297 lines
35 KiB
XML
297 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="37437B8FF392B8FD4E242E64E731C3CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="42358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57f18dad-5ee3-4df1-83f6-32c19e460d7b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230839" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460939790093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M., Alexander, Laura G. & Devries, Philip J." docDate="2014" docId="03DC878D3368FFA2FF4799B1FEABF8B9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p559.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cithaerias pyritosa Zikan" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="557" masterDocId="FFE5FFF53366FFB2FFD09C4BFFAEFFF3" masterDocTitle="Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="555" updateTime="1698583974287" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CA21C5C7C775816DB9469018ABEF9C8B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="739B8FA4FD9C281D7D1338DE8DCDF3FA">
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<mods:title id="4F61FA287106C5D84A0BF3B359A3D045">Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="71CAC0F29288AB231DBB5B3FF0222F55" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7AD54BE244BFF3CA4AF18704CE9DE6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C634F982D78F4166459A4D6F34A958AA">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE89AD60C1AB7307862D1341C04A5EB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2F01D297B6DB6969FB2B8A1004D32D41">Alexander, Laura G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="57A09EA9D07EC197A5CC85F18A6E6F4A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0FF381D91A71D939B336E25E6C0E19AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8EB9545F9BAA1F8ABE656115A80B15AE">Devries, Philip J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="19A563B132584C6860ED2B05F5D99CB5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7E3DC9BD8841E251DB8524A142DB2DB6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D0D2123505489412C49CC04D92AD977E">
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<mods:date id="C3215E30C795CFD89F5491EA915AD506">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C35BF587D4522050C50347BDB70E9AF6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="574355238467B69768E7F53C9608B3CD">3873</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F861879C3DF1D027AAD094CA2110D86A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A96B627268D7A65764B63D49CA4CDFF0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC878D3368FFA2FF4799B1FEABF8B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC878D3368FFA2FF4799B1FEABF8B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC878D3368FFA2FF4799B1FEABF8B9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103368FFBCFF4799B1FE4EF969" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBCFF4799B1FE4FF9E6" blockId="14.[151,481,1530,1590]" box="[151,481,1530,1557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<heading id="D08281F73368FFBCFF4799B1FE4FF9E6" bold="true" box="[151,481,1530,1557]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFF4799B1FE4FF9E6" ID-CoL="5YWHM" authority="Zikan" authorityName="Zikan" box="[151,481,1530,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyritosa">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF4799B1FE4FF9E6" bold="true" box="[151,481,1530,1557]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF4799B1FED2F9E7" bold="true" box="[151,380,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Cithaerias pyritosa</emphasis>
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(Zikán)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBCFF479A56FE2FF9C5" blockId="14.[151,481,1530,1590]" box="[151,385,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3368FFBCFF4F9A56FF4AF9C5" box="[159,228,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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Figs
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<quantity id="4C8D9B7E3368FFBCFF079A56FF4AF9C5" box="[215,228,1565,1590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" unit="g" value="5.0">5</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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g–i, 7b, 8e, 9)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBCFF479A2DFE4EF969" blockId="14.[151,490,1637,1690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFF479A2DFE44F988" authority="D'Almeida" authorityName="D'Almeida" box="[151,490,1637,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similigena">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF479A2DFEDCF988" box="[151,370,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Cithaerias similigena</emphasis>
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D’Almeida
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFF479ACFFE4EF969" authority="Bryk" authorityName="Bryk" box="[151,480,1668,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pireta" subSpecies="amaryllis">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF479ACFFE06F96A" box="[151,424,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Callitaera pireta amaryllis</emphasis>
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Bryk
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103368FFBCFF479A8DFB28F8F0" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBCFF479A8DFB28F8F0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF479A8DFEF1F92C" bold="true" box="[151,351,1734,1759]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<typeStatus id="54CE88393368FFBCFF479A8DFF7AF92C" box="[151,212,1734,1759]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CE88393368FFBCFEAD9A83FE43F913" box="[381,493,1736,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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is in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3368FFBCFB279A8DFA95F92C" box="[1271,1339,1734,1759]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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http:// www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/ih/n_
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFD9F9AA0FD12F8F7" box="[591,700,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cithaerias</taxonomicName>
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0037_i.htm (last accessed
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<date id="FFCB105B3368FFBCFC309AA0FBD5F8F0" box="[992,1147,1771,1795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" value="2014-06-22">22 June 2014</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103368FFBCFF179B45FC5DF8BF" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBCFF179B45FC5DF8BF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF179B45FECEF8D4" bold="true" box="[199,352,1806,1831]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3368FFBCFEBE9B45FE72F8D4" box="[366,476,1806,1831]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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east of the Andes, and
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<collectingCountry id="F362760B3368FFBCFCDF9B45FCF8F8D4" box="[783,854,1806,1831]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, and might be sympatric with
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFB059B44FACFF8D4" box="[1237,1377,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurorina">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFB059B44FACFF8D4" box="[1237,1377,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">C. aurorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A3368FFBCFF479B78FEF0F8BF" author="Constantino" box="[151,350,1843,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" refString="Constantino, L. M. (1995) Revision de la tribu Haeterini Herrich-Schaffer, 1864 en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 23 (89), 49 - 76." type="journal article" year="1995">Constantino 1995</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183368FFBCFE4D9B78FDA5F8B8" box="[413,523,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFE4D9B78FDA5F8B8" box="[413,523,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See map (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3368FFBCFD589B78FD62F8B8" box="[648,716,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1170,1192]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1427,191,1132]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230848/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) for examined specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F65103368FFBDFF179B1DFB24FE7B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3368FFBDFF179B1DFB24FE7B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2012]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893368FFBCFF179B1DFEEFF89C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1878,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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We define this species based on the following combination of characters (numbered in
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3368FFBCFAC49B1DFAF9F89C" box="[1300,1367,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4C8D9B7E3368FFBCFA989B1DFAF9F89C" box="[1352,1367,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" unit="g" value="5.0">5</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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g): (1) male HW submarginal band well separated from marginal band, slightly staggered, usually merging with marginal band in cell M2 to form a brown triangle (arrow in
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3368FFBCFD039BD5FCBBF844" box="[723,789,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="555">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4C8D9B7E3368FFBCFCD69BD5FCBBF844" box="[774,789,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="555" unit="g" value="5.0">5</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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g); (2) male HW postmedial band that outlines the ocellus complete across cells Rs through M2; (3) male HW postmedial band somewhat broad, slightly arched in each cell; (4) male HW scaling dense, deep rose with overtones of iridescent purple in some specimens, and usually localized in cells M3, Cu1 and Cu2 (absent or barely entering cell M2); (5) female similar to male but with wider brown bands and lighter color scaling (lacking the purple sheen), wing pattern of the single specimen available to us seems indistinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFDD59D4FFDD3FEEF" box="[517,637,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFDD59D4FFDD3FEEF" box="[517,637,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3369FFBDFC8B9D4FFC06FEEE" box="[859,936,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,197,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[158,1428,191,1287]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. aurorina dissection CMP 13 - 13; b, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 - 04." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230846/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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b): note the extremely long phallus and saccus—unique to this species, plus the narrow rounded subscaphium that bears well-sclerotized small spines. Female genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3369FFBDFEB39D07FE09FE97" box="[355,423,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,455,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,443,1751]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for line drawings only. a, C. pireta dissection CMP 13 – 28, the arrow indicates lateral portion of the sterigma that is much reduced (and not illustrated) in other species; b – c, C. cliftoni dissections CMP 13 – 35 and 13 – 29; d, C. aurora dissection CMP 13 – 33; e, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 – 20. f, characteristic aspect of a mated female; note that the scaling anterior to the sterigma have been lifted by the mating plug." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230847/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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e): the rectangular sterigma is smaller and more deeply concave than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFB0C9D07FAE2FE97" box="[1244,1356,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFB0C9D07FAE2FE97" box="[1244,1356,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. aurora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and it bears an extremely large ostium bursae. Note also the enlarged antrum plus ductus bursae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0A66133369FFBDFF479AB7FCEAF87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230847/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" targetBox="[167,1426,455,1740]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BCA369B3369FFBDFF479AB7FCEAF87E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1788,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFF479AB7FEBDF8E1" bold="true" box="[151,275,1788,1810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for line drawings only.
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<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFDBE9B50FDD5F8C2" bold="true" box="[622,635,1819,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">a</emphasis>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFD5B9B57FD46F8C2" box="[651,744,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pireta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFD5B9B57FD46F8C2" box="[651,744,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. pireta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dissection CMP 13–28, the arrow indicates lateral portion of the sterigma that is much reduced (and not illustrated) in other species;
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFC839B71FCD6F8A3" bold="true" box="[851,888,1850,1872]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">b–c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFC569B70FC43F8BC" box="[902,1005,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cliftoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFC569B70FC43F8BC" box="[902,1005,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. cliftoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dissections CMP 13–35 and 13–29;
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFAB99B71FAD9F8A3" bold="true" box="[1385,1399,1850,1872]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">d</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFA549B70FF73F89C" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFA549B70FF73F89C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. aurora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dissection CMP 13–33;
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFE0D9B12FE46F89C" bold="true" box="[477,488,1881,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">e</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183369FFBDFE269B12FDC6F89C" box="[502,616,1881,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyritosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFE269B12FDC6F89C" box="[502,616,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">C. pyritosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dissection CMP 14–20.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893369FFBDFCB79B12FCC1F89C" bold="true" box="[871,879,1881,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="556">f</emphasis>
|
||
, characteristic aspect of a mated female; note that the scaling anterior to the sterigma have been lifted by the mating plug.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A66133376FFA2FF4798D9FB6DFB5B" box="[151,1219,1170,1192]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230848/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" targetBox="[168,1420,196,1125]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B3376FFA2FF4798D9FB6DFB5B" blockId="16.[151,1219,1170,1192]" box="[151,1219,1170,1192]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF4798D9FEBCFB5B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1170,1192]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F65103376FFA2FF179885FE34FA85" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B3376FFA2FF179885FF6DFAA0" blockId="16.[151,1436,1230,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF179885FDA8FB14" bold="true" box="[199,518,1230,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Variation in wing pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
Although few specimens were available to us, some variation was observed. In males the coloration can be pure rose (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FD8598B9FD32FAF8" box="[597,668,1266,1291]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) or have overtones of purple (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FC2A98B9FBC0FAF8" box="[1018,1134,1266,1291]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and the brown scale-less triangle below M
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FE89995CFE30FADC" box="[345,414,1303,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">2 may</date>
|
||
be solid (brown bands amalgamated;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3376FFA2FC9A995DFC22FADC" box="[842,908,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9B7E3376FFA2FCAE995DFC22FADC" box="[894,908,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" unit="g" value="5.0">5</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g) or open (brown bands not amalgamated;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3376FFA2FAA7995DFF0BFAA0" captionStart="FIGURE 5. a – e, C" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1208,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,198,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,191,1168]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. a – e, C. aurora; f, C. aurorina; g – i, C. pyritosa; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230844/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B3376FFA2FF179915FE34FA85" blockId="16.[151,1436,1230,1866]" box="[199,410,1374,1399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF179915FEE1FA84" bold="true" box="[199,335,1374,1399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F65103376FFA2FF1799C9FE87F980" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B3376FFA2FF1799C9FE87F980" blockId="16.[151,1436,1230,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF1799C9FE95FA68" bold="true" box="[199,315,1410,1435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although it is not possible to evaluate the length of the phallus and saccus from the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FEEB99ECFE17FA4D" box="[315,441,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyritosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FEEB99ECFE17FA4D" box="[315,441,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. pyritosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE88393376FFA2FDE499ECFDCAFA4C" box="[564,612,1447,1471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen photographs and localities, we concur with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A3376FFA2FB1C99ECFAC4FA4C" author="Lamas" box="[1228,1386,1447,1471]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" refString="Lamas, G. (1998) Lista sinonimica de los generos Cithaerias Hubner y Haetera Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), con la descripcion de dos subespecies nuevas del Peru. Revista peruana de Entomologia, 40, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1998">Lamas (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FF479981FE83FA11" box="[151,301,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF479981FE83FA11" box="[151,301,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. similigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FEB39981FD96FA11" box="[355,568,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pireta" subSpecies="amaryllis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FEB39981FD96FA11" box="[355,568,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. pireta amaryllis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FD2F9981FCD2FA11" box="[767,892,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyritosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FD2F9981FCD2FA11" box="[767,892,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. pyritosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male genitalia photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FAD69981FA32FA11" box="[1286,1436,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FAD69981FA32FA11" box="[1286,1436,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. similigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in D’Almeida (1951) is quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FD8E99A4FD72F9F5" box="[606,732,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyritosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FD8E99A4FD72F9F5" box="[606,732,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. pyritosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3376FFA2FCD399A5FCE8F9F4" box="[771,838,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,197,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[158,1428,191,1287]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. aurorina dissection CMP 13 - 13; b, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 - 04." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230846/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b, but the phallus is proportionately longer. It is also important to note that the proportions of the male genitalia parts in lateral view illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B6A3376FFA2FB729A59FAD4F9D8" author="Constantino" box="[1186,1402,1554,1579]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" refString="Constantino, L. M. (1995) Revision de la tribu Haeterini Herrich-Schaffer, 1864 en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 23 (89), 49 - 76." type="journal article" year="1995">Constantino (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not match those in D’Almeida (1951; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D183376FFA2FDA39A7CFCA2F9BD" box="[627,780,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similigena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FDA39A7CFCA2F9BD" box="[627,780,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">C. similigena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) nor this study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2A1E3376FFA2FC1F9A7DFBBBF9BC" box="[975,1045,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,197,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[158,1428,191,1287]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegument and uncus in dorsal view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. When not clearly visible in the lateral view illustration, the phallus was shown separately. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent sclerotized area) rest on the membranous diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate includes preparation artifacts. Scale bar Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. aurorina dissection CMP 13 - 13; b, C. pyritosa dissection CMP 14 - 04." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230846/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b). This variation warrants further examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F65103376FFA2FF179A35FEABF8B9" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA369B3376FFA2FF179A35FEABF8B9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1230,1866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FF179A35FDB7F964" bold="true" box="[199,537,1662,1687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Material examined: MALE:</emphasis>
|
||
1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FD9F9A35FD38F964" box="[591,662,1662,1687]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas, Tonantins,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FC769A34FB99F964" box="[934,1079,1663,1687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1923-08">August 1923</date>
|
||
M. Clifton dissection slide 239 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FF4F9AE9FF57F949" box="[159,249,1698,1722]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FEEC9AE9FE03F948" box="[316,429,1698,1723]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas, Rio Tacana,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FD1E9AE9FC6AF948" box="[718,964,1698,1723]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1946-11-01" valueMax="1946-11-13" valueMin="1946-11-01">1–13 November 1946</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FC049AE9FB80F949" box="[980,1070,1698,1722]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FBA19AE9FB4CF948" box="[1137,1250,1698,1723]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas, Rio Loreto Yacu,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FEE29A8CFD94F92C" box="[306,570,1734,1759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1981-07-08" valueMax="1981-08-16" valueMin="1981-07-08">8 July–16 August 1981</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 14-04 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FC819A8CFC06F92C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[849,936,1735,1759]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2M
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FC3A9A8DFBF5F92C" box="[1002,1115,1734,1759]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Leticia,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FB139A8CFA32F92C" box="[1219,1436,1734,1759]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1975-11-19">19 November 1975</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FF4F9AA1FF58F8F1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[159,246,1770,1794]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EA893376FFA2FEC09AA1FE3FF8F0" bold="true" box="[272,401,1770,1795]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">FEMALE:</emphasis>
|
||
1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FE1C9AA1FD93F8F0" box="[460,573,1770,1795]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas, Rio Tacana,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FCA99AA1FB2EF8F0" box="[889,1152,1770,1795]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1946-11-01" valueMax="1946-11-13" valueMin="1946-11-01">1–13 November 1946</date>
|
||
, dissection CMP 14-20 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FF4F9B44FF57F8D4" box="[159,249,1807,1831]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362760B3376FFA2FEEB9B45FE2CF8D4" box="[315,386,1806,1831]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCB105B3376FFA2FE439B44FD9CF8D4" box="[403,562,1807,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" value="1919-06-30">30 June 1919</date>
|
||
(specimen has an unusual number of eyespots, identification is tentative) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64AE5E3376FFA2FF4F9B79FF54F8B9" box="[159,250,1842,1866]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">CMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |