advice, and INVEMAR for logistic support and the curation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8800FF8FFF816BB2C024FE78F97A" box="[406,472,1639,1665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. This work was supported in part by NSF grant DEB0412932, and is Scientific Contribution No. 2291 from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1F840FF8FFF81690FC0CCFC53F952" box="[811,1011,1679,1705]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
Agricultural Experiment Station.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |